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Ko VI, Ong K, Cleveland DW, Yu H, Ravits JM. CK1δ/ε kinases regulate TDP-43 phosphorylation and are therapeutic targets for ALS-related TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106516. [PMID: 38677657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons is the neuropathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a group of neurodegenerative diseases collectively referred to as TDP-43 proteinopathies that includes frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and limbic onset age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. The mechanism of TDP-43 phosphorylation is poorly understood. Previously we reported casein kinase 1 epsilon gene (CSNK1E gene encoding CK1ε protein) as being tightly correlated with phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology. Here we pursued studies to investigate in cellular models and in vitro how CK1ε and CK1δ (a closely related family sub-member) mediate TDP-43 phosphorylation in disease. We first validated the binding interaction between TDP-43 and either CK1δ and CK1ε using kinase activity assays and predictive bioinformatic database. We utilized novel inducible cellular models that generated translocated phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) and cytoplasmic aggregation. Reducing CK1 kinase activity with siRNA or small molecule chemical inhibitors resulted in significant reduction of pTDP-43, in both soluble and insoluble protein fractions. We also established CK1δ and CK1ε are the primary kinases that phosphorylate TDP-43 compared to CK2α, CDC7, ERK1/2, p38α/MAPK14, and TTBK1, other identified kinases that have been implicated in TDP-43 phosphorylation. Throughout our studies, we were careful to examine both the soluble and insoluble TDP-43 protein fractions, the critical protein fractions related to protein aggregation diseases. These results identify CK1s as critical kinases involved in TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in cellular models and in vitro, and in turn are potential therapeutic targets by way of CK1δ/ε inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian I Ko
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
| | - Kailee Ong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
| | - John M Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA.
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2
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Nelson PT, Fardo DW, Wu X, Aung KZ, Cykowski MD, Katsumata Y. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC): Co-pathologies and genetic risk factors provide clues about pathogenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:396-415. [PMID: 38613823 PMCID: PMC11110076 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is detectable at autopsy in more than one-third of people beyond age 85 years and is robustly associated with dementia independent of other pathologies. Although LATE-NC has a large impact on public health, there remain uncertainties about the underlying biologic mechanisms. Here, we review the literature from human studies that may shed light on pathogenetic mechanisms. It is increasingly clear that certain combinations of pathologic changes tend to coexist in aging brains. Although "pure" LATE-NC is not rare, LATE-NC often coexists in the same brains with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, brain arteriolosclerosis, hippocampal sclerosis of aging, and/or age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). The patterns of pathologic comorbidities provide circumstantial evidence of mechanistic interactions ("synergies") between the pathologies, and also suggest common upstream influences. As to primary mediators of vulnerability to neuropathologic changes, genetics may play key roles. Genes associated with LATE-NC include TMEM106B, GRN, APOE, SORL1, ABCC9, and others. Although the anatomic distribution of TDP-43 pathology defines the condition, important cofactors for LATE-NC may include Tau pathology, endolysosomal pathways, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. A review of the human phenomenology offers insights into disease-driving mechanisms, and may provide clues for diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Khine Zin Aung
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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3
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Iguchi Y, Takahashi Y, Li J, Araki K, Amakusa Y, Kawakami Y, Kobayashi K, Yokoi S, Katsuno M. IκB kinase phosphorylates cytoplasmic TDP-43 and promotes its proteasome degradation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302048. [PMID: 38197897 PMCID: PMC10783433 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons is a pathological feature common to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We demonstrate that the IκB kinase (IKK) complex promotes the degradation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 through proteasomes. While IKKβ is a major factor in TDP-43 degradation, IKKα acts as a cofactor, and NEMO functions as a scaffold for the recruitment of TDP-43 to the IKK complex. Furthermore, we identified IKKβ-induced phosphorylation sites of TDP-43 and found that phosphorylation at Thr8 and Ser92 is important for the reduction of TDP-43 by IKK. TDP-43 phosphorylation at Ser92 was detected in a pattern different from that of C-terminal phosphorylation in the pathological inclusion of ALS. IKKβ was also found to significantly reduce the expression level and toxicity of the disease-causing TDP-43 mutation. Finally, the favorable effect of IKKβ on TDP-43 aggregation was confirmed in the hippocampus of mice. IKK and the N-terminal phosphorylation of TDP-43 are potential therapeutic targets for ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Araki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoshinobu Amakusa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kang Q, Jiang S, Min J, Hu F, Xu R. Parvalbumin interneurons dysfunction is potentially associated with FαMNs decrease and NRG1-ErbB4 signaling inhibition in spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:15324-15339. [PMID: 38157256 PMCID: PMC10781496 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the alteration of PV interneurons in ALS mainly focusing its dynamic changes and its relationship with motor neurons and ErbB4 signaling. METHODS SOD1G93A mice were used as ALS model. ALS animals were divided into different groups according to birth age: symptomatic prophase (50~60 days), symptomatic phase (90~100 days), and symptomatic progression (130~140 days). Immunofluorescence was performed for measurement of PV-positive interneurons, MMP-9, ChAT, NeuN and ErbB4. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of PV and MMP-9. RESULTS PV expression was remarkably higher in the anterior horn of gray matter compared with posterior horn and area in the middle of gray matter in control mice. In ALS mice, PV, MMP-9 and ErbB4 levels were gradually decreased along with onset. PV, MMP-9 and ErbB4 levels in ALS mice were significantly down-regulated than control mice after onset, indicating the alteration of PV interneurons, FαMNs and ErbB4. SαMNs levels only decreased remarkably at symptomatic progression in ALS mice compared with control mice, while γMNs levels showed no significant change during whole period in all mice. MMP-9 and ErbB4 were positively correlated with PV. NRG1 treatment significantly enhanced the expression of ErBb4, PV and MMP-9 in ALS mice. CONCLUSION PV interneurons decrease is along with FαMNs and ErbB4 decrease in ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Kang
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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Li Y, Chen T, You K, Peng T, Li T. Sequence determinants and solution conditions underlying liquid to solid phase transition. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C236-C246. [PMID: 36503242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Life consists of numberless functional biomolecules that exist in various states. Besides well-dissolved phases, biomolecules especially proteins and nucleic acids can form liquid droplets through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Stronger interactions promote a solid-like state of biomolecular condensates, which are also formerly referred to as detergent-insoluble aggregates. Solid-like condensates exist in vivo physiologically and pathologically, and their formation has not been fully understood. Recently, more and more research has proven that liquid to solid phase transition (LST) is an essential way to form solid condensates. In this review, we summarized the regions in the sequence that have different impacts on phase transition and emphasized that the LST is affected by its sequence characteristics. Moreover, increasing evidence unveiled that LST is affected by various solution conditions. We discussed solution conditions like protein concentration, pH, ATP, ions, and small molecules in a solution. Methods have been established to study these solid phase components. Here, we summarized low-throughput experimental techniques and high-throughput omics methods in the study of the LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqing You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Happy Life Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Happy Life Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Yang M, Qi R, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhao Y, Jin N, Wu R, Liu F, Gu J. Casein Kinase 1δ Phosphorylates TDP-43 and Suppresses Its Function in Tau mRNA Processing. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1527-1539. [PMID: 36641675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibrillary tangle aggregated from anomalous hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Trans-active response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) enhances the instability and exon (E) 10 inclusion of tau mRNA. Cytoplasmic inclusion of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 in the neurons constitutes the third most prevalent proteinopathy of AD. Casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is elevated in AD brain and phosphorylates TDP-43 in vitro. OBJECTIVE To determine the roles of CK1δ in phosphorylation, aggregation, and function of TDP-43 in the processing of tau mRNA. METHODS The interaction and colocalization of TDP-43 and CK1δ were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. TDP-43 phosphorylation by CK1δ was determined in vitro and in cultured cells. RIPA-insoluble TDP-43 aggregates obtained by ultracentrifugation were analyzed by immunoblots. The instability and E10 splicing of tau mRNA were studied by using a reporter of green fluorescence protein tailed with 3'-untranslational region of tau mRNA and a mini-tau gene and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and reverse transcriptional PCR. RESULTS We found that CK1δ interacted and co-localized with TDP-43. TDP-43 was phosphorylated by CK1δ at Ser379, Ser403/404, and Ser409/410 in vitro and in cultured cells, which was mutually enhanced. CK1δ overexpression promoted the aggregation of TDP-43 and suppressed its activity in enhancing the instability and E10 inclusion of tau mRNA. CONCLUSION CK1δ phosphorylates TDP-43, promotes its aggregation, and inhibits its activity in promoting the instability of tau mRNA and inclusion of tau E10. Elevated CK1δ in AD brain may contribute to TDP-43 and tau pathologies directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulou Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Ruozhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jianlan Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Melatonin Induces Autophagy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice via Upregulation of SIRT1. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4747-4760. [PMID: 35606613 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the neurodegenerative disease that leads to the motor dysfunction damaged by both upper and lower motor neurons. The etiology and pathogenesis of ALS hasn't completely been understood yet up to now, the current study suggests that autophagy plays an important role in the development of ALS. Meanwhile, melatonin is found to inhibit the progression of ALS. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the potential relation between melatonin and autophagy in ALS. The in vivo model of ALS was established to investigate the effects of melatonin in ALS. The mRNA expressions were performed to detect by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels were tested by western blot and immunofluorescence histochemistry staining. The inflammatory cytokine was applied to detect by ELISA. The results showed that melatonin dose-dependently reversed the ALS-induced survival time shortened, weight loss and rotating rod latency decrease. The expressions of both SIRT1 and Beclin-1 as well as the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were significantly upregulated in the ALS mice, while melatonin reversed the upregulation of both SIRT1 and Beclin-1 expression and LC3II/LC3I ratio in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, melatonin dose-dependently significantly restored the ALS-induced downregulation of p62. Furthermore, SIRT1 silencing notably reduced the effect of melatonin on Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I, and p62. Melatonin induced autophagy in the ALS mice via the upregulation of SIRT1. Thus, melatonin might act as a new agent for the treatment of ALS.
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Valori CF, Neumann M. Contribution of RNA/DNA Binding Protein Dysfunction in Oligodendrocytes in the Pathogenesis of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Spectrum Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:724891. [PMID: 34539339 PMCID: PMC8440855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.724891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are two incurable neurodegenerative disorders, often considered as the extreme manifestations of a disease spectrum, as they share similar pathomechanisms. In support of this, pathological aggregation of the RNA/DNA binding proteins trans-activation response element DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or fused in sarcoma (FUS) is the pathological hallmark found in neurons and glial cells of subsets of patients affected by either condition (i.e., ALS/FTLD—TDP-43 or ALS/FTLD—FUS, respectively). Among glia, oligodendrocytes are the most abundant population, designated to ensheath the axons with myelin and to provide them with metabolic and trophic support. In this minireview, we recapitulate the neuropathological evidence for oligodendroglia impairment in ALS/FTLD. We then debate how TDP-43 and FUS target oligodendrocyte transcripts, thereby controlling their homeostatic abilities toward the axons. Finally, we discuss cellular and animal models aimed at investigating the functional consequences of manipulating TDP-43 and FUS in oligodendrocytes in vivo. Taken together, current data provide increasing evidence for an important role of TDP-43 and FUS-mediated oligodendroglia dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ALS/FTLD. Thus, targeting disrupted oligodendroglial functions may represent a new treatment approach for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara F Valori
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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