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Ngqaneka T, Obikeze K, Magwebu ZE, Chauke CG. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 genetic screening using the vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops) model. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:45-52. [PMID: 36222294 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene has come to prominence due to its reported function in the clearance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) was utilized to study the genetics of PCSK9 gene. METHOD Sixteen vervet monkeys were selected to screen for possible PCSK9 polymorphisms and to determine gene expression. RESULTS Four PCSK9 sequence variants (T112T, R148S, H177N and G635G) were identified and three of these variants (H177N, R148S, and G635G) were categorized as loss of function mutations. A decline in gene expression levels was also observed in animals harboring these three variants. Although the selected variants might have affected the level of gene expression in the selected animals, individual variation was also noticed in some of these individuals with the G635G variant. CONCLUSION Based on the findings obtained from this study, it is suggestive that the activity of PCSK9 was hindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobile Ngqaneka
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.,School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Kenechukwu Obikeze
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Zandisiwe E Magwebu
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Chesa G Chauke
- Primate Unit and Delft Animal Centre (PUDAC), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Wu L, Zeeshan M, Dang Y, Liang LY, Gong YC, Li QQ, Tan YW, Fan YY, Lin LZ, Zhou Y, Liu RQ, Hu LW, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Yu Y, Dong GH. Environmentally relevant concentrations of F-53B induce eye development disorders-mediated locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136130. [PMID: 36049635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perfluorooctane sulfonate alternative, F-53B, induces multiple physiological defects but whether it can disrupt eye development is unknown. We exposed zebrafish to F-53B at four different concentrations (0, 0.15, 1.5, and 15 μg/L) for 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Locomotor behavior, neurotransmitters content, histopathological alterations, morphological changes, cell apoptosis, and retinoic acid signaling were studied. Histology and morphological analyses showed that F-53B induced pathological changes in lens and retina of larvae and eye size were significantly reduced as compared to control. Acridine orange (AO) staining revealed a dose-dependent increase in early apoptosis, accompanied by upregulation of p53, casp-9 and casp-3 genes. Genes related to retinoic acid signaling (aldh1a2), lens developmental (cryaa, crybb, crygn, and mipa) and retinal development (pax6, rx1, gant1, rho, opn1sw and opn1lw) were significantly downregulated. In addition, behavioral responses (swimming speed) were significantly increased, while no significant changes in the neurotransmitters (dopamine and acetylcholine) level were observed. Therefore, in this study we observed that exposure to F-53B inflicted histological and morphological changes in zebrafish larvae eye, induced visual motor dysfunctions, perturbed retinoid signaling and retinal development and ultimately triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Li-Ya Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Chen Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya-Wen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Casanova MI, Chen R, Garzel LM, Olstad KJ, Kim S, Harris RA, Li Y, Raveendran M, Liang Q, Wang J, Yiu G, Stout JT, Roberts JA, Rogers J, Moshiri A, Thomasy SM. Clinical presentation, treatment, and genetic and histopathological analysis of juvenile cataracts and secondary glaucoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2021; 51:119-123. [PMID: 34897697 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the clinical and histological findings, genetic study, and treatment in a 1.3-year-old rhesus macaque with bilateral cataracts and unilateral secondary glaucoma. Intravitreal injection of gentamicin decreased the intraocular pressure from 56 to <2 mm Hg. A putative genetic cause of the cataracts was not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Casanova
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura M Garzel
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ronald Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingnan Liang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - John Timothy Stout
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Medicine and Epidemiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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