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Morimoto T, Hirata H, Sugita K, Paholpak P, Kobayashi T, Tanaka T, Kato K, Tsukamoto M, Umeki S, Toda Y, Mawatari M. A view on the skin-bone axis: unraveling similarities and potential of crosstalk. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1360483. [PMID: 38500951 PMCID: PMC10944977 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1360483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The phrase "skin as a mirror of internal medicine," which means that the skin reflects many of the diseases of the internal organs, is a well-known notion. Despite the phenotypic differences between the soft skin and hard bone, the skin and bone are highly associated. Skin and bone consist of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, respectively, which secrete collagen and are involved in synthesis, while Langerhans cells and osteoclasts control turnover. Moreover, the quality and quantity of collagen in the skin and bone may be modified by aging, inflammation, estrogen, diabetes, and glucocorticoids. Skin and bone collagen are pathologically modified by aging, drugs, and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. The structural similarities between the skin and bone and the crosstalk controlling their mutual pathological effects have led to the advocacy of the skin-bone axis. Thus, the skin may mirror the health of the bones and conversely, the condition of the skin may be reflected in the bones. From the perspective of the skin-bone axis, the similarities between skin and bone anatomy, function, and pathology, as well as the crosstalk between the two, are discussed in this review. A thorough elucidation of the pathways governing the skin-bone axis crosstalk would enhance our understanding of disease pathophysiology, facilitating the development of new diagnostics and therapies for skin collagen-induced bone disease and of new osteoporosis diagnostics and therapies that enhance skin collagen to increase bone quality and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatsugu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sugita
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Permsak Paholpak
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Takaomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kinshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shun Umeki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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Collin M, Bigley V. Human dendritic cell subsets: an update. Immunology 2018; 154:3-20. [PMID: 29313948 PMCID: PMC5904714 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collin
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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