1
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Sande R, Godad A, Doshi G. Zebrafish Experimental Animal Models for AD: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:295-311. [PMID: 38284707 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328279684240104094257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AD disease (AD) is a multifaceted and intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and the excessive production and deposition of Aβ senile plaques. While transgenic AD models have been found instrumental in unravelling AD pathogenesis, they involve cost and time constraints during the preclinical phase. Zebrafish, owing to their simplicity, well-defined behavioural patterns, and relevance to neurodegenerative research, have emerged as a promising complementary model. Zebrafish possess glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways implicated in learning and memory, actively contributing to our understanding of neural transmission processes. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms by which various neurotoxic agents, including okadaic acid (OKA), cigarette smoke extract, metals, and transgenic zebrafish models with genetic similarities to AD patients, induce cognitive impairments and neuronal degeneration in mammalian systems. These insights may facilitate the identification of effective neurotoxic agents for replicating AD pathogenesis in the zebrafish brain. In this comprehensive review, the pivotal role of zebrafish models in advancing our comprehension of AD is emphasized. These models hold immense potential for shaping future research directions and clinical interventions, ultimately contributing to the development of novel AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksar Sande
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
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2
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Guna A, Page KR, Replogle JM, Esantsi TK, Wang ML, Weissman JS, Voorhees RM. A dual sgRNA library design to probe genetic modifiers using genome-wide CRISPRi screens. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:651. [PMID: 37904134 PMCID: PMC10614335 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping genetic interactions is essential for determining gene function and defining novel biological pathways. We report a simple to use CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) based platform, compatible with Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based reporter screens, to query epistatic relationships at scale. This is enabled by a flexible dual-sgRNA library design that allows for the simultaneous delivery and selection of a fixed sgRNA and a second randomized guide, comprised of a genome-wide library, with a single transduction. We use this approach to identify epistatic relationships for a defined biological pathway, showing both increased sensitivity and specificity than traditional growth screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Guna
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katharine R Page
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Theodore K Esantsi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Maxine L Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rebecca M Voorhees
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Freeman Hrabowski Scholar, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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3
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Guna A, Page KR, Replogle JM, Esantsi TK, Wang ML, Weissman JS, Voorhees RM. A dual sgRNA library design to probe genetic modifiers using genome-wide CRISPRi screens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525086. [PMID: 36711738 PMCID: PMC9882262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mapping genetic interactions is essential for determining gene function and defining novel biological pathways. We report a simple to use CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) based platform, compatible with Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based reporter screens, to query epistatic relationships at scale. This is enabled by a flexible dual-sgRNA library design that allows for the simultaneous delivery and selection of a fixed sgRNA and a second randomized guide, comprised of a genome-wide library, with a single transduction. We use this approach to identify epistatic relationships for a defined biological pathway, showing both increased sensitivity and specificity than traditional growth screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Guna
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katharine R Page
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Theodore K Esantsi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maxine L Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,02142, USA
| | - Rebecca M Voorhees
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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4
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Parrales-Macias V, Michel PP, Tourville A, Raisman-Vozari R, Haïk S, Hunot S, Bizat N, Lannuzel A. The Pesticide Chlordecone Promotes Parkinsonism-like Neurodegeneration with Tau Lesions in Midbrain Cultures and C. elegans Worms. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091336. [PMID: 37174736 PMCID: PMC10177284 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) that is currently banned but still contaminates ecosystems in the French Caribbean. Because OCPs are known to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we tested whether chronic low-level intoxication with CLD could reproduce certain key characteristics of Parkinsonism-like neurodegeneration. For that, we used culture systems of mouse midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and glial cells, together with the nematode C. elegans as an in vivo model organism. We established that CLD kills cultured DA neurons in a concentration- and time-dependent manner while exerting no direct proinflammatory effects on glial cells. DA cell loss was not impacted by the degree of maturation of the culture. The use of fluorogenic probes revealed that CLD neurotoxicity was the consequence of oxidative stress-mediated insults and mitochondrial disturbances. In C. elegans worms, CLD exposure caused a progressive loss of DA neurons associated with locomotor deficits secondary to alterations in food perception. L-DOPA, a molecule used for PD treatment, corrected these deficits. Cholinergic and serotoninergic neuronal cells were also affected by CLD in C. elegans, although to a lesser extent than DA neurons. Noticeably, CLD also promoted the phosphorylation of the aggregation-prone protein tau (but not of α-synuclein) both in midbrain cell cultures and in a transgenic C. elegans strain expressing a human form of tau in neurons. In summary, our data suggest that CLD is more likely to promote atypical forms of Parkinsonism characterized by tau pathology than classical synucleinopathy-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parrales-Macias
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Tourville
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hunot
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bizat
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Annie Lannuzel
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Service de Neurologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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5
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Costa I, Barbosa DJ, Silva V, Benfeito S, Borges F, Remião F, Silva R. Research Models to Study Ferroptosis's Impact in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051369. [PMID: 37242612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death promoted by the appearance of oxidative perturbations in the intracellular microenvironment constitutively controlled by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). It is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species, intracellular iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, inhibition of system Xc-, glutathione depletion, and decreased GPX4 activity. Several pieces of evidence support the involvement of ferroptosis in distinct neurodegenerative diseases. In vitro and in vivo models allow a reliable transition to clinical studies. Several in vitro models, including differentiated SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, among others, have been used to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of distinct neurodegenerative diseases, including ferroptosis. In addition, they can be useful in the development of potential ferroptosis inhibitors that can be used as disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of such diseases. On the other hand, in vivo models based on the manipulation of rodents and invertebrate animals, such as Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish, have been increasingly used for research in neurodegeneration. This work provides an up-to-date review of the main in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to evaluate ferroptosis in the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and to explore potential new drug targets and novel drug candidates for effective disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Oliveira AC, Santos M, Pinho M, Lopes CS. String/Cdc25 phosphatase is a suppressor of Tau-associated neurodegeneration. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286255. [PMID: 36601903 PMCID: PMC9903143 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology is defined by the intracellular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau (MAPT) and is prevalent in several neurodegenerative disorders. The identification of modulators of Tau abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation is key to understanding disease progression and developing targeted therapeutic approaches. In this study, we identified String (Stg)/Cdc25 phosphatase as a suppressor of abnormal Tau phosphorylation and associated toxicity. Using a Drosophila model of tauopathy, we showed that Tau dephosphorylation by Stg/Cdc25 correlates with reduced Tau oligomerization, brain vacuolization and locomotor deficits in flies. Moreover, using a disease mimetic model, we provided evidence that Stg/Cdc25 reduces Tau phosphorylation levels independently of Tau aggregation status and delays neurodegeneration progression in the fly. These findings uncover a role for Stg/Cdc25 phosphatases as regulators of Tau biology that extends beyond their well-characterized function as cell-cycle regulators during cell proliferation, and indicate Stg/Cdc25-based approaches as promising entry points to target abnormal Tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C. Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- PhD Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, ESS|P.PORTO, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Author for correspondence ()
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7
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Parrales-Macias V, Harfouche A, Ferrié L, Haïk S, Michel PP, Raisman-Vozari R, Figadère B, Bizat N, Maciuk A. Effects of a New Natural Catechol- O-methyl Transferase Inhibitor on Two In Vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3303-3313. [PMID: 36347018 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrahydroisoquinoline identified in Mucuna pruriens ((1R,3S)-6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, compound 4) was synthesized and assessed for its in vitro pharmacological profile and in vivo effects in two animal models of Parkinson's disease. Compound 4 inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with no affinity for the dopaminergic receptors or the dopamine transporter. It restores dopamine-mediated motor behavior when it is co-administered with L-DOPA to C. elegans worms with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-damaged dopaminergic neurons. In a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease, its co-administration at 30 mg/kg with L-DOPA enhances the effect of L-DOPA with an intensity similar to that of tolcapone 1 at 30 mg/kg but for a shorter duration. The effect is not dose-dependent. Compound 4 seems not to cross the blood-brain barrier and thus acts as a peripheral COMT inhibitor. COMT inhibition by compound 4 further validates the traditional use of M. pruriens for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and compound 4 can thus be considered as a promising drug candidate for the development of safe, peripheral COMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parrales-Macias
- Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Abha Harfouche
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Nicolas Bizat
- Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
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8
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Lange KW, Lange KM, Nakamura Y. Green tea, epigallocatechin gallate and the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: Clinical evidence. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Tello JA, Williams HE, Eppler RM, Steinhilb ML, Khanna M. Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Advances in Fly Highlight Innovative Approaches to Drug Discovery. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883358. [PMID: 35514431 PMCID: PMC9063566 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable challenge to global health. As advances in other areas of medicine grant healthy living into later decades of life, aging diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders can diminish the quality of these additional years, owed largely to the lack of efficacious treatments and the absence of durable cures. Alzheimer's disease prevalence is predicted to more than double in the next 30 years, affecting nearly 15 million Americans, with AD-associated costs exceeding $1 billion by 2050. Delaying onset of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases is critical to improving the quality of life for patients and reducing the burden of disease on caregivers and healthcare systems. Significant progress has been made to model disease pathogenesis and identify points of therapeutic intervention. While some researchers have contributed to our understanding of the proteins and pathways that drive biological dysfunction in disease using in vitro and in vivo models, others have provided mathematical, biophysical, and computational technologies to identify potential therapeutic compounds using in silico modeling. The most exciting phase of the drug discovery process is now: by applying a target-directed approach that leverages the strengths of multiple techniques and validates lead hits using Drosophila as an animal model of disease, we are on the fast-track to identifying novel therapeutics to restore health to those impacted by neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Tello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Haley E. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robert M. Eppler
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Michelle L. Steinhilb
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Kron NS, Fieber LA. Aplysia Neurons as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Genes and Differential Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:287-302. [PMID: 34664226 PMCID: PMC8840921 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the United States, development of therapeutics has proven difficult. Invertebrate alternatives to current mammalian AD models have been successfully employed to study the etiology of the molecular hallmarks of AD. The marine snail Aplysia californica offers a unique and underutilized system in which to study the physiological, behavioral, and molecular impacts of AD. Mapping of the Aplysia proteome to humans and cross-referencing with two databases of genes of interest in AD research identified 898 potential orthologs of interest in Aplysia. Included among these orthologs were alpha, beta and gamma secretases, amyloid-beta, and tau. Comparison of age-associated differential expression in Aplysia sensory neurons with that of late-onset AD in the frontal lobe identified 59 ortholog with concordant differential expression across data sets. The 21 concordantly upregulated genes suggested increased cellular stress and protein dyshomeostasis. The 47 concordantly downregulated genes included important components of diverse neuronal processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, synaptic signaling, Ca++ regulation, and cellular cargo transport. Compromised functions in these processes are known hallmarks of both human aging and AD, the ramifications of which are suggested to underpin cognitive declines in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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11
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Parrales V, Vasili E, González-Lizárraga F, König A, Lázaro DF, Lannuzel A, Haik S, Del Bel E, Chehín R, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP, Bizat N, Outeiro TF. Doxycycline inhibits α-synuclein-associated pathologies in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105256. [PMID: 33429042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn). Doxycycline, a tetracyclic antibiotic shows neuroprotective effects, initially proposed to be due to its anti-inflammatory properties. More recently, an additional mechanism by which doxycycline may exert its neuroprotective effects has been proposed as it has been shown that it inhibits amyloid aggregation. Here, we studied the effects of doxycycline on aSyn aggregation in vivo, in vitro and in a cell free system using real-time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuiC). Using H4, SH-SY5Y and HEK293 cells, we found that doxycycline decreases the number and size of aSyn aggregates in cells. In addition, doxycycline inhibits the aggregation and seeding of recombinant aSyn, and attenuates the production of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species. Finally, we found that doxycycline induces a cellular redistribution of aggregates in a C.elegans animal model of PD, an effect that is associated with a recovery of dopaminergic function. In summary, we provide strong evidence that doxycycline treatment may be an effective strategy against synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Parrales
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annie Lannuzel
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Neurology Department, route de Chauvel, 97139 Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Stéphane Haik
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av do Café s/n, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Argentina
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bizat
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris University, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris F-75006, France.
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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12
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Kuan PF, Clouston S, Yang X, Kotov R, Bromet E, Luft BJ. Molecular linkage between post-traumatic stress disorder and cognitive impairment: a targeted proteomics study of World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:269. [PMID: 32753605 PMCID: PMC7403297 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing work on proteomics has found common biomarkers that are altered in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study expands our understanding of these biomarkers by profiling 276 plasma proteins with known involvement in neurobiological processes using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Platform in individuals with both PTSD and MCI compared to either disorder alone and with unaffected controls. Participants were World Trade Center (WTC) responders recruited through the Stony Brook WTC Health Program. PTSD and MCI were measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Compared with unaffected controls, we identified 16 proteins associated with comorbid PTSD-MCI at P < 0.05 (six at FDR < 0.1), 20 proteins associated with PTSD only (two at FDR < 0.1), and 24 proteins associated with MCI only (one at FDR < 0.1), for a total of 50 proteins. The multiprotein composite score achieved AUCs of 0.84, 0.77, and 0.83 for PTSD-MCI, PTSD only, and MCI only versus unaffected controls, respectively. To our knowledge, the current study is the largest to profile a large set of proteins involved in neurobiological processes. The significant associations across the three case-group analyses suggest that shared biological mechanisms may be involved in the two disorders. If findings from the multiprotein composite score are replicated in independent samples, it has the potential to add a new tool to help classify both PTSD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sean Clouston
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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13
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Feuillette S, Charbonnier C, Frebourg T, Campion D, Lecourtois M. A Connected Network of Interacting Proteins Is Involved in Human-Tau Toxicity in Drosophila. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:68. [PMID: 32116515 PMCID: PMC7026268 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of aggregates of abnormally phosphorylated Tau. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead from the alteration of Tau biology to neuronal death depends on the identification of Tau cellular partners. Combining genetic and transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila, we identified 77 new modulators of human Tau-induced toxicity, bringing to 301 the number of Tau genetic interactors identified so far in flies. Network analysis showed that 229 of these genetic modulators constitute a connected network. The addition of 77 new genes strengthened the network structure, increased the intergenic connectivity and brought up key hubs with high connectivities, namely Src64B/FYN, Src42A/FRK, kuz/ADAM10, heph/PTBP1, scrib/SCRIB, and Cam/CALM3. Interestingly, we established for the first time a genetic link between Tau-induced toxicity and ADAM10, a recognized Alzheimer Disease protective factor. In addition, our data support the importance of the presynaptic compartment in mediating Tau toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Feuillette
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.,Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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14
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Sinis SI, Gourgoulianis KI, Hatzoglou C, Zarogiannis SG. Mechanisms of engineered nanoparticle induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:29-34. [PMID: 30710828 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wide-spread implementation of nanoparticles poses a major health concern. Unique biokinetics allow them to transfer to neurons throughout the body and inflict neurotoxicity, which is challenging to evaluate solely in mammalian experimental models due to logistics, financial and ethical limitations. In recent years, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a promising nanotoxicology experimental surrogate due to characteristics such as ease of culture, short life cycle and high number of progeny. Most importantly, this model organism has a well conserved and fully described nervous system rendering it ideal for use in neurotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles. In that context, this mini review aims to summarize the main mechanistic findings on nanoparticle related neurotoxicity in the setting of Caenorhabditis elegans screening. The injury pathway primarily involves changes in intestinal permeability and defecation frequency both of which facilitate translocation at the site of neurons, where toxicity formation is linked partly to oxidative stress and perturbed neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios I Sinis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
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15
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Tau Interacting Proteins: Gaining Insight into the Roles of Tau in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:145-166. [PMID: 32096036 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tau is most intensely studied in relation to its executive role in Tauopathies, a family of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of Tau aggregates [15, 21, 38, 75, 89, 111, 121, 135, 175, 176, 192]. Tau aggregation in the different Tauopathies differs in the affected cell type, the structure of aggregates and Tau isoform composition. However, in all Tauopathies, accumulation of pathological Tau in well-characterized and well-defined brain regions, correlates strongly with symptoms associated with the dysfunction of this brain region. Hence, symptoms of neurodegenerative Tauopathies can range from motoric to cognitive and behavioral symptoms, even extending to deterioration of vital functions when the disease progresses, or combinations of different symptoms governed by the affected brain regions. The most common Tauopathies are corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal dementias with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). However a growing number of diseases are characterized by Tau aggregation amounting to a large family of more than 20 disorders [176]. Most Tauopathies are sporadic, and are hence linked to a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. However, mutations in MAPT have been identified which are autosomal dominantly linked to Tauopathies, including FTDP, PSP and CBD [94, 163, 185] (Alzforum, https://www.alzforum.org/mutations/mapt ). More than 80 mutations have been identified in MAPT, both in intronic and exonic regions of the human MAPT. These mutations can be classified as missense mutations or splicing mutations. Most missense mutations cluster in or near the microtubule binding site of Tau, while most splicing mutations affect the splicing of exon 10 (encoding the R2 domain), and hence affect the 3R/4R ratio. While Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most prevalent Tauopathy, no mutations in MAPT associated with AD have been identified. Brains of AD patients are pathologically characterized by the combined presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles [171]. Familial forms of AD, termed early onset familial AD (EOFAD) with clinical mutations in APP or PS1/2, have an early onset, and are invariably characterized by the combined presence of amyloid and Tau pathology [24, 80, 170]. These EOFAD cases, identify a causal link between APP/PS1 misprocessing and the development of Tau pathology and neurodegeneration [80, 170]. Furthermore, combined genetic, pathological, biomarker and in vivo modelling data, indicate that amyloid pathology precedes Tau pathology, and support a role for Aβ as initiator and Tau as executor in the pathogenetic process of AD [80, 96, 97]. Hence, AD is often considered as a secondary Tauopathy (similar as for Down syndrome patients), in contrast to the primary Tauopathies described above. Tau aggregates in Tauopathies vary with respect to the ratio of different Tau isoforms (3R/4R), to the cell types displaying Tau aggregation and the structure of the aggregates. However, in all Tauopathies a strong correlation between progressive development of pathological Tau accumulation and the loss of the respective brain functions is observed.
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16
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Madhivanan K, Greiner ER, Alves-Ferreira M, Soriano-Castell D, Rouzbeh N, Aguirre CA, Paulsson JF, Chapman J, Jiang X, Ooi FK, Lemos C, Dillin A, Prahlad V, Kelly JW, Encalada SE. Cellular clearance of circulating transthyretin decreases cell-nonautonomous proteotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7710-E7719. [PMID: 30061394 PMCID: PMC6099907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous mechanisms of neurodegeneration appear to occur in the proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, how neuronal toxicity is generated from misfolding-prone proteins secreted by nonneuronal tissues and whether modulating protein aggregate levels at distal locales affects the degeneration of postmitotic neurons remains unknown. We generated and characterized animal models of the transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses that faithfully recapitulate cell-nonautonomous neuronal proteotoxicity by expressing human TTR in the Caenorhabditis elegans muscle. We identified sensory neurons with affected morphological and behavioral nociception-sensing impairments. Nonnative TTR oligomer load and neurotoxicity increased following inhibition of TTR degradation in distal macrophage-like nonaffected cells. Moreover, reducing TTR levels by RNAi or by kinetically stabilizing natively folded TTR pharmacologically decreased TTR aggregate load and attenuated neuronal dysfunction. These findings reveal a critical role for in trans modulation of aggregation-prone degradation that directly affects postmitotic tissue degeneration observed in the proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Madhivanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erin R Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Miguel Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Carlos A Aguirre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Johan F Paulsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Misfolding Diagnostics, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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17
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Abstract
Numerous approaches have been taken in the hunt for human disease genes. The identification of such genes not only provides a great deal of information about the mechanism of disease development, but also provides potential avenues for better diagnosis and treatment. In this chapter, we review the use of the nonmammalian model organism C. elegans for the identification of human disease genes. Studies utilizing this relatively simple organism offer a good balance between the ability to recapitulate many aspects of human disease, while still offering an abundance of powerful cell biological, genetic, and genomic tools for disease gene discovery. C. elegans and other nonmammalian models have produced, and will continue to produce, key insights into human disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Apfeld
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott Alper
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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18
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Borgen MA, Wang D, Grill B. RPM-1 regulates axon termination by affecting growth cone collapse and microtubule stability. Development 2017; 144:4658-4672. [PMID: 29084805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Axon termination is essential for efficient and accurate nervous system construction. At present, relatively little is known about how growth cone collapse occurs prior to axon termination in vivo Using the mechanosensory neurons of C. elegans, we found collapse prior to axon termination is protracted, with the growth cone transitioning from a dynamic to a static state. Growth cone collapse prior to termination is facilitated by the signaling hub RPM-1. Given the prominence of the cytoskeleton in growth cone collapse, we assessed the relationship between RPM-1 and regulators of actin dynamics and microtubule stability. Our results reveal several important findings about how axon termination is orchestrated: (1) RPM-1 functions in parallel to RHO-1 and CRMP/UNC-33, but is suppressed by the Rac isoform MIG-2; (2) RPM-1 opposes the function of microtubule stabilizers, including tubulin acetyltransferases; and (3) genetic epistasis suggests the microtubule-stabilizing protein Tau/PTL-1 potentially inhibits RPM-1. These findings provide insight into how growth cone collapse is regulated during axon termination in vivo, and suggest that RPM-1 signaling destabilizes microtubules to facilitate growth cone collapse and axon termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Borgen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brock Grill
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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19
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Dräger NM, Nachman E, Winterhoff M, Brühmann S, Shah P, Katsinelos T, Boulant S, Teleman AA, Faix J, Jahn TR. Bin1 directly remodels actin dynamics through its BAR domain. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2051-2066. [PMID: 28893863 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic processes are facilitated by both curvature-generating BAR-domain proteins and the coordinated polymerization of actin filaments. Under physiological conditions, the N-BAR protein Bin1 has been shown to sense and curve membranes in a variety of cellular processes. Recent studies have identified Bin1 as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, although its possible pathological function in neurodegeneration is currently unknown. Here, we report that Bin1 not only shapes membranes, but is also directly involved in actin binding through its BAR domain. We observed a moderate actin bundling activity by human Bin1 and describe its ability to stabilize actin filaments against depolymerization. Moreover, Bin1 is also involved in stabilizing tau-induced actin bundles, which are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. We also provide evidence for this effect in vivo, where we observed that downregulation of Bin1 in a Drosophila model of tauopathy significantly reduces the appearance of tau-induced actin inclusions. Together, these findings reveal the ability of Bin1 to modify actin dynamics and provide a possible mechanistic connection between Bin1 and tau-induced pathobiological changes of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Dräger
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Nachman
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Winterhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Brühmann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pranav Shah
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellular polarity and viral infection (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellular polarity and viral infection (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism (B140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas R Jahn
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Abstract
This commentary will focus on how we can use our knowledge about the complexity of human disease and its pathogenesis to identify novel approaches to therapy. We know that even for single gene Mendelian disorders, patients with identical mutations often have different presentations and outcomes. This lack of genotype-phenotype correlation led us and others to examine the roles of modifier genes in the context of biological networks. These investigations have utilized vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Since one of the goals of research on modifier genes and networks is to identify novel therapeutic targets, the challenges to patient access and compliance because of the high costs of medications for rare genetic diseases must be recognized. A recent article explored protective modifiers, including plastin 3 (PLS3) and coronin 1C (CORO1C), in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA is an autosomal recessive deficit of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) caused by mutations in SMN1. However, the severity of SMA is determined primarily by the number of SMN2 copies, and this results in significant phenotypic variability. PLS3 was upregulated in siblings who were asymptomatic compared with those who had SMA2 or SMA3, but identical homozygous SMN1 deletions and equal numbers of SMN2 copies. CORO1C was identified by interrogation of the PLS3 interactome. Overexpression of these proteins rescued endocytosis in SMA models. In addition, antisense RNA for upregulation of SMN2 protein expression is being developed as another way of modifying the SMA phenotype. These investigations suggest the practical application of protective modifiers to rescue SMA phenotypes. Other examples of the potential therapeutic value of novel protective modifiers will be discussed, including in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency. This work shows that while we live in an exciting era of genomic sequencing, a functional understanding of biology, the impact of its disruption, and possibilities for its repair have never been more important as we search for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R B McCabe
- March of Dimes Foundation, United States; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States.
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21
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Fernius J, Starkenberg A, Pokrzywa M, Thor S. Human TTBK1, TTBK2 and MARK1 kinase toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster is exacerbated by co-expression of human Tau. Biol Open 2017; 6:1013-1023. [PMID: 28711868 PMCID: PMC5550906 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is involved in numerous human neurodegenerative diseases, and Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been linked to Tau aggregation and toxicity. Previous studies have addressed toxicity and phospho-biology of human Tau (hTau) in Drosophila melanogaster. However, hTau transgenes have most often been randomly inserted in the genome, thus making it difficult to compare between different hTau isoforms and phospho-mutants. In addition, many studies have expressed hTau also in mitotic cells, causing non-physiological toxic effects. Here, we overcome these confounds by integrating UAS-hTau isoform transgenes into specific genomic loci, and express hTau post-mitotically in the Drosophila nervous system. Lifespan and locomotor analyses show that all six of the hTau isoforms elicit similar toxicity in flies, although hTau2N3R showed somewhat elevated toxicity. To determine if Tau phosphorylation is responsible for toxicity, we analyzed the effects of co-expressing hTau isoforms together with Tau-kinases, focusing on TTBK1, TTBK2 and MARK1. We observed toxicity when expressing each of the three kinases alone, or in combination. Kinase toxicity was enhanced by hTau co-expression, with strongest co-toxicity for TTBK1. Mutagenesis and phosphorylation analysis indicates that hTau-MARK1 combinatorial toxicity may be due to direct phosphorylation of hTau, while hTau-TTBK1/2 combinatorial toxicity may result from independent toxicity mechanisms. Summary: Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been linked to toxicity, but the Tau isoforms, kinases and residues remain unclear. Using the Drosophila model, we find evidence for involvement of TTBK and MARK kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Fernius
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping SE-581 85, Sweden
| | - Annika Starkenberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping SE-581 85, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Pokrzywa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping SE-581 85, Sweden
| | - Stefan Thor
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping SE-581 85, Sweden
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22
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Drummond E, Wisniewski T. Alzheimer's disease: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:155-175. [PMID: 28025715 PMCID: PMC5253109 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are critical to gaining a better understanding of pathogenesis and to assess the potential of novel therapeutic approaches. The most commonly used experimental animal models are transgenic mice that overexpress human genes associated with familial AD (FAD) that result in the formation of amyloid plaques. However, AD is defined by the presence and interplay of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. The track record of success in AD clinical trials thus far has been very poor. In part, this high failure rate has been related to the premature translation of highly successful results in animal models that mirror only limited aspects of AD pathology to humans. A greater understanding of the strengths and weakness of each of the various models and the use of more than one model to evaluate potential therapies would help enhance the success of therapy translation from preclinical studies to patients. In this review, we summarize the pathological features and limitations of the major experimental models of AD, including transgenic mice, transgenic rats, various physiological models of sporadic AD and in vitro human cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Drummond
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria ERSP, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria ERSP, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Risley MG, Kelly SP, Jia K, Grill B, Dawson-Scully K. Modulating Behavior in C. elegans Using Electroshock and Antiepileptic Drugs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163786. [PMID: 27668426 PMCID: PMC5036823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microscopic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a valuable model for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of neurological disorders. The worm offers important physiological similarities to mammalian models such as conserved neuron morphology, ion channels, and neurotransmitters. While a wide-array of behavioral assays are available in C. elegans, an assay for electroshock/electroconvulsion remains absent. Here, we have developed a quantitative behavioral method to assess the locomotor response following electric shock in C. elegans. Electric shock impairs normal locomotion, and induces paralysis and muscle twitching; after a brief recovery period, shocked animals resume normal locomotion. We tested electric shock responses in loss-of-function mutants for unc-25, which encodes the GABA biosynthetic enzyme GAD, and unc-49, which encodes the GABAA receptor. unc-25 and unc-49 mutants have decreased inhibitory GABAergic transmission to muscles, and take significantly more time to recover normal locomotion following electric shock compared to wild-type. Importantly, increased sensitivity of unc-25 and unc-49 mutants to electric shock is rescued by treatment with antiepileptic drugs, such as retigabine. Additionally, we show that pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a GABAA receptor antagonist and proconvulsant in mammalian and C. elegans seizure models, increases susceptibility of worms to electric shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G. Risley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie P. Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kailiang Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brock Grill
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grüner BM, Schulze CJ, Yang D, Ogasawara D, Dix MM, Rogers ZN, Chuang CH, McFarland CD, Chiou SH, Brown JM, Cravatt BF, Bogyo M, Winslow MM. An in vivo multiplexed small-molecule screening platform. Nat Methods 2016; 13:883-889. [PMID: 27617390 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotype-based small-molecule screening is a powerful method to identify molecules that regulate cellular functions. However, such screens are generally performed in vitro under conditions that do not necessarily model complex physiological conditions or disease states. Here, we use molecular cell barcoding to enable direct in vivo phenotypic screening of small-molecule libraries. The multiplexed nature of this approach allows rapid in vivo analysis of hundreds to thousands of compounds. Using this platform, we screened >700 covalent inhibitors directed toward hydrolases for their effect on pancreatic cancer metastatic seeding. We identified multiple hits and confirmed the relevant target of one compound as the lipase ABHD6. Pharmacological and genetic studies confirmed the role of this enzyme as a regulator of metastatic fitness. Our results highlight the applicability of this multiplexed screening platform for investigating complex processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa M Dix
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zoë N Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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