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Janssen A, Buschang PH, Tadlock LP, Kesterke MJ, Jing Y. The effects of dietary loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:697-710. [PMID: 38573296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into bone cells explains most condylar growth during prenatal and early postnatal stages, but the mechanisms regulating chondrocyte transdifferentiation during late postnatal growth remain unknown. This study aimed to quantify the effects of dietary loading on chondrocyte-derived osteogenesis during late postnatal condylar growth. METHODS Two compound mouse lines were used to trace the fate of chondrocyte lineage in vivo. Twelve 3-week-old male Aggrecan-CreERT2 (AcanLineage); R26RTdTomato; 2.3 Col10a1-GFP and twelve 3-week-old male Col10a1-Cre (Col10a1Lineage); R26RTdTomato; 2.3Col1a1-GFP were randomly divided into experimental (soft-food diet, n = 6) and control (hard-food diet, n = 6) groups and kept for 6 weeks. One time, tamoxifen injections were given to AcanLineage mice at 3 weeks. Radiographic, microcomputed tomographic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS Radiologic analysis showed that mice with a soft-food diet had smaller mandible lengths as well as decreased bone volume and density for their condylar process. Histologically, mice with soft diets had reduced activity in chondrocyte proliferation and maturation compared with the controls. Cell lineage tracing results showed the number of AcanLineage-derived bone cells (293.8 ± 39.8 vs 207.1 ± 44.6; P = 0.005), as well as total bone cells (445.6 ± 31.7 vs 360.7 ± 46.9; P = 0.004), was significantly higher in the hard-diet group than in the soft-diet group, whereas the number of non-AcanLineage-derived bone cells was not significantly different among groups (P = 0.938). Col10a1Lineage mice showed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS Dietary loading directly affects condyle chondrogenesis and chondrocyte transdifferentiation, which alters the extent of condylar growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Janssen
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Larry P Tadlock
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | | | - Yan Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex.
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2
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Martinello P, Omar NF, Fornel R, de Oliveria AFDR, Gomes JR. Effects of obesity on the rat incisor enamel and dentine thickness, as well as on the hemimandible shape over generations. Ann Anat 2023; 248:152080. [PMID: 36925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has several effects on the general body metabolism. However, little is known about the impact of obesity on the growth and shape of mineralized tissues like mandibles and teeth, as well as if it effects are passed down from generation to next. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate, over nine generations using the consanguineous mating (inbreeding), the effect of the obesity condition produced by the reduction in the number of rats per litter during the lactation period on the hemimandible shape, dentine, and enamel of the rat incisor. Litters were reduced to two males and two females after birth, and were consanguinity mated in adulthood for nine generations. For all evaluations performed in this investigation, only males were used. The control group was formed by a non-consanguineous litter containing eight males. The parameters evaluated were food consumption, body weight, Lee Index, and bone density of the hemimandible bone. Incisor enamel and dentine thickness were also evaluated. The hemimandible shape was evaluated using geometric morphometry. The results show a significant and progressive increase in food intake, Lee Index, body weight, hemimandible weight, and enamel thickness, and a decrease in dentine thickness. The linear measurements of the length of the ramus ascending hemimandibular segment were found to be shorter, while its height was increased. In contrast, the geometric morphometry shows that the general hemimandible shape changed over the consanguineous obesity generations. We conclude that over generations, obesity increases and maintains the parameters evaluated with significant changes in hemimandible shape as well as in the dimensions of enamel and dentine of incisors, suggesting that enamel and dentine could be used as phenotype biomarkers to detect changes in tooth and craniofacial development related to obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Martinello
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Nadia Fayez Omar
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fornel
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - José Rosa Gomes
- Biomedical Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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3
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Dubied M, Montuire S, Navarro N. Functional constraints channel mandible shape ontogenies in rodents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220352. [PMID: 36300135 PMCID: PMC9579770 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the mandible undergoes many changing functional constraints, leading to spatialization of bone formation and remodelling to accommodate various dietary and behavioural changes. The interactions between the bone, muscles and teeth drive this developmental plasticity, which, in turn, could lead to convergences in the developmental processes constraining the directionality of ontogenies, their evolution and thus the adult shape variation. To test the importance of the interactions between tissues in shaping the ontogenetic trajectories, we compared the mandible shape at five postnatal stages on three rodents: the house mouse, the Mongolian gerbil and the golden hamster, using geometric morphometrics. After an early shape differentiation, by both longer gestation and allometric scaling in gerbils or early divergence of postnatal ontogeny in hamsters in comparison with the mouse, the ontogenetic trajectories appear more similar around weaning. The changes in muscle load associated with new food processing and new behaviours at weaning seem to impose similar physical constraints on the mandible, driving the convergences of the ontogeny at that stage despite an early anatomical differentiation. Nonetheless, mice present a rather different timing compared with gerbils or hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Dubied
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Montuire
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
- EPHE, PSL University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
- EPHE, PSL University, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Dubied M, Montuire S, Navarro N. Commonalities and evolutionary divergences of mandible shape ontogenies in rodents. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1637-1652. [PMID: 34449936 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, significant changes take place during postnatal growth, linked to changes in diet (from sucking to gnawing). During this period, mandible development is highly interconnected with muscle growth and the epigenetic interactions between muscle and bone control the spatialization of bone formation and remodelling in response to biomechanical strain. This mechanism contributes to postnatal developmental plasticity and may have influenced the course of evolutionary divergences between species and clades. We sought to model postnatal changes at a macroevolutionary scale by analysing ontogenetic trajectories of mandible shape across 16 species belonging mainly to two suborders of Rodents, Myomorpha and Hystricomorpha, which differ in muscle attachments, tooth growth and life-history traits. Myomorpha species present a much stronger magnitude of changes over a shorter growth period. Among Hystricomorpha, part of the observed adult shape is set up prenatally, and most postnatal trajectories are genus-specific, which agrees with nonlinear developmental trajectories over longer gestational periods. Beside divergence at large scale, we find some collinearities between evolutionary and developmental trajectories. A common developmental trend was also observed, leading to enlargement of the masseter fossa during postnatal growth. The tooth growth, especially hypselodonty, seems to be a major driver of divergences of postnatal trajectories. These muscle- and tooth-related effects on postnatal trajectories suggest opportunities for developmental plasticity in the evolution of the mandible shape, opportunities that may have differed across Rodent clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Dubied
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Montuire
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
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Ginot S, Hautier L, Agret S, Claude J. Decoupled ontogeny of in vivo bite force and mandible morphology reveals effects of weaning and sexual maturation in mice. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The link between performance, morphology and their sources of variation is a major target of evolutionary functional biology. In vertebrates, many studies have linked in vivo bite force to skull morphology, mostly at the interspecific level. Within species, however, the ontogeny of bite force, in relation to the development of the mandible, remains poorly known, despite its relevance for life history and for the co-evolution of form and function. Here, ontogenetic trajectories of bite force, correlated with mandible size and shape, are reported for the first time in a wild-derived colony of laboratory mice. Bite forces were measured in vivo and mandible morphology was assessed using geometric morphometrics. Most coordinated changes in morphology and in vivo bite force occur during the first stages of growth, prior to weaning. Mandible shape stabilizes after day 23. The increases in mandible size and body mass slow down around day 40, but still increase during adulthood. Despite slowing down after weaning, bite force increases through a second phase during sexual maturation (days 30–40). This may be linked to the progressive tempering of weaning stress, continued growth and synchronization of the muscular and osteological systems, together with hormonal changes, as we observed a concomitant appearance of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ginot
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- UMR5242, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL1, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Hautier
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Agret
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Claude
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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Robinson JL, Soria P, Lu HH, Chen J, Wadhwa S. Structure-Function Relationships of the Temporomandibular Joint in Response to Altered Loading. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2019; 33:451–458. [PMID: 31339966 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the effects of decreased occlusal loading (DOL), with or without reloading (RL), on the structure and bite force function of the mandibular condylar fibrocartilage in skeletally mature male mice. METHODS At 13 weeks old, 30 wild type (WT) male mice were subjected to: (1) 6 weeks normal loading (NL); (2) 6 weeks DOL; or (3) 4 weeks DOL + 2 weeks RL. Histomorphometry, cell metabolic activity, gene expression of chondrogenic markers, and bite force tests were performed. RESULTS DOL resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis (P < .0001) and significant decreases in fibrocartilage thickness (P < .05) and hypertrophic chondrocyte markers indian hedgehog and collagen type X (P < .05). A corresponding decrease in bite force was also observed (P < .05). RL treatment resulted in a return to values comparable to NL of chondrogenic maturation markers (P > .10), apoptosis (P > .999), and bite force (P > .90), but not in mandibular condylar fibrocartilage thickness (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS DOL in skeletally mature mice induces mandibular condylar fibrocartilage atrophy at the hypertrophic cell layer with a corresponding decrease in bite force.
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Balanta-Melo J, Torres-Quintana MA, Bemmann M, Vega C, González C, Kupczik K, Toro-Ibacache V, Buvinic S. Masseter muscle atrophy impairs bone quality of the mandibular condyle but not the alveolar process early after induction. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 46:233-241. [PMID: 30468522 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masseter muscle function influences mandibular bone homeostasis. As previously reported, bone resorption markers increased in the mouse mandibular condyle two days after masseter paralysis induced with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA), followed by local bone loss. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the bone quality of both the mandibular condyle and alveolar process in the mandible of adult mice during the early stage of a BoNTA-induced masseter muscle atrophy, using a combined 3D histomorphometrics and shape analysis approach. METHODS Adult BALB/c mice were divided into an untreated control group and an experimental group; the latter received one single BoNTA injection in the right masseter (BoNTA-right) and saline in the left masseter (Saline-left). 3D bone microstructural changes in the mandibular condyle and alveolar process were determined with high-resolution microtomography. Additionally, landmark-based geometric morphometrics was implemented to assess external shape changes. RESULTS After 2 weeks, masseter mass was significantly reduced (P-value <0.001). When compared to Saline-left and untreated condyles, BoNTA-right condyles showed significant bone loss (P-value <0.001) and shape changes. No significant bone loss was observed in the alveolar processes of any of the groups (P-value >0.05). CONCLUSION Condyle bone quality deteriorates at an early stage of BoNTA-induced masseter muscle atrophy, and before the alveolar process is affected. Since the observed bone microstructural changes resemble those in human temporomandibular joint degenerative disorders, the clinical safety of BoNTA intervention in the masticatory apparatus remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Balanta-Melo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Bemmann
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina Vega
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC2016, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Martínez-Vargas J, Muñoz-Muñoz F, López-Fuster MJ, Cubo J, Ventura J. Multimethod Approach to the Early Postnatal Growth of the Mandible in Mice from a Zone of Robertsonian Polymorphism. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1360-1381. [PMID: 29669189 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) shows high karyotypic diversity owing to Robertsonian translocations. Morphometric studies conducted with adult mice suggest that karyotype evolution due to these chromosomal reorganizations entails variation in the form and the patterns of morphological covariation of the mandible. However, information is much scarcer regarding the effect of these rearrangements on the growth pattern of the mouse mandible over early postnatal ontogeny. Here we compare mandible growth from the second to the eighth week of postnatal life between two ontogenetic series of mice from wild populations, with the standard karyotype and with Robertsonian translocations respectively, reared under the same conditions. A multi-method approach is used, including bone histology analyses of mandible surfaces and cross-sections, as well as geometric morphometric analyses of mandible form. The mandibles of both standard and Robertsonian mice display growth acceleration around weaning, anteroposterior direction of bone maturation, a predominance of bone deposition fields over ontogeny, and relatively greater expansion of the posterior mandible region correlated with the ontogenetic increase in mandible size. Nevertheless, differences exist between the two mouse groups regarding the timing of histological maturation of the mandible, the localization of certain bone remodeling fields, the temporospatial patterns of morphological variation, and the organization into two main modules. The dissimilarities in the process of mandible growth between the two groups of mice become more evident around sexual maturity, and could arise from alterations that Robertsonian translocations may exert on genes involved in the bone remodeling mechanism. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Martínez-Vargas
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - María José López-Fuster
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Cubo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jacint Ventura
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Abstract
Morphological divergence of domesticated as compared to wild forms must result from changes in the ontogenetic process. Species-specific tests for heterochrony have rejected a single explanation of domestic forms representing juveniles of their wild relatives. Ontogenetic allometric trajectories for 12 pairs of wild and domestic mammals were examined using skull growth data for 1070 specimens, including representatives from all lineages in which domestication has occurred. A suite of tests were performed to quantify allometric disparity in wild and domestic forms and assess the extent and patterning of modification to allometric trajectories. Domestication has modified postnatal ontogenetic allometric trajectories in mammals, and has generated disparity, achieved through lengthening of trajectory slopes and alteration to slope angles. Allometric disparity was similar for domestic forms compared to their wild relatives, whereas the magnitude of dispersion along allometric vectors differed between precocial mammals and altricial mammals, underscoring the importance of life history and shared evolutionary history in patterns of ontogenetic variation. The results verify the importance of scaling in the morphological changes associated with domestication. The response to domestication for all measured trajectory parameters was variable across species, suggesting multiple pathways of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A B Wilson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Renaud S, Hardouin EA, Quéré JP, Chevret P. Morphometric variations at an ecological scale: Seasonal and local variations in feral and commensal house mice. Mamm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Martínez-Vargas J, Martinez-Maza C, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Medarde N, Lamrous H, López-Fuster MJ, Cubo J, Ventura J. Comparative postnatal histomorphogenesis of the mandible in wild and laboratory mice. Ann Anat 2017; 215:8-19. [PMID: 28935565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated activity of bone cells (i.e., osteoblasts and osteoclasts) during ontogeny underlies observed changes in bone growth rates (recorded in bone histology and bone microstructure) and bone remodeling patterns explaining the ontogenetic variation in bone size and shape. Histological cross-sections of the mandible in the C57BL/6J inbred mouse strain were recently examined in order to analyze the bone microstructure, as well as the directions and rates of bone growth according to the patterns of fluorescent labeling, with the aim of description of the early postnatal histomorphogenesis of this skeletal structure. Here we use the same approach to characterize the histomorphogenesis of the mandible in wild specimens of Mus musculus domesticus, from the second to the eighth week of postnatal life, for the first time. In addition, we assess the degree of similarity in this biological process between the wild specimens examined and the C57BL/6J laboratory strain. Bone microstructure data show that M. musculus domesticus and the C57BL/6J strain differ in the temporospatial pattern of histological maturation of the mandible, which particularly precludes the support of mandibular organization into the alveolar region and the ascending ramus modules at the histological level in M. musculus domesticus. The patterns of fluorescent labeling reveal that the mandible of the wild mice exhibits temporospatial differences in the remodeling pattern, as well as higher growth rates particularly after weaning, compared to the laboratory mice. Since the two mouse groups were reared under the same conditions, the dissimilarities found suggest the existence of differences between the groups in the genetic regulation of bone remodeling, probably as a result of their different genetic backgrounds. Despite the usual suitability of inbred mouse strains as model organisms, inferences from them to natural populations regarding bone growth should be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Martínez-Vargas
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Cayetana Martinez-Maza
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Nuria Medarde
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Hayat Lamrous
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 4 place Jussieu, BC 19, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - María José López-Fuster
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Cubo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 4 place Jussieu, BC 19, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jacint Ventura
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Martínez-Vargas J, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Martinez-Maza C, Molinero A, Ventura J. Postnatal mandible growth in wild and laboratory mice: Differences revealed from bone remodeling patterns and geometric morphometrics. J Morphol 2017; 278:1058-1074. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Martínez-Vargas
- Departament de Biologia Animal; de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal; de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cayetana Martinez-Maza
- Departamento de Paleobiología; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 Madrid E-28006 Spain
| | - Amalia Molinero
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Biologia Cel·lular; de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Jacint Ventura
- Departament de Biologia Animal; de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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On the growth of the largest living rodent: Postnatal skull and dental shape changes in capybara species (Hydrochoerus spp.). Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Powder KE, Albertson RC. Cichlid fishes as a model to understand normal and clinical craniofacial variation. Dev Biol 2016; 415:338-346. [PMID: 26719128 PMCID: PMC4914429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have made great strides towards understanding the etiology of craniofacial disorders, especially for 'simple' Mendelian traits. However, the facial skeleton is a complex trait, and the full spectrum of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors that contribute to its final geometry remain unresolved. Forward genetic screens are constrained with respect to complex traits due to the types of genes and alleles commonly identified, developmental pleiotropy, and limited information about the impact of environmental interactions. Here, we discuss how studies in an evolutionary model - African cichlid fishes - can complement traditional approaches to understand the genetic and developmental origins of complex shape. Cichlids exhibit an unparalleled range of natural craniofacial morphologies that model normal human variation, and in certain instances mimic human facial dysmorphologies. Moreover, the evolutionary history and genomic architecture of cichlids make them an ideal system to identify the genetic basis of these phenotypes via quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and population genomics. Given the molecular conservation of developmental genes and pathways, insights from cichlids are applicable to human facial variation and disease. We review recent work in this system, which has identified lbh as a novel regulator of neural crest cell migration, determined the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways mediate species-specific bone morphologies, and examined how plastic responses to diet modulate adult facial shapes. These studies have not only revealed new roles for existing pathways in craniofacial development, but have identified new genes and mechanisms involved in shaping the craniofacial skeleton. In all, we suggest that combining work in traditional laboratory and evolutionary models offers significant potential to provide a more complete and comprehensive picture of the myriad factors that are involved in the development of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E Powder
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 221 Morrill Science Center South, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 221 Morrill Science Center South, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Navarro N, Maga AM. Does 3D Phenotyping Yield Substantial Insights in the Genetics of the Mouse Mandible Shape? G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:1153-63. [PMID: 26921296 PMCID: PMC4856069 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.024372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the application of high-resolution 3D microcomputed tomography, together with 3D landmarks and geometric morphometrics, to validate and further improve previous quantitative genetic studies that reported QTL responsible for variation in the mandible shape of laboratory mice using a new backcross between C57BL/6J and A/J inbred strains. Despite the increasing availability of 3D imaging techniques, artificial flattening of the mandible by 2D imaging techniques seems at first an acceptable compromise for large-scale phenotyping protocols, thanks to an abundance of low-cost digital imaging systems such as microscopes or digital cameras. We evaluated the gain of information from considering explicitly this additional third dimension, and also from capturing variation on the bone surface where no precise anatomical landmark can be marked. Multivariate QTL mapping conducted with different landmark configurations (2D vs. 3D; manual vs. semilandmarks) broadly agreed with the findings of previous studies. Significantly more QTL (23) were identified and more precisely mapped when the mandible shape was captured with a large set of semilandmarks coupled with manual landmarks. It appears that finer phenotypic characterization of the mandibular shape with 3D landmarks, along with higher density genotyping, yields better insights into the genetic architecture of mandibular development. Most of the main variation is, nonetheless, preferentially embedded in the natural 2D plane of the hemi-mandible, reinforcing the results of earlier influential investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EPHE, PSL Research University, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - A Murat Maga
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
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Eimar H, Tamimi F, Retrouvey JM, Rauch F, Aubin JE, McKee MD. Craniofacial and Dental Defects in the Col1a1Jrt/+ Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Dent Res 2016; 95:761-8. [PMID: 26951553 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516637045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes produce clinical symptoms of both osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) that include abnormal craniofacial growth, dental malocclusion, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. A mouse model (Col1a1(Jrt)/+) was recently developed that had a skeletal phenotype and other features consistent with moderate-to-severe OI and also with EDS. The craniofacial phenotype of 4- and 20-wk-old Col1a1(Jrt)/+ mice and wild-type littermates was assessed by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and morphometry. Teeth and the periodontal ligament compartment were analyzed by µCT, light microscopy/histomorphometry, and electron microscopy. Over time, at 20 wk, Col1a1(Jrt)/+ mice developed smaller heads, a shortened anterior cranial base, class III occlusion, and a mandibular side shift with shorter morphology in the masticatory region (maxilla and mandible). Col1a1(Jrt)/+ mice also had changes in the periodontal compartment and abnormalities in the dentin matrix and mineralization. These findings validate Col1a1(Jrt)/+ mice as a model for OI and EDS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eimar
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J-M Retrouvey
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F Rauch
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J E Aubin
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Background A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the origins of phenotypic diversity. Changes in development, for instance heterochrony, can be a potent source of phenotypic variation. On the other hand, development can also constrain the spectrum of phenotypes that can be produced. In order to understand these dual roles of development in evolution, we examined the developmental trajectory of a trait central to the extensive adaptive radiation of East African cichlid fishes: craniofacial adaptations that allow optimal exploitation of ecological niches. Specifically, we use geometric morphometric analysis to compare morphological ontogenies among six species of Lake Malawi cichlids (n > 500 individuals) that span a major ecomorphological axis. We further evaluate how modulation of Wnt signaling impacts the long-term developmental trajectory of facial development. Results We find that, despite drastic differences in adult craniofacial morphologies, there are general similarities in the path of craniofacial ontogeny among species, suggesting that natural selection is working within a conserved developmental program. However, we also detect species-specific differences in the timing, direction, and/or duration of particular developmental trajectories, including evidence of heterochrony. Previous work in cichlids and other systems suggests that species-specific differences in adult morphology are due to changes in molecular signaling pathways that regulate early craniofacial development. In support of this, we demonstrate that modulation of Wnt signaling at early stages can shift a developmental trajectory into morphospace normally occupied by another species. However, without sustained modulation, craniofacial shape can recover by juvenile stages. This underscores the idea that craniofacial development is robust and that adult head shapes are the product of many molecular changes acting over extended periods of development. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that development acts to both constrain and promote morphological diversity. They also illustrate the modular nature of the craniofacial skeleton and hence the ability of selection to act upon distinct anatomical features in an independent manner. We propose that trophic diversity among cichlids has been achieved via shifts in both specific (e.g., stage-specific changes in gene expression) and global (e.g., heterochrony) ontogenetic processes acting within a conserved developmental program. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13227-015-0020-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wilson LA, Ives R, Cardoso HF, Humphrey LT. Shape, size, and maturity trajectories of the human ilium. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:19-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A.B. Wilson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rachel Ives
- AOC Archaeology Group; St Margaret's Business Centre; Twickenham TW1 1JS UK
| | - Hugo F.V. Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology and Centre for Forensic Research; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Louise T. Humphrey
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
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Anderson PSL, Renaud S, Rayfield EJ. Adaptive plasticity in the mouse mandible. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:85. [PMID: 24742055 PMCID: PMC4002541 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasticity, i.e. non-heritable morphological variation, enables organisms to modify the shape of their skeletal tissues in response to varying environmental stimuli. Plastic variation may also allow individuals to survive in the face of new environmental conditions, enabling the evolution of heritable adaptive traits. However, it is uncertain whether such a plastic response of morphology constitutes an evolutionary adaption itself. Here we investigate whether shape differences due to plastic bone remodelling have functionally advantageous biomechanical consequences in mouse mandibles. Shape characteristics of mandibles from two groups of inbred laboratory mice fed either rodent pellets or ground pellets mixed with jelly were assessed using geometric morphometrics and mechanical advantage measurements of jaw adductor musculature. Results Mandibles raised on diets with differing food consistency showed significant differences in shape, which in turn altered their biomechanical profile. Mice raised on a soft food diet show a reduction in mechanical advantage relative to mice of the same inbred strain raised on a typical hard food diet. Further, the soft food eaters showed lower levels of integration between jaw regions, particularly between the molar and angular region relative to hard food eaters. Conclusions Bone remodelling in mouse mandibles allows for significant shifts in biomechanical ability. Food consistency significantly influences this process in an adaptive direction, as mice raised on hard food develop jaws better suited to handle hard foods. This remodelling also affects the organisation of the mandible, as mice raised on soft food appear to be released from developmental constraints showing less overall integration than those raised on hard foods, but with a shift of integration towards the most solicited regions of the mandible facing such a food, namely the incisors. Our results illustrate how environmentally driven plasticity can lead to adaptive functional changes that increase biomechanical efficiency of food processing in the face of an increased solicitation. In contrast, decreased demand in terms of food processing seems to release developmental interactions between jaw parts involved in mastication, and may generate new patterns of co-variation, possibly opening new directions to subsequent selection. Overall, our results emphasize that mandible shape and integration evolved as parts of a complex system including mechanical loading food resource utilization and possibly foraging behaviour.
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