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Sciarrone MA, Lillo R, Romano A, Vitali F, Guglielmino V, Meucci MC, Graziani F, Luigetti M. Double pathogenic variant in an ATTRv patient with mixed phenotype. Amyloid 2024; 31:238-240. [PMID: 38753639 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2346536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Lillo
- UOC Cardiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Romano
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vitali
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Guglielmino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Meucci
- UOC Cardiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Graziani
- UOC Cardiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Sede di Roma, Italy
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2
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González-Moreno J, Dispenzieri A, Grogan M, Coelho T, Tournev I, Waddington-Cruz M, Wixner J, Diemberger I, Garcia-Pavia P, Chapman D, Gupta P, Glass O, Amass L. Clinical and Genotype Characteristics and Symptom Migration in Patients With Mixed Phenotype Transthyretin Amyloidosis from the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey. Cardiol Ther 2024; 13:117-135. [PMID: 38117424 PMCID: PMC10899146 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is primarily associated with a cardiac or neurologic phenotype, but a mixed phenotype is increasingly described. METHODS This study describes the mixed phenotype cohort in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS). THAOS is an ongoing, longitudinal, observational survey of patients with ATTR amyloidosis, including both hereditary (ATTRv) and wild-type disease, and asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic transthyretin variants. Baseline characteristics of patients with a mixed phenotype (at enrollment or reclassified during follow-up) are described (data cutoff: January 4, 2022). RESULTS Approximately one-third of symptomatic patients (n = 1185/3542; 33.5%) were classified at enrollment or follow-up as mixed phenotype (median age, 66.5 years). Of those, 344 (29.0%) were reclassified to mixed phenotype within a median 1-2 years of follow-up. Most patients with mixed phenotype had ATTRv amyloidosis (75.7%). The most frequent genotypes were V30M (38.9%) and wild type (24.3%). CONCLUSIONS These THAOS data represent the largest analysis of a real-world mixed phenotype ATTR amyloidosis population to date and suggest that a mixed phenotype may be more prevalent than previously thought. Patients may also migrate from a primarily neurologic or cardiologic presentation to a mixed phenotype over time. These data reinforce the need for multidisciplinary evaluation at initial assessment and follow-up of all patients with ATTR amyloidosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00628745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan González-Moreno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Son Llatzer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
| | | | - Martha Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino Andrade, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Nervous Diseases, UMBAL Aleksandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Cognitive Science, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Márcia Waddington-Cruz
- National Amyloidosis Referral Center, CEPARM, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Wixner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- UOC di Cardiologia, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Dipartimento Cardiotoraco-vascolare, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pritam Gupta
- Pfizer Healthcare India Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, India
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3
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Albenque G, Bézard M, Kharoubi M, Odouard S, Lunati A, Poullot E, Zaroui A, Teiger E, Hittinger L, Audard V, El Karoui K, Funalot B, Fanen P, Damy T, Oghina S. Comparison of cardiac involvement, extracardiac manifestations and outcomes between homozygote and heterozygote transthyretin p.Val142Ile (V122I) variant in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a cohort study. Amyloid 2023; 30:407-415. [PMID: 37377439 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2227322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) p.Val142Ile (V122I) mutation is the most common inherited cause of cardiac amyloidosis and little is known about the phenotype and outcome of the rare homozygotic genotype. This study aimed to compare phenotypic characteristics and outcomes between heterozygous and homozygous patients with ATTRv V122I amyloidosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This monocentric, observational, retrospective study conducted at the French National Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis (Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil), described clinical, electrocardiographic, cardiac imaging features and prognostic data for patients with ATTRv V122I amyloidosis. RESULTS Among 185 ATTRv V122I patients identified, 161 were heterozygous and 24 were homozygous. The homozygous frequency was 13%. Onset occured significantly earlier in the homozygotes compared to heterozygotes with earlier median age at diagnosis (67[63-71] years vs 76[70-79] years, p < .001), age at first cardiac symptom (66[61-71] years vs 74[68-78] years, p < .001) and age at first extracardiac symptom (59[52-70] years vs 69[62-75] years, p = .003). Homozygous ATTRv V122I was also associated with greater disease burden with earlier events (death, transplant or hospitalisation for acute heart failure) compared with heterozygotes (71[67-74] vs 78[76-79] years, p = .018). CONCLUSION This rare, homozygous V122I cohort confirmed the earlier age of onset, death and cardiac events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Albenque
- Department of Cardiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, BME lab, Centre Constitutif Réseau M3C Cardiopathies Congénitales Complexes, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Bézard
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Shirley Odouard
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Ariane Lunati
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Elsa Poullot
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
- Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, APHP, Creteil, France
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Luc Hittinger
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Vincent Audard
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare « Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique », Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire « Innovative therapy for immune disorders », Henri Mondor teaching Hospital, APHP, Créteil, France
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- Department of Nephrology, Tenon Teaching Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Funalot
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
- Department of Genetics, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, APHP, Creteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
- Department of Genetics, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, APHP, Creteil, France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Silvia Oghina
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
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4
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Vitali F, Sciarrone MA, Romano A, Guglielmino V, Luigetti M. Neurological onset in patients with V122I hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a glitch in the paradigm. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4569-4571. [PMID: 37515707 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vitali
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria A Sciarrone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Romano
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Guglielmino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Rome, Italy
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5
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Aldinc E, Campbell C, Gustafsson F, Beveridge A, Macey R, Marr L, Summers C, Zhang D. Musculoskeletal manifestations associated with transthyretin-mediated (ATTR) amyloidosis: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:751. [PMID: 37740174 PMCID: PMC10517539 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary and wild-type transthyretin-mediated (ATTRv and ATTRwt) amyloidoses result from the misfolding of transthyretin and aggregation of amyloid plaques in multiple organ systems. Diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis is often delayed due to its heterogenous and non-specific presentation. This review investigates the association of musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations with ATTR amyloidosis and the delay from the onset of these manifestations to the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis. METHODS This systematic review utilized Medline and EMBASE databases. Search criteria were outlined using a pre-specified patient, intervention, comparator, outcome, time, study (PICOTS) criteria and included: amyloidosis, ATTR, and MSK manifestations. Publication quality was assessed utilizing Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. The search initially identified 7,139 publications, 164 of which were included. PICOTS criteria led to the inclusion of epidemiology, clinical burden and practice, pathophysiology, and temporality of MSK manifestations associated with ATTR amyloidosis. 163 publications reported on ATTR amyloidosis and MSK manifestations, and 13 publications reported on the delay in ATTR amyloidosis diagnosis following the onset of MSK manifestations. RESULTS The MSK manifestation most frequently associated with ATTR amyloidosis was carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); spinal stenosis (SS) and osteoarthritis (OA), among others, were also identified. The exact prevalence of different MSK manifestations in patients with ATTR amyloidosis remains unclear, as a broad range of prevalence estimates were reported. Moreover, the reported prevalence of MSK manifestations showed no clear trend or distinction in association between ATTRv and ATTRwt amyloidosis. MSK manifestations precede the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis by years, and there was substantial variation in the reported delay to ATTR amyloidosis diagnosis. Reports do suggest a longer diagnostic delay in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis, with 2 to 12 years delay in ATTRv versus 1.3 to 1.9 years delay in ATTRwt amyloidosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that orthopedic surgeons may play a role in the early diagnosis of and treatment referrals for ATTR amyloidosis. Detection of MSK manifestations may enable earlier diagnosis and administration of effective treatments before disease progression occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Finn Gustafsson
- Rigshopsitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Mazzarotto F, Argirò A, Zampieri M, Magri C, Giotti I, Boschi B, Frusconi S, Gennarelli M, Buxbaum J, Polimanti R, Olivotto I, Perfetto F, Cappelli F. Investigation on the high recurrence of the ATTRv-causing transthyretin variant Val142Ile in central Italy. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:541-547. [PMID: 36380086 PMCID: PMC10172197 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p.Val142Ile variant in transthyretin (encoded by the TTR gene) is the most common genetic cause of transthyretin-related amyloidosis. This allele is particularly prevalent in communities ofAfrican descent compared with populations of different ancestries, where its frequency is two orders of magnitude lower. For this reason, p.Val142Ile has always been considered an "African" variant, with limited studies performed on individuals of European descent. However, recent reports of higher-than-expected prevalence in European-ancestry populations question the African specificity of this allele. Here we show that the high recurrence of p.Val142Ile in central Italy is due to a founder effect and not to recent admixture from African populations, highlighting how this may be the case in other communities. This suggests a probable underestimate of the global prevalence of p.Val142Ile, and further emphasizes the importance of routine inclusion of TTR in gene panels used for clinical genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (independently of the patient's geographical origin), that transthyretin-related amyloidosis can mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alessia Argirò
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Giotti
- Genetics Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Joel Buxbaum
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Perfetto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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7
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Prokaeva T, Klimtchuk ES, Feschenko P, Spencer B, Cui H, Burks EJ, Aslebagh R, Muneeruddin K, Shaffer SA, Varghese E, Berk JL, Connors LH. An additive destabilising effect of compound T60I and V122I substitutions in ATTRv amyloidosis. Amyloid 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36286264 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2135988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloidogenic transthyretin (TTR) variant, V122I, occurs in 4% of the African American population and frequently presents as a restricted cardiomyopathy. While heterozygosity for TTR V122I predominates, several compound heterozygous cases have been previously described. Herein, we detail features of ATTRv amyloidosis associated with novel compound heterozygous TTR mutation, T60I/V122I and provide evidence supporting the amyloidogenecity of T60I. METHODS A 63-year-old African American female presented with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. In vitro studies of TTR T60I and V122I were undertaken to compare the biophysical properties of the proteins. RESULTS Congophilic deposits in a rectal biopsy were immunohistochemically positive for TTR. Serum screening by isoelectric focussing revealed two TTR variants in the absence of wild-type protein. DNA sequencing identified compound heterozygous TTR gene mutations, c.239C > T and c.424G > A. Adipose amyloid deposits were composed of both T60I and V122I. While kinetic stabilities of T60I and V122I variants were similar, distinct thermodynamic stabilities and amyloid growth kinetics were observed. CONCLUSIONS This report provides clinical and experimental results supporting the amyloidogenic nature of a novel TTR T60I variant. In vitro data indicate that the destabilising effect of individual T60I and V122I variants appears to be additive rather than synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Prokaeva
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena S Klimtchuk
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Polina Feschenko
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haili Cui
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Burks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roshanak Aslebagh
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Khaja Muneeruddin
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John L Berk
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Minutoli F, Russo M, Di Bellaearly Phase Planar Imaging G, Laudicella R, Spataro A, Vento A, Comis A, Gentile L, Mazzeo A, Vita G, Baldari S. Diagnosis of cardiac amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis by early (soft tissue) phase [ 99mTc]Tc-DPD whole body scan: comparison with late (bone) phase imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3035-3044. [PMID: 35031838 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although expert consensus recommendations suggest 2-3 h as the time interval between bone-seeking radiotracers injection and acquisition, it has been reported that images obtained early after [99mTc]Tc-HMDP administration are sufficient to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of [99mTc]Tc-DPD early phase whole body scan with respect to late phase imaging. METHODS We qualitatively and semiquantitatively reviewed [99mTc]Tc-DPD imaging of 53 patients referred for suspect cardiac amyloidosis. Findings of early and late phase images were compared with SPECT results (considered the standard-of-reference) determining sensitivity and specificity for visual analysis of each phase imaging and for each semiquantitative index. RESULTS SPECT imaging was negative for cardiac accumulation in 25 patients and positive in 28. Visual analysis of early phase whole body scan had an extremely significant capability to predict SPECT results; nevertheless, complete agreement was not reached. Visual analysis of late phase imaging showed slightly better results. Semiquantitative analysis of early phase images, namely heart to mediastinum ratio, performed better than semiquantitative analysis of late phase images. CONCLUSION Visual analysis of [99mTc]Tc-DPD early phase whole body scan is promising in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis; further studies are needed to confirm our results in different clinical scenarios. KEY POINTS • Visual analysis of early phase planar imaging using [99mTc]Tc-DPD is accurate to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis and may be satisfactory at least in frail patients with high cardiac burden of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Minutoli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. .,Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico G.Martino", via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Spataro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Vento
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Comis
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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9
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Trachtenberg BH, Shah SK, Nussbaum RL, Bristow SL, Malladi R, Vatta M. Presence of the V122I Variant of Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis Among Self-Reported White Individuals in a Sponsored Genetic Testing Program. Circ Genom Precis Med 2021; 14:e003466. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Vatta
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA (R.L.N., S.L.B., M.V.)
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10
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Chandrashekar P, Alhuneafat L, Mannello M, Al-Rashdan L, Kim MM, Dungu J, Alexander K, Masri A. Prevalence and Outcomes of p.Val142Ile TTR Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003356. [PMID: 34461737 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p.Val142Ile variant, predominantly found among people of African descent, is the most common cause of variant transthyretin amyloidosis and carriers predominantly develop a cardiomyopathy (variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy) phenotype. Yet, there are conflicting data on the prevalence and outcomes of p.Val142Ile variant carriers. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the prevalence and outcomes of p.Val142Ile variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy among subjects of African descent. We found 62 relevant articles after searching the MEDLINE databases from 1980 to 2020 that reported data for ≈150 000 subjects. RESULTS The reported worldwide prevalence of the p.Val142Ile variant is 0.3% to 1.6% in the general population. Among people of African descent, the reported prevalence from all studies ranges from 1.1% to 9.8%, but for studies with >1000 subjects, it is 3% to 3.5%. The prevalence of the p.Val142Ile variant in a region is dependent on the reported percentage of subjects who are of African descent in that region. p.Val142Ile variant transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy typically presents in the seventh to eighth decade of life and the majority of cases reported were male, with 25% to 38% diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. It was associated with a longitudinally worse quality of life and a lower adjusted survival compared with other types of transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS The p.Val142Ile variant is the most common variant of the transthyretin gene with most carriers being of African descent. The true penetrance is unknown but the p.Val142Ile variant is associated with increased rates of incident heart failure and portends a lower overall survival. Increased awareness could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved heart failure outcomes among those of African descent, which is of increasing importance given the advent of novel therapeutics for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Chandrashekar
- Amyloidosis Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (P.C., M.M., L.A.-R., M.M.K., A.M.)
| | - Laith Alhuneafat
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA (L.A.)
| | - Meghan Mannello
- Amyloidosis Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (P.C., M.M., L.A.-R., M.M.K., A.M.)
| | - Lana Al-Rashdan
- Amyloidosis Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (P.C., M.M., L.A.-R., M.M.K., A.M.).,Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA (L.A.)
| | - Morris M Kim
- Amyloidosis Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (P.C., M.M., L.A.-R., M.M.K., A.M.)
| | - Jason Dungu
- Essex Cardiothoracic Center, England, United Kingdom (J.D.)
| | - Kevin Alexander
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (K.A.)
| | - Ahmad Masri
- Amyloidosis Center, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (P.C., M.M., L.A.-R., M.M.K., A.M.)
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11
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Pastorelli F, Fabbri G, Rapezzi C, Serenelli M, Plasmati R, Vacchiano V, Ferlini A, Manfrini M, Salvi F. Neurological involvement in Ile68Leu (p.Ile88Leu) ATTR amyloidosis: not only a cardiogenic mutation. Amyloid 2021; 28:173-181. [PMID: 34047656 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2021.1917357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ile68Leu transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTR) is known as a mainly or exclusively cardiogenic variant. We hypothesized that an accurate specialized neurological evaluation could reveal a consistent frequency of mixed phenotypes. METHODS Forty-six consecutive subjects with transthyretin (TTR) Ile68Leu (p.Ile88Leu) mutation (29 patients and 17 unaffected carriers) underwent an in-depth cardiac and neurologic evaluation at a single center. RESULTS All 29 patients showed cardiac involvement. In 20 (69%) cases, it was associated with neurological abnormalities (i.e. a mixed phenotype): 10 (35% of the total) had signs and symptoms of neuropathy, 5 (17%) had abnormalities at the neurologic specialist examination but without symptoms, and 5 (17%) had abnormal nerve conduction study only. None of the asymptomatic carriers showed neurological abnormalities or cardiac involvement. The Neuropathy Impairment Score was > 5 in seven patients at baseline, and became >5 in six more patients during follow-up. The probability of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) during follow-up was higher in the mixed than cardiologic phenotype (p = 0.026). Age and phenotype were independent prognostic predictors of MACE. CONCLUSION At least two-thirds of patients with Ile68Leu ATTR and amyloidotic cardiomyopathy show an associated - definite or probable - neurologic impairment of variable degree if accurately evaluated in a neurologic setting. This proportion can rise during follow-up. The mixed phenotype carries a worse prognosis compared to the exclusively cardiologic one. These observations show that more patients could be eligible for treatment with gene silencers than currently indicated and highlight the need for an in-depth and continuous multidisciplinary evaluation of Ile68Leu ATTR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gioele Fabbri
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Matteo Serenelli
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Plasmati
- UOC Neurologia, IRCCS Scienze Neurologiche, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veria Vacchiano
- UOC Neurologia, IRCCS Scienze Neurologiche, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salvi
- UOC Neurologia, IRCCS Scienze Neurologiche, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Centro 'il Bene', IRCCS Scienze Neurologiche, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Gentile L, Tournev I, Amass L, Chapman D, Mazzeo A. Phenotypic Differences of Glu89Gln Genotype in ATTR Amyloidosis From Endemic Loci: Update From THAOS. Cardiol Ther 2021; 10:481-490. [PMID: 34148211 PMCID: PMC8555027 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-021-00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous disease with spontaneous (wild-type) and hereditary (ATTRv) forms. The Glu89Gln variant is primarily associated with cardiomyopathy and prevalent in Italy and Bulgaria. The objective of this analysis was to better understand the profile of patients with ATTRv Glu89Gln amyloidosis in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS). METHODS THAOS is an ongoing, global, longitudinal, observational survey of patients with ATTR amyloidosis, including both inherited and wild-type disease, and asymptomatic carriers with mutations in the transthyretin gene. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all symptomatic patients with the ATTRv Glu89Gln variant enrolled in THAOS are described (data cutoff, January 6, 2020). RESULTS There were 91 patients with ATTRv Glu89Gln amyloidosis with the majority from Bulgaria (n = 53) or Italy (n = 29). All patients were Caucasian and 50.5% were male. Patients from Bulgaria had a mean (standard deviation) age at enrollment of 57.1 (8.2) years, and duration of symptoms of 8.6 (9.6) years, compared with 54.8 (8.6) and 5.0 (4.1) years in Italy. In Bulgaria, 39.6% of patients were of a predominantly cardiac phenotype, 18.9% predominantly neurologic, and 41.5% mixed. In Italy, 3.4% of patients were predominantly cardiac, 62.1% predominantly neurologic, and 34.5% mixed. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with ATTRv Glu89Gln amyloidosis in THAOS are from Bulgaria or Italy. There were notable phenotypic differences, with the cardiac phenotype more common in Bulgaria and the neurologic phenotype more common in Italy. Over one-third of patients had a mixed phenotype, suggesting a potential role of multiple genetic and/or environmental factors and the need for comprehensive assessment of all patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00628745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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13
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Koike H, Okumura T, Murohara T, Katsuno M. Multidisciplinary Approaches for Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Cardiol Ther 2021; 10:289-311. [PMID: 34089151 PMCID: PMC8177037 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-021-00222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis caused by systemic deposition of transthyretin (TTR) is called ATTR amyloidosis and mainly includes hereditary ATTR (ATTRv) amyloidosis and wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis. Until recently, ATTRv amyloidosis had been considered a disease in the field of neurology because neuropathic symptoms predominated in patients described in early reports, whereas advances in diagnostic techniques and increased recognition of this disease revealed the presence of patients with cardiomyopathy as a predominant feature. In contrast, ATTRwt amyloidosis has been considered a disease in the field of cardiology. However, recent studies have suggested that some of the patients with ATTRwt amyloidosis present tenosynovial tissue complications, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome, as an initial manifestation of amyloidosis, necessitating an awareness of this disease among neurologists and orthopedists. Although histopathological confirmation of amyloid deposits has traditionally been considered mandatory for the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis, the development of noninvasive imaging techniques in the field of cardiology, such as echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging, enabled nonbiopsy diagnosis of this disease. The mechanisms underlying characteristic cardiac imaging findings have been deciphered by histopathological studies. Novel disease-modifying therapies for ATTR amyloidosis, such as TTR stabilizers, short interfering RNA, and antisense oligonucleotides, were initially approved for ATTRv amyloidosis patients with polyneuropathy. However, the indications for the use of these disease-modifying therapies gradually widened to include ATTRv and ATTRwt amyloidosis patients with cardiomyopathy. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, occurred, the minimization of hospital visits and telemedicine have become increasingly important. As older age and cardiovascular disease are major factors associated with increased disease severity and mortality of COVID-19, many ATTR amyloidosis patients are at increased risk of disease aggravation when they are infected with SARS-CoV-2. From this viewpoint, close interspecialty communication to determine the optimal interval of evaluation is needed for the management of patients with ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Roteta Unceta Barrenechea A, Lahuerta Pueyo C, Melero Polo J, Menao Guillén S, Andrés Gracia A, Revilla Marti P, Aibar Arregui MÁ. DISCOVERY: prevalence of transthyretin (TTR) mutations in a US-centric patient population suspected of having cardiac amyloidosis: a comment. Amyloid 2021; 28:134-135. [PMID: 33043707 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2020.1830272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Roteta Unceta Barrenechea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (UCMHMNA), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragón, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Lahuerta Pueyo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragon, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Melero Polo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragon, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sebastián Menao Guillén
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragon, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Andrés Gracia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (UCMHMNA), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragón, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Revilla Marti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragon, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Aibar Arregui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (HCUZ), Aragon, Spain.,IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Russo M, Cucinotta F, Gentile L, Fabrizi GM, Taioli F, Vita G, Toscano A, Mazzeo A. Very Early Onset of ATTRE89Q Amyloidosis in a Homozygous Patient. Open Neurol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x02115010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Case Presentarion:
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is a progressive, fatal disease that generally involves the peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the heart. It is autosomal dominant with different penetrance depending on the mutation and the genetic background. Many other missense mutations of the TTR gene may cause the disease. Being an overall rare disease is very rare to observe the condition of homozygosity. In particular, cases of homozygosity have been described in patients with ATTRV30M and ATTRV122I amyloidosis. In the former, the phenotype does not seem to be aggravated, having an age of onset and disease course that does not appear to differ from those of heterozygotes, while in the latter, the onset appears to be earlier.
Conclusion:
We report the first case of ATTRE89Q amyloidosis in a patient that was homozygous for the E89Q mutation in the TTR gene. The clinical phenotype resulted in the earlier disease onset reported in this form of amyloidosis, suggesting that the homozygous condition may be prognostically negative.
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16
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Russo M, Gentile L, Di Stefano V, Di Bella G, Minutoli F, Toscano A, Brighina F, Vita G, Mazzeo A. Use of Drugs for ATTRv Amyloidosis in the Real World: How Therapy Is Changing Survival in a Non-Endemic Area. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050545. [PMID: 33925301 PMCID: PMC8146901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past decade, three new drugs have been approved for the treatment of hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) polyneuropathy. The aim of this work was to analyze whether current therapies prolong survival for patients affected by ATTRv amyloidosis. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively, analyzing the medical records of 105 patients with genetic diagnoses of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy followed at the two referral centers for the disease in Sicily, Italy. Of these, 71 received disease-modifying therapy, while 34 received only symptomatic treatment or no therapy. Results: The most used treatment in our patient cohort was tafamidis, followed by liver transplantation, patisiran, inotersen, and diflunisal. The median survival was significantly longer for treated vs. untreated patients (12 years vs. 8 years). In the 71 patients who received disease-modifying treatment, the presence of cardiac involvement, weight loss, or autonomic dysfunction at diagnosis was not related to survival. Conversely, patients diagnosed in the early stage of the disease (PND 1) had significantly longer survival than those diagnosed in the late stage (PND 2–4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (A.T.); (G.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-0221-3504
| | - Luca Gentile
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (A.T.); (G.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (A.T.); (G.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (A.T.); (G.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (A.T.); (G.V.); (A.M.)
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Patisiran in hATTR Amyloidosis: Six-Month Latency Period before Efficacy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040515. [PMID: 33921571 PMCID: PMC8073153 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary amyloidosis associated with mutations in the transthyretin gene (hATTR) is a progressive devastating disease, with a fatal outcome occurring within 10years after onset. In recent years, TTR gene silencing therapy appeared as a promising therapeutic strategy, showing evidence that disease progression can be slowed and perhaps reversed. We report here 18 subjects affected by hATTR amyloidosis treated with patisiran, a small interfering RNA acting as TTR silencer, and evaluated with a PND score, the NIS and NIS-LL scale, and a Norfolk QOL-DN questionnaire at baseline and then every 6 months. A global clinical stabilizationwas observed for the majority of the patients, with mild-moderate improvements in some cases, even in advanced disease stage (PND score > 2). Analysis of NIS, NIS-LL and Norfolk QOL-DN results, and PND score variation suggest the possible presence of a 6-month latency period prior to benefit of treatment.
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18
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Advances in Treatment of ATTRv Amyloidosis: State of the Art and Future Prospects. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120952. [PMID: 33316911 PMCID: PMC7763612 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy is a progressive disease that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by multiple organ failure, including axonal sensory-motor neuropathy, cardiac involvement, and autonomic dysfunction. Liver transplantation (LT) and combined heart-liver transplantation, introduced in the 1990s, have been the only therapies for almost two decades. In 2011, tafamidis meglumine became the first specific drug approved by regulatory agencies, since then the attention toward this disease has progressively increased and several drugs with different mechanisms of action are now available. This review describes the drugs already on the market, those that have shown interesting results although not yet approved, and those currently being tested.
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