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Zhang H, Chen H, Zhang J, Wang K, Huang B, Wang Z. The role of MrUbp4, a deubiquitinase, in conidial yield, thermotolerance, and virulence in Metarhizium robertsii. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108111. [PMID: 38631560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes, regulate ubiquitin homeostasis and play diverse roles in eukaryotes. Ubp4 is essential for the growth, development, and pathogenicity of various fungal pathogens. However, its functions in the growth, stress responses, and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi remain unclear. In this study, we elucidated the role of the homolog of Ubp4, MrUbp4, in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. Deletion of MrUbp4 led to a notable increase in ubiquitination levels, demonstrating the involvement of MrUbp4 in protein deubiquitination. Furthermore, the ΔMrUbp4 mutant displayed a significant reduction in conidial yield, underscoring the pivotal role of MrUbp4 in conidiation. Additionally, the mutant exhibited heightened resistance to conidial heat treatment, emphasizing the role of MrUbp4 in thermotolerance. Notably, insect bioassays unveiled a substantial impairment in the virulence of the ΔMrUbp4 mutant. This was accompanied by a notable decrease in cuticle penetration ability and appressorium formation upon further analysis. In summary, our findings highlight the essential role of MrUbp4 in regulating the conidial yield, thermotolerance, and contributions to the virulence of M. robertsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhangxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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2
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Touitou Y, Cermakian N, Touitou C. The environment and the internal clocks: The study of their relationships from prehistoric to modern times. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:859-887. [PMID: 38757600 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2353857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of biological rhythms goes back to the very beginning of life. They are observed in the animal and plant world at all levels of organization, from cells to ecosystems. As early as the 18th century, plant scientists were the first to explain the relationship between flowering cycles and environmental cycles, emphasizing the importance of daily light-dark cycles and the seasons. Our temporal structure is controlled by external and internal rhythmic signals. Light is the main synchronizer of the circadian system, as daily exposure to light entrains our clock over 24 hours, the endogenous period of the circadian system being close to, but not exactly, 24 hours. In 1960, a seminal scientific meeting, the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Rhythms, brought together all the biological rhythms scientists of the time, a number of whom are considered the founders of modern chronobiology. All aspects of biological rhythms were addressed, from the properties of circadian rhythms to their practical and ecological aspects. Birth of chronobiology dates from this period, with the definition of its vocabulary and specificities in metabolism, photoperiodism, animal physiology, etc. At around the same time, and right up to the present day, research has focused on melatonin, the circadian neurohormone of the pineal gland, with data on its pattern, metabolism, control by light and clinical applications. However, light has a double face, as it has positive effects as a circadian clock entraining agent, but also deleterious effects, as it can lead to chronodisruption when exposed chronically at night, which can increase the risk of cancer and other diseases. Finally, research over the past few decades has unraveled the anatomical location of circadian clocks and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. This recent research has in turn allowed us to explain how circadian rhythms control physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Zhang H, Zhou Z, Guo J. The Function, Regulation, and Mechanism of Protein Turnover in Circadian Systems in Neurospora and Other Species. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2574. [PMID: 38473819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks drive a large array of physiological and behavioral activities. At the molecular level, circadian clocks are composed of positive and negative elements that form core oscillators generating the basic circadian rhythms. Over the course of the circadian period, circadian negative proteins undergo progressive hyperphosphorylation and eventually degrade, and their stability is finely controlled by complex post-translational pathways, including protein modifications, genetic codon preference, protein-protein interactions, chaperon-dependent conformation maintenance, degradation, etc. The effects of phosphorylation on the stability of circadian clock proteins are crucial for precisely determining protein function and turnover, and it has been proposed that the phosphorylation of core circadian clock proteins is tightly correlated with the circadian period. Nonetheless, recent studies have challenged this view. In this review, we summarize the research progress regarding the function, regulation, and mechanism of protein stability in the circadian clock systems of multiple model organisms, with an emphasis on Neurospora crassa, in which circadian mechanisms have been extensively investigated. Elucidation of the highly complex and dynamic regulation of protein stability in circadian clock networks would greatly benefit the integrated understanding of the function, regulation, and mechanism of protein stability in a wide spectrum of other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zengxuan Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinhu Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Gao Y, Xu H, Jia B, Liu Y, Hassan A, Huang Q. Circadian Rhythms of Locomotor Activity Mediated by Cryptochrome 2 and Period 1 Genes in the Termites Reticulitermes chinensis and Odontotermes formosanus. INSECTS 2023; 15:1. [PMID: 38276815 PMCID: PMC10816429 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Locomotor activity rhythms are crucial for foraging, mating and predator avoidance in insects. Although the circadian rhythms of activity have been studied in several termite species, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms in termites are still unclear. In this study, we found that two termite species, R. chinensis and O. formosanus, exhibited clear circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in constant darkness along with rhythmically expressed core clock genes, Cry2 and Per1. The knockdown of Cry2 or Per1 expression in the two termite species disrupted the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and markedly reduced locomotor activity in constant darkness, which demonstrates that Cry2 and Per1 can mediate the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in termites in constant darkness. We suggest that locomotor activity in subterranean termites is controlled by the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Gao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
- Research and Development Centre of Ecological and Sustainable Application of Microbial Industry of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Key Laboratory of Termite Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
- Research and Development Centre of Ecological and Sustainable Application of Microbial Industry of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Key Laboratory of Termite Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bao Jia
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Yutong Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Ali Hassan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Qiuying Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (H.X.); (B.J.); (Y.L.); (A.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Termite Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Graham CA, Paajanen P, Edwards KJ, Dodd AN. Genome-wide circadian gating of a cold temperature response in bread wheat. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010947. [PMID: 37721961 PMCID: PMC10538658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms coordinate the responses of organisms with their daily fluctuating environments, by establishing a temporal program of gene expression. This schedules aspects of metabolism, physiology, development and behaviour according to the time of day. Circadian regulation in plants is extremely pervasive, and is important because it underpins both productivity and seasonal reproduction. Circadian regulation extends to the control of environmental responses through a regulatory process known as circadian gating. Circadian gating is the process whereby the circadian clock regulates the response to an environmental cue, such that the magnitude of response to an identical cue varies according to the time of day of the cue. Here, we show that there is genome-wide circadian gating of responses to cold temperatures in plants. By using bread wheat as an experimental model, we establish that circadian gating is crucial to the programs of gene expression that underlie the environmental responses of a crop of major socioeconomic importance. Furthermore, we identify that circadian gating of cold temperature responses are distributed unevenly across the three wheat subgenomes, which might reflect the geographical origins of the ancestors of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A. Graham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pirita Paajanen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Keith J. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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6
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de Assis LVM, Demir M, Oster H. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Disrupts Diurnal Liver Transcriptome Rhythms in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:341-354. [PMID: 37270062 PMCID: PMC10444956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver ensures organismal homeostasis through modulation of physiological functions over the course of the day. How liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affect daily transcriptome rhythms in the liver remains elusive. METHODS To start closing this gap, we evaluated the impact of NASH on the diurnal regulation of the liver transcriptome in mice. In addition, we investigated how stringent consideration of circadian rhythmicity affects the outcomes of NASH transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Comparative rhythm analysis of the liver transcriptome from diet-induced NASH and control mice showed an almost 3-hour phase advance in global gene expression rhythms. Rhythmically expressed genes associated with DNA repair and cell-cycle regulation showed increased overall expression and circadian amplitude. In contrast, lipid and glucose metabolism-associated genes showed loss of circadian amplitude, reduced overall expression, and phase advances in NASH livers. Comparison of NASH-induced liver transcriptome responses between published studies showed little overlap (12%) in differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, by controlling for sampling time and using circadian analytical tools, a 7-fold increase in DEG detection was achieved compared with methods without time control. CONCLUSIONS NASH had a strong effect on circadian liver transcriptome rhythms with phase- and amplitude-specific effects for key metabolic and cell repair pathways, respectively. Accounting for circadian rhythms in NASH transcriptome studies markedly improves DEG detection and enhances reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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7
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Qin Y, Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Guo DY, Chen MN, Li X, Yuan FL. Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for bone loss. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114019. [PMID: 36423544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates many key physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone release, cardiovascular health, glucose metabolism and body temperature. Recent evidence has suggested a critical role of the circadian system in controlling bone metabolism. Here we review the connection between bone metabolism and the biological clock, and the roles of these mechanisms in bone loss. We also analyze the regulatory effects of clock-related genes on signaling pathways and transcription factors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Additionally, osteocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) regulated by the circadian clock are also discussed in our review. Furthermore, we also summarize the regulation of circadian clock genes by some novel modulators, which provides us with a new insight into a potential strategy to prevent and treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis by targeting circadian genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China.
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Lim JY, Kim E, Douglas CM, Wirianto M, Han C, Ono K, Kim SY, Ji JH, Tran CK, Chen Z, Esser KA, Yoo SH. The circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 regulates myoblast differentiation and sarcomere architecture via MYOZ1 ubiquitination and NFAT signaling. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010574. [PMID: 36574402 PMCID: PMC9829178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous molecular and physiological processes in the skeletal muscle undergo circadian time-dependent oscillations in accordance with daily activity/rest cycles. The circadian regulatory mechanisms underlying these cyclic processes, especially at the post-transcriptional level, are not well defined. Previously, we reported that the circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 mediates rhythmic degradation of the sarcomere protein TCAP in conjunction with GSK-3β, and Psttm mice harboring an Fbxl21 hypomorph allele show reduced muscle fiber diameter and impaired muscle function. To further elucidate the regulatory function of FBXL21 in skeletal muscle, we investigated another sarcomere protein, Myozenin1 (MYOZ1), that we identified as an FBXL21-binding protein from yeast 2-hybrid screening. We show that FBXL21 binding to MYOZ1 led to ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. GSK-3β co-expression and inhibition were found to accelerate and decelerate FBXL21-mediated MYOZ1 degradation, respectively. Previously, MYOZ1 has been shown to inhibit calcineurin/NFAT signaling important for muscle differentiation. In accordance, Fbxl21 KO and MyoZ1 KO in C2C12 cells impaired and enhanced myogenic differentiation respectively compared with control C2C12 cells, concomitant with distinct effects on NFAT nuclear localization and NFAT target gene expression. Importantly, in Psttm mice, both the levels and diurnal rhythm of NFAT2 nuclear localization were significantly diminished relative to wild-type mice, and circadian expression of NFAT target genes associated with muscle differentiation was also markedly dampened. Furthermore, Psttm mice exhibited significant disruption of sarcomere structure with a considerable excess of MYOZ1 accumulation in the Z-line. Taken together, our study illustrates a pivotal role of FBXL21 in sarcomere structure and muscle differentiation by regulating MYOZ1 degradation and NFAT2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chorong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaori Ono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Justin H. Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Celia K. Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Chen Z, Song M, Wang T, Gao J, Lin F, Dai H, Zhang C. Role of circRNA in E3 Modification under Human Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091320. [PMID: 36139159 PMCID: PMC9496110 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is often regarded as a special kind of non-coding RNA, involved in the regulation mechanism of various diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, and inflammation. In a broad spectrum of biological processes, the modification of the 76-amino acid ubiquitin protein generates a large number of signals with different cellular results. Each modification may change the result of signal transduction and participate in the occurrence and development of diseases. Studies have found that circRNA-mediated ubiquitination plays an important role in a variety of diseases. This review first introduces the characteristics of circRNA and ubiquitination and summarizes the mechanism of circRNA in the regulation of ubiquitination in various diseases. It is hoped that the emergence of circRNA-mediated ubiquitination can broaden the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minkai Song
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiawen Gao
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Hospital Office, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Hospital Office, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Hospital Office, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (C.Z.)
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10
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Liu X, Chiu JC. Nutrient-sensitive protein O-GlcNAcylation shapes daily biological rhythms. Open Biol 2022; 12:220215. [PMID: 36099933 PMCID: PMC9470261 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-sensitive protein modification that alters the structure and function of a wide range of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Similar to phosphorylation, another protein modification that targets serine and threonine residues, O-GlcNAcylation occupancy on cellular proteins exhibits daily rhythmicity and has been shown to play critical roles in regulating daily rhythms in biology by modifying circadian clock proteins and downstream effectors. We recently reported that daily rhythm in global O-GlcNAcylation observed in Drosophila tissues is regulated via the integration of circadian and metabolic signals. Significantly, mistimed feeding, which disrupts coordination of these signals, is sufficient to dampen daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm and is predicted to negatively impact animal biological rhythms and health span. In this review, we provide an overview of published and potential mechanisms by which metabolic and circadian signals regulate hexosamine biosynthetic pathway metabolites and enzymes, as well as O-GlcNAc processing enzymes to shape daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms. We also discuss the significance of functional interactions between O-GlcNAcylation and other post-translational modifications in regulating biological rhythms. Finally, we highlight organ/tissue-specific cellular processes and molecular pathways that could be modulated by rhythmic O-GlcNAcylation to regulate time-of-day-specific biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanna C. Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Wang Z, Chen H, Li H, Chen H, Huang B. The Deubiquitinating Enzyme MrUbp14 Is Involved in Conidiation, Stress Response, and Pathogenicity in Metarhizium robertsii. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:896466. [PMID: 37746165 PMCID: PMC10512391 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.896466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination, which is involved in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells, is a reversible modification of proteins. Deubiquitinases can maintain ubiquitin homeostasis by removing ubiquitin or modulating protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Metarhizium robertsii, an entomopathogenic fungus, has become a model fungus for investigating the interactions between insects and fungal pathogens. To explore the possible effects of the deubiquitination process on the development, stress response, and virulence of M. robertsii, disruption of MrUbp14 (an ortholog of the yeast ubiquitin-specific protease gene, Ubp14) was performed. The results of this study showed that the deletion of MrUbp14 led to accelerated conidial germination, reduced conidial yields, and decreased expression levels of some genes involved in conidiation. Furthermore, the MrUbp14 mutant (ΔMrUbp14) exhibited decreased tolerance to cell wall-damaging stressors (Congo red and SDS) and heat stress. Importantly, the results of the bioassay demonstrated that the fungal virulence of the ΔMrUbp14 strain was largely reduced in cuticle infection, but not in direct injection, which was accompanied by a significant decline in appressorium formation and cuticle penetration. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the disruption of MrUbp14 resulted in significantly increased ubiquitination levels of total protein, suggesting that MrUbp14 acts as a deubiquitinating enzyme in M. robertsii. In summary, our phenotypic changes in the gene disruption mutants suggest that MrUbp14 is important for conidiation, stress response, and fungal virulence in M. robertsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanyuan Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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12
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Liu N, Ling R, Tang X, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Chen D. Post-Translational Modifications of BRD4: Therapeutic Targets for Tumor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847701. [PMID: 35402244 PMCID: PMC8993501 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family, is considered to be a major driver of cancer cell growth and a new target for cancer therapy. Over 30 targeted inhibitors currently in preclinical and clinical trials have significant inhibitory effects on various tumors, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), diffuse large B cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer and so on. However, resistance frequently occurs, revealing the limitations of BET inhibitor (BETi) therapy and the complexity of the BRD4 expression mechanism and action pathway. Current studies believe that when the internal and external environmental conditions of cells change, tumor cells can directly modify proteins by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) without changing the original DNA sequence to change their functions, and epigenetic modifications can also be activated to form new heritable phenotypes in response to various environmental stresses. In fact, research is constantly being supplemented with regards to that the regulatory role of BRD4 in tumors is closely related to PTMs. At present, the PTMs of BRD4 mainly include ubiquitination and phosphorylation; the former mainly regulates the stability of the BRD4 protein and mediates BETi resistance, while the latter is related to the biological functions of BRD4, such as transcriptional regulation, cofactor recruitment, chromatin binding and so on. At the same time, other PTMs, such as hydroxylation, acetylation and methylation, also play various roles in BRD4 regulation. The diversity, complexity and reversibility of posttranslational modifications affect the structure, stability and biological function of the BRD4 protein and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating the expression of tumor-related genes and even become the core and undeniable mechanism. Therefore, targeting BRD4-related modification sites or enzymes may be an effective strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the role of different BRD4 modification types, elucidates the pathogenesis in the corresponding cancers, provides a theoretical reference for identifying new targets and effective combination therapy strategies, and discusses the opportunities, barriers, and limitations of PTM-based therapies for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deyu Chen
- *Correspondence: Deyu Chen, ; Yuepeng Zhou,
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13
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Endogenous functioning and light response of the retinal clock in vertebrates. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:49-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Carvalho Cabral P, Tekade K, Stegeman SK, Olivier M, Cermakian N. The involvement of host circadian clocks in the regulation of the immune response to parasitic infections in mammals. Parasite Immunol 2021; 44:e12903. [PMID: 34964129 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are recurring variations of physiology with a period of ~24 hours, generated by circadian clocks located throughout the body. Studies have shown a circadian regulation of many aspects of immunity. Immune cells have intrinsic clock mechanisms, and innate and adaptive immune responses - such as leukocyte migration, magnitude of inflammation, cytokine production and cell differentiation - are under circadian control. This circadian regulation has consequences for infections including parasitic infections. In the context of Leishmania infection, the circadian clock within host immune cells modulates the magnitude of the infection and the inflammatory response triggered by the parasite. As for malaria, rhythms within the immune system were shown to impact the developmental cycles of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells. Further, host circadian rhythms impact infections by multicellular parasites; for example, infection with helminth Trichuris muris shows different kinetics of worm expulsion depending on time of day of infection, a variation that depends on the dendritic cell clock. Although the research on the circadian control of immunity in the context of parasitic infections is in its infancy, the research reviewed here suggests a crucial involvement of host circadian rhythms in immunity on the development and progression of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimaya Tekade
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sophia K Stegeman
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
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15
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Parnell AA, De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Translating around the clock: Multi-level regulation of post-transcriptional processes by the circadian clock. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109904. [PMID: 33370580 PMCID: PMC8054296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous circadian clock functions to maintain optimal physiological health through the tissue specific coordination of gene expression and synchronization between tissues of metabolic processes throughout the 24 hour day. Individuals face numerous challenges to circadian function on a daily basis resulting in significant incidences of circadian disorders in the United States and worldwide. Dysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and hepatic abnormalities, mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The circadian clock regulates molecular, metabolic and physiological processes through rhythmic gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Mounting evidence indicates that post-transcriptional regulation by the circadian clock plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue specific biological rhythms. Circadian regulation affecting RNA stability and localization through RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and RNA availability for translation can result in rhythmic protein synthesis, even when the mRNA transcripts themselves do not exhibit rhythms in abundance. The circadian clock also targets the initiation and elongation steps of translation through multiple pathways. In this review, the influence of the circadian clock across the levels of post-transcriptional, translation, and post-translational modifications are examined using examples from humans to cyanobacteria demonstrating the phylogenetic conservation of circadian regulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss chronotherapies and pharmacological treatments that target circadian function. Understanding the complexity and levels through which the circadian clock regulates molecular and physiological processes is important for future advancement of therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Parnell
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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16
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Stehle JH, Zemmar A, Hausmann L. How to time the time - A preface to the special issue Circadian Rhythms in the Brain. J Neurochem 2021; 157:6-10. [PMID: 33724468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Preface to the Journal of Neurochemistry special issue "Circadian Rhythms in the Brain", we summarize recent insights into connections between circadian rhythms and societal concerns related to aging and food intake, with consequences for healthy or aberrant metabolic homeostasis. The articles in this special issue were written by leading authors who presented their research at the 2019 Congress of the European Biological Rhythm Society, and are thus reflective of a broad variety of state-of-the-art research on all levels of chronobiology, from circadian rhythm generators in various tissues (including astrocytes) and the molecular mechanisms they base on, such as GABAergic regulation or ubiquitination, to the systems and behavioral level effects of chrono-nutrition and aging. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg H Stehle
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People´s Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan, China.,Institute of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ajmal Zemmar
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People´s Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan, China.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Laura Hausmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Behavioral phenotyping of mice lacking the deubiquitinase USP2. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241403. [PMID: 33621249 PMCID: PMC7901773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 2 (USP2) is a deubiquitinating enzyme expressed almost ubiquitously in the body, including in multiple brain regions. We previously showed that mice lacking USP2 present altered locomotor activity rhythms and response of the clock to light. However, the possible implication of USP2 in regulating other behaviors has yet to be tested. To address this, we ran a battery of behavioral tests on Usp2 KO mice. Firstly, we confirmed our prior findings of increased daily activity and reduced activity fragmentation in Usp2 KO mice. Further, mice lacking USP2 showed impaired motor coordination and equilibrium, a decrease in anxiety-like behavior, a deficit in working memory and in sensorimotor gating. On the other hand, no effects of Usp2 gene deletion were found on spatial memory. Hence, our data uncover the implication of USP2 in different behaviors and expands the range of the known functions of this deubiquitinase.
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18
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Yan J, Kim YJ, Somers DE. Post-Translational Mechanisms of Plant Circadian Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 33668215 PMCID: PMC7995963 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular components of the circadian system possess the interesting feature of acting together to create a self-sustaining oscillator, while at the same time acting individually, and in complexes, to confer phase-specific circadian control over a wide range of physiological and developmental outputs. This means that many circadian oscillator proteins are simultaneously also part of the circadian output pathway. Most studies have focused on transcriptional control of circadian rhythms, but work in plants and metazoans has shown the importance of post-transcriptional and post-translational processes within the circadian system. Here we highlight recent work describing post-translational mechanisms that impact both the function of the oscillator and the clock-controlled outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David E. Somers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Y.); (Y.J.K.)
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