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Yang Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Shen H, Lucas C, Kuang B, Tuan RS, Lin H. Condensation-Driven Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Their Own Extracellular Matrix: Formation of Cartilage with Low Hypertrophy and Physiologically Relevant Mechanical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900229. [PMID: 32648682 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate injured cartilage. In this study, MSCs are cultured under confluent conditions for 10 days to optimize the deposition of the extracellular matrix (mECM), which will serve as the scaffold to support MSC chondrogenesis. Subsequently, the MSC-impregnated mECM (MSC-mECM) composite is briefly treated with trypsin, allowing the MSCs to adopt a round morphology without being detached from their own mECM. The constructs are then cultured in a chondrogenic medium. Interestingly, after trypsin removal, the treated MSCs undergo an aggregation process, mimicking mesenchymal condensation during developmental chondrogenesis, specifically indicated by peanut agglutinin staining and immunodetectable N-cadherin expression, followed by robust chondrogenic differentiation. In comparison to conventional pellet culture, chondrogenically induced MSC-mECM displays a similar level of chondrogenesis, but with significantly reduced hypertrophy. The reparative capacity of the MSC-mECM derived construct is assessed using bovine cartilage explants. Mechanical testing and histology results show that engineered cartilage from MSC-mECM forms better integration with the surrounding native cartilage tissue and displays a much lower hypertrophic differentiation than that from pellet culture. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MSC-mECM may be an efficacious stem cell-based product for the repair of hyaline cartilage injury without the use of exogenous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Yang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - He Shen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Caitlin Lucas
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Biao Kuang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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