1
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Saçmacı H, Erkoç MF, Aktürk T. Measurement of the facial nerve thickness and its correlation with freezing phenomenon and hypomimia in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 210:106960. [PMID: 34571338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypomimia is one of the diagnostic features in Parkinson's disease, and freezing blocks may also occur with the degenerative process. We investigated that the thickness of the cranial facial nerve that innervates facial expressions, and the relationship between bradymimia and freezing phenomena in these patients. METHODS We included 70 patients and healthy participants in this cross-sectional study. Clinical characteristics, modified Hoehn and Yahr (mHY) stages, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) scores of Parkinson's patients were recorded. FOG-Q was scored between 1 and 4 points. The thickness of the facial nerve and its neighborhoods of numerically equal groups were measured radiologically in the internal acoustic channel (IAC) with magnetic resonance imaging of temporal lobe. Right and left facial nerve thicknesses were compared. RESULTS The right facial nerve thicknesses of the patient and control groups were measured as 0.97 ± 0.12 mm and 1.20 ± 0.10 mm at the proximal level and 0.71 (0.69-0.81) mm and 1.21 (1.13-1.24) mm at the distal level, respectively (P < 0.001). Notably, the facial nerve was more atrophied on the right than on the left (P < 0.001). Facial nerve to IAC ratio (%) was significantly lower and cerebrospinal fluid thickness distance (%) measurement was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Also, the FOG-Q and facial nerve to IAC ratio were negatively correlated (P = 0.049, rho = -0.335). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new information about the facial nerve and its neighborhoods and clinical relationships in individuals with PD. In studies investigating hypomimia and FOG in Parkinson's, neuroimaging of the facial nerve can also be used. These results need to be proven with more comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tülin Aktürk
- Bozok University Medical School, Yozgat, Turkey.
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2
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Phosphorylated α-synuclein and phosphorylated tau-protein in sural nerves may contribute to differentiate Parkinson's disease from multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear paralysis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135964. [PMID: 34022266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear paralysis (PSP) is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the expression of phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-α-syn) and phosphorylated tau-protein (p-tau) in sural nerves from patients with PD, MSA and PSP to find biomarkers for differential diagnosis. Clinical evaluations and sural nerve biopsies were performed on 8 PD patients, 8 MSA patients, 6 PSP patients and 8 controls (CTRs). Toluidine blue staining was used to observe morphological changes in sural nerves. The deposition of p-α-syn and p-tau was detected by immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative evaluation. Locations of p-α-syn and p-tau were identified by double immunofluorescent staining. In case groups, the density of nerve fibres decreased with swollen or fragmented Schwann cells (SCs). All cases (22/22) but no CTRs (0/8) presented p-α-syn immunoreactivity with gradually decreasing semiquantitative levels among the PD (6.00 ± 2.07), MSA (5.00 ± 2.33) and PSP (3.50 ± 1.52) groups. p-tau aggregates were found in 7/8 MSA (1.88 ± 1.46) and 6/6 PSP (1.67 ± 0.52) patients but not in PD patients or CTRs. There were different expression patterns of p-α-syn and p-tau in PD, MSA and PSP patients. These findings suggest that peripheral sensory nerve injury exists in PD, MSA and PSP patients. With a different expression pattern and level, p-α-syn and p-tau in sural nerves may serve as novel biomarkers for differential diagnosis of PD, MSA and PSP.
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3
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Cicardi ME, Marrone L, Azzouz M, Trotti D. Proteostatic imbalance and protein spreading in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106389. [PMID: 33792056 PMCID: PMC8126909 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder whose exact causative mechanisms are still under intense investigation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the anatomical and temporal propagation of pathological protein species along the neural axis could be among the main driving mechanisms for the fast and irreversible progression of ALS pathology. Many ALS-associated proteins form intracellular aggregates as a result of their intrinsic prion-like properties and/or following impairment of the protein quality control systems. During the disease course, these mutated proteins and aberrant peptides are released in the extracellular milieu as soluble or aggregated forms through a variety of mechanisms. Internalization by recipient cells may seed further aggregation and amplify existing proteostatic imbalances, thus triggering a vicious cycle that propagates pathology in vulnerable cells, such as motor neurons and other susceptible neuronal subtypes. Here, we provide an in-depth review of ALS pathology with a particular focus on the disease mechanisms of seeding and transmission of the most common ALS-associated proteins, including SOD1, FUS, TDP-43, and C9orf72-linked dipeptide repeats. For each of these proteins, we report historical, biochemical, and pathological evidence of their behaviors in ALS. We further discuss the possibility to harness pathological proteins as biomarkers and reflect on the implications of these findings for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Cicardi
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lara Marrone
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Davide Trotti
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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4
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Eryilmaz IE, Erer S, Zarifoglu M, Egeli U, Karakus E, Yurdacan B, Cecener G, Tunca B, Colakoglu B, Bora Tokcaer A, Saka E, Demirkiran M, Akbostanci C, Dogu O, Kaleagasi H, Kenangil G, Cakmur R, Elibol B. Contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106257. [PMID: 33039854 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we focused on investigating the contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and/or non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DRD3 rs6280, DRD2 rs2283265 and DRD2 rs1076560, were genotyped in 128 Turkish EOPD patients and then, statistical analysis was conducted for the potential impacts of SNPs on clinical parameters. All three SNPs were found to be statistically significant in terms of PD-related pain: DRD3 [rs6280; risk allele "T" for pain; p = 0.031; odds ratio (OR)=4.25], DRD2 [rs2283265; risk allele "A" for pain; p = 0.001; OR=8.47] and, DRD2 [rs1076560; risk allele "A" for pain; p = 0.022; OR=4.58]. Additionally, bilateral disease [p = 0.011; OR=5.10] and gender [risk group "female"; p = 0.003; OR=8.53] were also identified as significant univariate risk factors for PD-related pain. Based on logistic regression analysis conducted with the significant univariate risk factors, this the first report to clarify that a female patient with bilateral PD and DRD2 rs2283265 polymorphism has a significant risk for PD-related pain. Our findings might contribute to improve life quality by offering treatment options for pain in PD patients with these clinical and genetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Ezgi Eryilmaz
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sevda Erer
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Zarifoglu
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Unal Egeli
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ece Karakus
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Beste Yurdacan
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Beril Colakoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bora Tokcaer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esen Saka
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Demirkiran
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cenk Akbostanci
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Dogu
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kaleagasi
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gulay Kenangil
- BAU Medical Park Goztepe, Neurology Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Raif Cakmur
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Tsukita K, Sakamaki-Tsukita H, Tanaka K, Suenaga T, Takahashi R. Value of in vivo α-synuclein deposits in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1452-1463. [PMID: 31322768 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies that have investigated the potential of in vivo abnormal α-synuclein deposits as a pathological biomarker for PD included few participants and reported different diagnostic accuracies. Here, we aimed to confirm the diagnostic value of in vivo α-synuclein deposits in PD through a systematic review and meta-analysis, with special emphasis on determining the tissue most suitable for examination and assessing whether anti-native α-synuclein or anti-phosphorylated α-synuclein antibodies should be used. Databases were searched on December 30, 2018. We finally included 41 case-control studies that examined in vivo tissue samples using anti-native α-synuclein or anti-phosphorylated α-synuclein antibody in PD patients and controls. Using a univariate random-effects model, pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) of anti-native α-synuclein antibody were 0.54 (0.49-0.60) and 0.72 (0.68-0.76) for the gastrointestinal tract and 0.76 (0.60-0.89) and 0.60 (0.43-0.74) for the skin. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) of anti-phosphorylated α-synuclein antibody were 0.43 (0.37-0.48) and 0.82 (0.78-0.86) for the gastrointestinal tract, 0.76 (0.69-0.82) and 1.00 (0.98-1.00) for the skin, 0.42 (0.26-0.59) and 0.94 (0.84-0.99) for the minor salivary glands, and 0.66 (0.51-0.79) and 0.96 (0.86-1.00) for the submandibular glands. Although ubiquitous heterogeneity between the included studies should be noted when interpreting our results, our analyses demonstrated the following: (1) in vivo α-synuclein immunoreactivity has the potential as a pathological biomarker for PD; (2) anti-phosphorylated α-synuclein antibody consistently has higher specificity than anti-native α-synuclein antibody; and (3) skin biopsy examination using anti-phosphorylated α-synuclein antibody has the best diagnostic accuracy, although feasibility remains an important issue. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Tsukita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruhi Sakamaki-Tsukita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan
| | - Kanta Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan.,Division of Stroke Care Unit, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Chatterjee BK, Jayaraj A, Kumar V, Blagg B, Davis RE, Jayaram B, Deep S, Chaudhuri TK. Stimulation of heat shock protein 90 chaperone function through binding of a novobiocin analog KU-32. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6450-6467. [PMID: 30792306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a eukaryotic chaperone responsible for the folding and functional activation of numerous client proteins, many of which are oncoproteins. Thus, Hsp90 inhibition has been intensely pursued, resulting in the development of many potential Hsp90 inhibitors, not all of which are well-characterized. Hsp90 inhibitors not only abrogate its chaperone functions, but also could help us gain insight into the structure-function relationship of this chaperone. Here, using biochemical and cell-based assays along with isothermal titration calorimetry, we investigate KU-32, a derivative of the Hsp90 inhibitor novobiocin (NB), for its ability to modulate Hsp90 chaperone function. Although NB and KU-32 differ only slightly in structure, we found that upon binding, they induce completely opposite conformational changes in Hsp90. We observed that NB and KU-32 both bind to the C-terminal domain of Hsp90, but surprisingly, KU-32 stimulated the chaperone functions of Hsp90 via allosteric modulation of its N-terminal domain, responsible for the chaperone's ATPase activity. In vitro and in silico studies indicated that upon KU-32 binding, Hsp90 undergoes global structural changes leading to the formation of a "partially closed" intermediate that selectively binds ATP and increases ATPase activity. We also report that KU-32 promotes HeLa cell survival and enhances the refolding of an Hsp90 substrate inside the cell. This discovery explains the effectiveness of KU-32 analogs in the management of neuropathies and may facilitate the design of molecules that promote cell survival by enhancing Hsp90 chaperone function and reducing the load of misfolded proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhilash Jayaraj
- the Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
| | - Vinay Kumar
- the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India and
| | - Brian Blagg
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Rachel E Davis
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - B Jayaram
- the Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
| | - Shashank Deep
- the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India and
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7
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Betzer C, Jensen PH. Reduced Cytosolic Calcium as an Early Decisive Cellular State in Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:819. [PMID: 30459551 PMCID: PMC6232531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The more than 30-year-old Calcium hypothesis postulates that dysregulation in calcium dependent processes in the aging brain contributes to its increased vulnerability and this concept has been extended to Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Central to the hypothesis is that increased levels of intracellular calcium develop and contributes to neuronal demise. We have studied the impact on cells encountering a gradual build-up of aggregated α-synuclein, which is a central process to Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. Surprisingly, we observed a yet unrecognized phase characterized by a reduced cytosolic calcium in cellular and neuronal models of Parkinson’s disease, caused by α-synuclein aggregates activating the endoplasmic calcium ATPase, SERCA. Counteracting the initial phase with low calcium rescues the subsequent degenerative phase with increased calcium and cell death – and demonstrates this early phase initiates decisive degenerative signals. In this review, we discuss our findings in relation to literature on calcium dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Betzer
- DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Mariano V, Domínguez-Iturza N, Neukomm LJ, Bagni C. Maintenance mechanisms of circuit-integrated axons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:162-173. [PMID: 30241058 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult, circuit-integrated neurons must be maintained and supported for the life span of their host. The attenuation of either maintenance or plasticity leads to impaired circuit function and ultimately to neurodegenerative disorders. Over the last few years, significant discoveries of molecular mechanisms were made that mediate the formation and maintenance of axons. Here, we highlight intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that ensure the health and survival of axons. We also briefly discuss examples of mutations associated with impaired axonal maintenance identified in specific neurological conditions. A better understanding of these mechanisms will therefore help to define targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nuria Domínguez-Iturza
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas J Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
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9
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Park JS, Park D, Ko PW, Kang K, Lee HW. Serum methylmalonic acid correlates with neuropathic pain in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1799-1804. [PMID: 28726051 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a relatively higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The hypothesis is that prolonged levodopa exposure causes vitamin B12 deficiency, which leads to peripheral neuropathy. The aim of our study was to find the relationship between vitamin B12 and its precursor methylmalonic acid (MMA) in IPD patients with neuropathic pain. We performed a cross-sectional study by enrolling consecutive 43 patients who were clinically tested positive for F-18 FP-CIT PET and 15 patients were diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy according to the Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS). The severity of neuropathic pain was evaluated using total neuropathy scale, revised (TNSr), and Korean Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (KNPQ). The correlations between age, IPD duration, levodopa equivalent dose (LED), UPDRS III, vitamin B12, MMA, and homocysteine levels were assessed. The prevalence rate of peripheral neuropathy in IPD patients was 35%. Among the serums assessed, MMA levels showed a positive correlation to TNSr and KNPQ in the IPD patients with peripheral neuropathy (TNSr r = 0.882, p < 0.001, KNPQ r = 0.710, p = 0.004), while Vitamin B12 and homocysteine showed no statistically significant correlation. Our study showed a prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in 35% of Korean IPD patients. The serum MMA positively correlated with the severity of neuropathic pain and this can be used as a useful marker in assessment of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donghwi Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyunghun Kang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. .,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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10
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Resistance wheel exercise from mid-life has minimal effect on sciatic nerves from old mice in which sarcopenia was prevented. Biogerontology 2017; 18:769-790. [PMID: 28597407 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of resistance exercise, initiated from mid-life, to prevent age-related changes in old sciatic nerves, was investigated in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Aging is associated with cellular changes in old sciatic nerves and also loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). Mature adult mice aged 15 months (M) were subjected to increasing voluntary resistance wheel exercise (RWE) over a period of 8 M until 23 M of age. This prevented sarcopenia in the old 23 M aged male and female mice. Nerves of control sedentary (SED) males at 3, 15 and 23 M of age, showed a decrease in the myelinated axon numbers at 15 and 23 M, a decreased g-ratio and a significantly increased proportion of myelinated nerves containing electron-dense aggregates at 23 M. Myelinated axon and nerve diameter, and axonal area, were increased at 15 M compared with 3 and 23 M. Exercise increased myelinated nerve profiles containing aggregates at 23 M. S100 protein, detected with immunoblotting was increased in sciatic nerves of 23 M old SED females, but not males, compared with 15 M, with no effect of exercise. Other neuronal proteins showed no significant alterations with age, gender or exercise. Overall the RWE had no cellular impact on the aging nerves, apart from an increased number of old nerves containing aggregates. Thus the relationship between cellular changes in aging nerves, and their sustained capacity for stimulation of old skeletal muscles to help maintain healthy muscle mass in response to exercise remains unclear.
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11
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Zis P, Grünewald RA, Chaudhuri RK, Hadjivassiliou M. Peripheral neuropathy in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. J Neurol Sci 2017; 378:204-209. [PMID: 28566165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with peripheral neuropathy (PN). PN has been demonstrated in some rare genetic forms of PD (e.g. PARK2 mutations) but has also been linked to levodopa exposure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to clarify any evidence of peripheral nervous system involvement in idiopathic PD. METHODS A systematic computer-based literature search was conducted on PubMed database. FINDINGS The pooled estimate of the prevalence of large fiber PN in PD was 16.3% (based on 1376 patients). The pooled estimate of the prevalence of biopsy-proven small fiber neuropathy was 56.9% (based on 72 patients). Large fiber PN in PD is in the majority of cases distal, symmetrical, axonal and predominantly sensory. There are, however, few reports of chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy and very occasional cases of acute neuropathies. Although nerve conduction studies have been performed in the majority of the studies, they included only a limited number of nerves, mainly in the lower limbs. There is little evidence to support a direct link between levodopa treatment and the development of PN in idiopathic PD. In the majority of the cases PN has been linked to abnormalities in vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid or fasting homocysteine levels. Additional aetiological risk factors for PN may be responsible for any apparent link between PD and PN. CONCLUSIONS Large-scale prospective studies with long-term follow-up with detailed baseline assessments are needed in order to understand the natural history of PN in PD, both on clinical and neurophysiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Zis
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; University of Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - Ray Kallol Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College London and Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; University of Sheffield, UK
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12
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Lahoria R, Pittock SJ, Gadoth A, Engelstad JK, Lennon VA, Klein CJ. Clinical-pathologic correlations in voltage-gated Kv1 potassium channel complex-subtyped autoimmune painful polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:520-525. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Lahoria
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sean J. Pittock
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street SW Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA
| | - Avi Gadoth
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street SW Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA
| | - Janean K. Engelstad
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Vanda A. Lennon
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street SW Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA
| | - Christopher J. Klein
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota USA
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street SW Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA
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13
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Krishnan VS, White Z, McMahon CD, Hodgetts SI, Fitzgerald M, Shavlakadze T, Harvey AR, Grounds MD. A Neurogenic Perspective of Sarcopenia: Time Course Study of Sciatic Nerves From Aging Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:464-78. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Vital A, Lepreux S, Vital C. Peripheral neuropathy and parkinsonism: a large clinical and pathogenic spectrum. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015; 19:333-42. [PMID: 25582874 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) has been reported in idiopathic and hereditary forms of parkinsonism, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear and likely heterogeneous. Levodopa-induced vitamin B12 deficiency has been discussed as a causal factor of PN in idiopathic Parkinson's disease, but peripheral nervous system involvement might also be a consequence of the underlying neurodegenerative process. Occurrence of PN with parkinsonism has been associated with a panel of mitochondrial cytopathies, more frequently related to a nuclear gene defect and mainly polymerase gamma (POLG1) gene. Parkin (PARK2) gene mutations are responsible for juvenile parkinsonism, and possible peripheral nervous system involvement has been reported. Rarely, an association of parkinsonism with PN may be encountered in other neurodegenerative diseases such as fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome related to premutation CGG repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene, Machado-Joseph disease related to an abnormal CAG repeat expansion in ataxin-3 (ATXN3) gene, Kufor-Rakeb syndrome caused by mutations in ATP13A2 gene, or in hereditary systemic disorders such as Gaucher disease due to mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene and Chediak-Higashi syndrome due to LYST gene mutations. This article reviews conditions in which PN may coexist with parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vital
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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Comi C, Magistrelli L, Oggioni GD, Carecchio M, Fleetwood T, Cantello R, Mancini F, Antonini A. Peripheral nervous system involvement in Parkinson's disease: evidence and controversies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:1329-34. [PMID: 25457816 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) have received increasing attention and PD is currently considered a systemic rather than a pure basal ganglia disorder. Among the systemic features, peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a recent acquisition since the first case-control study reporting increased frequency of PN in PD dates back to 2008. METHODS We reviewed available literature on peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement in PD. RESULTS Evidence of α-synuclein deposition in the PNS and small nerve fiber deterioration in both drug-naïve and treated PD patients is becoming stronger. In addition, several recent reports documented a significant role of levodopa exposure together with group B vitamin deficiency in facilitating the development of PN and case reports suggested that treatment with continuous levodopa intestinal infusion may increase the risk of acute PN compared to both oral levodopa and other dopaminergic treatments. CONCLUSION It is currently debated whether PN is an intrinsic disease-related feature, a consequence of levodopa treatment or both. In this review, we will discuss the different hypotheses, as well as our perspective on open issues and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Comi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy.
| | - L Magistrelli
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - G D Oggioni
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - M Carecchio
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - T Fleetwood
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - R Cantello
- Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - F Mancini
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Neurology Unit, San Pio X Clinic, Fondazione Opera San Camillo, Milan, Italy
| | - A Antonini
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
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