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Shen H, Pei H, Zhai L, Guan Q, Wang G. Salvianolic acid C improves cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through suppressing microglial cell M1 polarization and promoting cerebral angiogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109021. [PMID: 35810493 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of salvianolic acid C (SAC), the active ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, in improving cerebral ischemia injury. The mouse microglial cells BV2 and mouse endothelial cells bEnd.3 were used as the objects of study. LPS/IFN-γ was applied to simulate the BV2 polarization, and bEnd.3 cells were treated under hypoxic condition. The BV2 cell polarization level was measured through flow cytometry (FCM), the TLR4 and MyD88 expression levels were detected by fluorescence staining, whereas the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was analyzed through ELISA. Tubule formation assay was also conducted to observe the tubule formation ability of bEnd.3 cells in vitro, and the level of VEGFR2 was detected by fluorescence staining. Cells were treated with the PKM2 inhibitor IN3, aiming to observe the influence of SAC on glycolysis of BV2 cells. In addition, the mouse model of cerebral ischemia was constructed through the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method, and the pathological changes in brain tissues were detected after SAC intervention. Meanwhile, the levels of IBA-1, CD31 and ZO-1 were determined through histochemical staining. Nissl staining to detect nerve cell damage. In BV2 cell experiment, SAC suppressed the M1 polarization of BV2 cells, reduced the inflammatory factor levels, and inhibited the activation of TLR4 signal through suppressing glycolysis. When PKM2 was suppressed, the effects of SAC were antagonized. In the bEnd.3 model, SAC promoted tubule formation in bEnd.3 cells under hypoxic condition, and increased the expression of VEGFR2 and Notch1. In the mouse model, SAC improved the neurological function in MCAO mice, and inhibited the activation of microglial cells and the expression of inflammatory factors. At the same time, SAC up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and CD31, and maintained the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. As a major component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, SAC can suppress microglial cell polarization and promote tubule formation in endothelial cells to exert the neurological repair function in cerebral ischemia. SAC is a multi-functional neuroprotective small molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liping Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China
| | - Qiaobing Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
| | - Genghuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
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Zhao Q, Shao X, Ding X, Lin S, Zhang D, Qin J, Wang W, Yu W, Zhang R, Tao L, Zhao W, Zhang H. PDPOB Exerts Multiaspect Anti-Ischemic Effects Associated with the Regulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4416-4427. [PMID: 34755509 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke remains an urgent need. Here, we identified a novel phenyl carboxylic acid derivative, n-pentyl 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (PDPOB), with anti-ischemic activities. The in vitro anti-ischemic neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory capacities of PDPOB were investigated using neuronal cells suffering from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PDPOB attenuated the OGD/R-evoked cellular damage of SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, PDPOB displayed protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. A further study unveiled the accelerated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) by PDPOB treatment, while blockade of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling substantially diminished the neuroprotective capacities of PDPOB. Additionally, the PDPOB pretreatment dampened the LPS-evoked neuroinflammation in BV2 cells, characterized by the suppressed secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as normalized expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Western blotting further revealed that PDPOB abated the overabundant phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. The intravenous application of PDPOB (30 mg/kg, single dose) attenuated ipsilateral cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, accompanied by recovered neurological behaviors. Collectively, the above observations provided substantial evidence for the favorable properties and mechanistic explanations of PDPOB in the regulation of ischemia-associated neuronal injury and microglial inflammation, which may furnish ideas for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingcheng Shao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang
Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sijin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang
Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junjun Qin
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang
Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weichen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rujun Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang
Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingxue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang
Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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Liu X, Ruan Z, Shao XC, Feng HX, Wu L, Wang W, Wang HM, Mu HY, Zhang RJ, Zhao WM, Zhang HY, Zhang NX. Protective Effects of 28-O-Caffeoyl Betulin (B-CA) on the Cerebral Cortex of Ischemic Rats Revealed by a NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:686-698. [PMID: 33389470 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
28-O-caffeoyl betulin (B-CA) has been demonstrated to reduce the cerebral infarct volume caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury. B-CA is a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene with little information associated with its pharmacological target(s). To date no data is available regarding the effect of B-CA on brain metabolism. In the present study, a 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the therapeutic effects of B-CA on brain metabolism following MCAO in rats. Global metabolic profiles of the cortex in acute period (9 h after focal ischemia onset) after MCAO were compared between the groups (sham; MCAO + vehicle; MCAO + B-CA). MCAO induced several changes in the ipsilateral cortex of ischemic rats, which consequently led to the neuronal damage featured with the downregulation of NAA, including energy metabolism dysfunctions, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Treatment with B-CA showed statistically significant rescue effects on the ischemic cortex of MCAO rats. Specifically, treatment with B-CA ameliorated the energy metabolism dysfunctions (back-regulating the levels of succinate, lactate, BCAAs, and carnitine), oxidative stress (upregulating the level of glutathione), and neurotransmitter metabolism disturbances (back-regulating the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine) associated with the progression of ischemic stroke. With the administration of B-CA, the levels of three phospholipid related metabolites (O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and NAA improved significantly. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with B-CA may provide neuroprotection by augmenting the metabolic changes observed in the cortex following MCAO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Shao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Min Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Mu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ru-Jun Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Hu L, Feng H, Zhang H, Yu S, Zhao Q, Wang W, Bao F, Ding X, Hu J, Wang M, Xu Y, Wu Z, Li X, Tang Y, Mao F, Chen X, Zhang H, Li J. Development of Novel N-hydroxypyridone Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemic Stroke Agents. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1051-1067. [PMID: 31910018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study had identified ciclopirox (CPX) as a promising lead compound for treatment of ischemic stroke. To find better neuroprotective agents, a series of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives based on CPX were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in this study. Among these derivatives, compound 11 exhibits significant neuroprotection against oxygen glucose deprivation and oxidative stress-induced injuries in neuronal cells. Moreover, compound 11 possesses good blood-brain barrier permeability and superior antioxidant capability. In addition, a complex of compound 11 with olamine-11·Ola possesses good water solubility, negligible hERG inhibition, and superior metabolic stability. The in vivo experiment demonstrates that 11·Ola significantly reduces brain infarction and alleviates neurological deficits in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Hence, compound 11·Ola is identified in our research as a prospective prototype in the innovation of stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Hongxuan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Songda Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qinyuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Fengxia Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiajing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Manjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yixiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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6
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Guan L, Guo S, Yip J, Elkin KB, Li F, Peng C, Geng X, Ding Y. Artificial Hibernation by Phenothiazines: A Potential Neuroprotective Therapy Against Cerebral Inflammation in Stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res 2019; 16:232-240. [DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190624122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The inflammatory response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in
stroke pathobiology and patient outcome. In the clinical setting, no effective pharmacologic treatments
are currently available. Phenothiazine drugs, such as chlorpromazine and promethazine,
(C+P) have been widely studied because of their ability to induce neuroprotection through artificial
hibernation after stroke. The present study determined their effect on the inflammatory response.
Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke treated
by C+P without temperature control and (4) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control (n=8
per group). To assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P, brain damage was measured using infarct
volume and neurological deficits. The expression of inflammatory response molecules tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular
cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated
B cells (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting
Results:
TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated,
and brain damage and neurological deficits were increased after stroke. These markers
of cerebral injury were significantly reduced following C+P administration under drug-induced
hypothermia, while C+P administration under normal body temperature reduced them by a lesser
degree.
Conclusion:
This study showed an inhibitory effect of C+P on brain inflammation, which may be
partially dependent on drug-induced hibernation, as well as other mechanisms of action by these
drugs. These findings further suggest the great potential of C+P in the clinical treatment of ischemic
stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Sichao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - James Yip
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States
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Nathaniel TI, Stewart B, Williams J, Hood M, Imeh-Nathaniel A. A new insight into the ability to resist Ischemic brain injury: Does hibernation matter?: An Editorial comment for 'Arctic ground squirrel hippocampus tolerates oxygen glucose deprivation independent of hibernation season even when not hibernating and after ATP depletion, acidosis and glutamate efflux'. J Neurochem 2017; 142:10-13. [PMID: 28542925 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Read the commented article 'Arctic ground squirrel hippocampus tolerates oxygen glucose deprivation independent of hibernation season even when not hibernating and after ATP depletion, acidosis and glutamate efflux' on doi: 10.1111/jnc.13996.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Stewart
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Jessica Williams
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Michael Hood
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
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Li JL, Wu L, Wu J, Feng HX, Wang HM, Fu Y, Zhang RJ, Zhang HY, Zhao WM. Caffeoyl Triterpenoid Esters as Potential Anti-ischemic Stroke Agents from Celastrus orbiculatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2774-2779. [PMID: 27791375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoids, celastrusins A-C (1-3), together with 3-O-caffeoyl-α-amyrin (4) were isolated from the root bark of Celastrus orbiculatus. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallography using Cu Kα radiation, and the comparison of both observed and reported spectroscopic data. An in vitro bioassay revealed that the caffeoyl triterpenoid esters 1, 3, and 4 possess neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced SH-SY5Y cell damage. Further animal studies indicated that compound 1 significantly reduced brain infarction after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats using a 10 mg/kg (i.v.) dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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9
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Anti-Inflammation of Natural Components from Medicinal Plants at Low Concentrations in Brain via Inhibiting Neutrophil Infiltration after Stroke. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9537901. [PMID: 27688603 PMCID: PMC5027307 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9537901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation after stroke consists of activation of microglia/astrocytes in situ and infiltration of blood-borne leukocytes, resulting in brain damage and neurological deficits. Mounting data demonstrated that most natural components from medicinal plants had anti-inflammatory effects after ischemic stroke through inhibiting activation of resident microglia/astrocytes within ischemic area. However, it is speculated that this classical activity cannot account for the anti-inflammatory function of these natural components in the cerebral parenchyma, where they are detected at very low concentrations due to their poor membrane permeability and slight leakage of BBB. Could these drugs exert anti-inflammatory effects peripherally without being delivered across the BBB? Factually, ameliorating blood-borne neutrophil recruitment in peripheral circulatory system has been proved to reduce ischemic damage and improve outcomes. Thus, it is concluded that if drugs could achieve effective concentrations in the cerebral parenchyma, they can function via crippling resident microglia/astrocytes activation and inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, whereas the latter will be dominating when these drugs localize in the brain at a low concentration. In this review, the availability of some natural components crossing the BBB in stroke will be discussed, and how these drugs lead to improvements in stroke through inhibition of neutrophil rolling, adhesion, and transmigration will be illustrated.
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