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Wang Y, Sun W, Wu E, Wang K, Chen X, Cui Y, Zhang G, Lv F, Wang Y, Peng X, Si H. Polysaccharides From Abrus cantoniensis Hance Modulate Intestinal Microflora and Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Liver Oxidative Damage Induced by Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868433. [PMID: 35445100 PMCID: PMC9013755 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of polysaccharides from Abrus cantoniensis Hance (ACP) on antioxidant capacity, immune function, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis balance, the intestinal mucosal barrier, and intestinal microflora in heat stress (HS)-induced heat-injured chickens are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ACP on HS-injured chickens by enhancing antioxidant capacity and immune function, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and regulating intestinal microflora. A total of 120 native roosters in Guangxi were randomly divided into 5 groups to evaluate the protective effect of ACP on chickens injured by HS (33 ± 2°C). The results showed that ACP increased the body weight and the immune organ index of heat-injured chickens, regulated the oxidative stress kinase secretion, and restored the antioxidant level of heat-injured birds. ACP significantly inhibited the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (COR) and reversed the disorder of hormone levels caused by HS. ACP significantly regulated the secretion levels of immune cytokines and restored the immune function of the body. ACP significantly improved the intestinal morphology and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, which had a positive effect on protecting intestinal health. The results of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that HS led to an increase in the abundance of harmful bacteria and an abnormal increase in the abundance of intestinal microflora and that ACP restored the HS-induced intestinal microflora imbalance. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for ACP as an antioxidant activity enhancer to reduce liver injury, regulate intestinal microflora, and protect intestinal mucosal damage in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Enyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yao Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Geyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Si
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Mitchell K, Mikwar M, Da Fonte D, Lu C, Tao B, Peng D, Erandani WKCU, Hu W, Trudeau VL. Secretoneurin is a secretogranin-2 derived hormonal peptide in vertebrate neuroendocrine systems. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113588. [PMID: 32828813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secretogranin-2 (SCG2) is a large precursor protein that is processed into several potentially bioactive peptides, with the 30-43 amino acid central domain called secretoneurin (SN) being clearly evolutionary conserved in vertebrates. Secretoneurin exerts a diverse array of biological functions including regulating nervous, endocrine, and immune systems in part due to its wide tissue distribution. Expressed in some neuroendocrine neurons and pituitary cells, SN is a stimulator of the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone from both goldfish pituitary cells and the mouse LβT2 cell line. Neuroendocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling pathways for the stimulation of luteinizing hormone release indicate hormone-like activities to regulate reproduction. Mutation of the scg2a and scg2b genes using TALENs in zebrafish reduces sexual behavior, ovulation, oviposition, and fertility. A single injection of the SNa peptide enhanced reproductive outcomes in scg2a/scg2b double mutant zebrafish. Evidence in goldfish suggests a new role for SN to stimulate food intake by actions on other feeding-related neuropeptides. Expression and regulation of the Scg2a precursor mRNA in goldfish gut also supports a role in feeding. In rodent models, SN has trophic-like properties promoting both neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity and has chemoattractant properties that regulate neuroinflammation. Data obtained from several cellular models suggest that SN binds to and activates a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), but a bona fide SN receptor protein needs to be identified. Other signaling pathways for SN have been reported which provides alternatives to the GPCR hypothesis. These include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in cardiomyocytes, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt/Protein Kinase B (AKT, and MAPK in endothelial cells and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (JAK2-STAT) signaling in neurons. Some studies in cardiac cells provide evidence for cellular internalization of SN by an unknown mechanism. Many of the biological functions of SN remain to be fully characterized, which could lead to new and exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Myy Mikwar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dillon Da Fonte
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - BinBin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Marvel M, Spicer OS, Wong TT, Zmora N, Zohar Y. Knockout of the Gnrh genes in zebrafish: effects on reproduction and potential compensation by reproductive and feeding-related neuropeptides. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:565-577. [PMID: 29635430 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) is known as a pivotal upstream regulator of reproduction in vertebrates. However, reproduction is not compromised in the hypophysiotropic Gnrh3 knockout line in zebrafish (gnrh3-/-). In order to determine if Gnrh2, the only other Gnrh isoform in zebrafish brains, is compensating for the loss of Gnrh3, we generated a double Gnrh knockout zebrafish line. Surprisingly, the loss of both Gnrh isoforms resulted in no major impact on reproduction, indicating that a compensatory response, outside of the Gnrh system, was evoked. A plethora of factors acting along the reproductive hypothalamus-pituitary axis were evaluated as possible compensators based on neuroanatomical and differential gene expression studies. In addition, we also examined the involvement of feeding factors in the brain as potential compensators for Gnrh2, which has known anorexigenic effects. We found that the double knockout fish exhibited upregulation of several genes in the brain, specifically gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih), secretogranin 2 (scg2), tachykinin 3a (tac3a), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1 (pacap1), and downregulation of agouti-related peptide 1 (agrp1), indicating the compensation occurs outside of Gnrh cells and therefore is a noncell autonomous response to the loss of Gnrh. While the differential expression of gnih and agrp1 in the double knockout line was confined to the periventricular nucleus and hypothalamus, respectively, the upregulation of scg2 corresponded with a broader neuronal redistribution in the lateral hypothalamus and hindbrain. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the existence of a redundant reproductive regulatory system that comes into play when Gnrh2 and Gnrh3 are lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Marvel
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia Smith Spicer
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ten-Tsao Wong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilli Zmora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Alrawashdeh W, Jones R, Dumartin L, Radon TP, Cutillas PR, Feakins RM, Dmitrovic B, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Crnogorac‐Jurcevic T. Perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer: proteomic analysis and in vitro modelling. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1075-1091. [PMID: 30690892 PMCID: PMC6487729 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common and characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that is associated with poor prognosis, tumor recurrence, and generation of pain. However, the molecular alterations in cancer cells and nerves within PNI have not previously been comprehensively analyzed. Here, we describe our proteomic analysis of the molecular changes underlying neuro-epithelial interactions in PNI using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in microdissected PNI and non-PNI cancer, as well as in invaded and noninvaded nerves from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDAC tissues. In addition, an in vitro model of PNI was developed using a co-culture system comprising PDAC cell lines and PC12 cells as the neuronal element. The overall proteomic profiles of PNI and non-PNI cancer appeared largely similar. In contrast, upon invasion by cancer cells, nerves demonstrated widespread plasticity with a pattern consistent with neuronal injury. The up-regulation of SCG2 (secretogranin II) and neurosecretory protein VGF (nonacronymic) in invaded nerves in PDAC tissues was further validated using immunohistochemistry. The tested PDAC cell lines were found to be able to induce neuronal plasticity in PC12 cells in our in vitro established co-culture model. Changes in expression levels of VGF, as well as of two additional proteins previously reported to be overexpressed in PNI, Nestin and Neuromodulin (GAP43), closely recapitulated our proteomic findings in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, induction of VGF, while not necessary for PC12 survival, mediated neurite extension induced by PDAC cell lines. In summary, here we report the proteomic alterations underlying PNI in PDAC and confirm that PDAC cells are able to induce neuronal plasticity. In addition, we describe a novel, simple, and easily adaptable co-culture model for in vitro study of neuro-epithelial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasfi Alrawashdeh
- Centre for Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | | | - Laurent Dumartin
- Centre for Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | - Tomasz P. Radon
- Centre for Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBart Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | | | - Branko Dmitrovic
- Department of Pathology and Forensic MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsijekCroatia
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of SurgeryKlinikum rechts der Isar Technische UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Guralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of SurgeryKlinikum rechts der Isar Technische UniversitätMunichGermany
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Guillemot J, Guérin M, Cailleux AF, Lopez AG, Kuhn JM, Anouar Y, Yon L. Characterization of the EM66 Biomarker in the Pituitary and Plasma of Healthy Subjects With Different Gonadotroph Status and Patients With Gonadotroph Tumor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30853937 PMCID: PMC6395403 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granins and their derived-peptides are useful markers of secretion from normal and tumoral neuroendocrine cells. The need to identify new diagnostic markers for neuroendocrine tumors, including pituitary tumors prompted us to determine plasma levels of the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in healthy volunteers with different gonadotroph status and to evaluate its usefulness as a circulating marker for the diagnosis of gonadotroph tumor. Using a radioimmunoassay, we determined plasma EM66 concentrations in healthy men and women volunteers in different physiological conditions in relation with the gonadotroph function. Our results revealed that in men, in women with or without contraception, in pregnant or post-menopausal women, plasma EM66 concentrations are not significantly different, and did not show any correlation with gonadotropin levels. In addition, stimulation or inhibition tests of the gonadotroph axis had no effect on EM66 levels, whatever the group of healthy volunteers investigated while gonadotropin levels showed the expected variations. Immunohistochemical experiments and HPLC analysis showed the occurrence of EM66 in pituitary gonadotroph, lactotroph and corticotroph tumors but not in somatotroph tumor. In patients with gonadotroph or lactotroph tumor, plasma EM66 levels were 1.48 (0.82-4.38) ng/ml and 2.49 (1.19-3.54) ng/ml, respectively. While median value of EM66 was significantly lower in patients with gonadotroph tumor compared to healthy volunteers [2.59 (0.62-4.95) ng/ml], plasma EM66 concentrations were in the same range as normal values and did not show any correlation with gonadotropin levels. These results show that plasma EM66 levels are independent of the activity of the gonadotroph axis in healthy volunteers and, while EM66 levels are reduced in gonadotroph tumors, plasma EM66 does not provide a helpful marker for the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Guillemot
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Marlène Guérin
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Cailleux
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM CIC-CRB, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Kuhn
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM CIC-CRB, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Yon
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Yon
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Ge T, Yang W, Fan J, Li B. Preclinical evidence of ghrelin as a therapeutic target in epilepsy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59929-59939. [PMID: 28938694 PMCID: PMC5601790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide synthesized by endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa, plays a major role in inhibiting seizures. However, the underlying mechanism of ghrelin's anticonvulsant action is still unclear. Nowadays, there are considerable evidences showing that ghrelin is implicated in various neurophysiological processes, including learning and memory, neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and inflammatory effects. In this review, we will summarize the effects of ghrelin on epilepsy. It may provide a comprehensive picture of the role of ghrelin in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
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