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Schuh A, Heuzé Y, Gunz P, Berthaume MA, Shaw CN, Hublin JJ, Freidline S. A shared pattern of midfacial bone modelling in hominids suggests deep evolutionary roots for human facial morphogenesis. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232738. [PMID: 38628118 PMCID: PMC11022013 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Midfacial morphology varies between hominoids, in particular between great apes and humans for which the face is small and retracted. The underlying developmental processes for these morphological differences are still largely unknown. Here, we investigate the cellular mechanism of maxillary development (bone modelling, BM), and how potential changes in this process may have shaped facial evolution. We analysed cross-sectional developmental series of gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and present-day humans (n = 183). Individuals were organized into five age groups according to their dental development. To visualize each species's BM pattern and corresponding morphology during ontogeny, maps based on microscopic data were mapped onto species-specific age group average shapes obtained using geometric morphometrics. The amount of bone resorption was quantified and compared between species. Great apes share a highly similar BM pattern, whereas gibbons have a distinctive resorption pattern. This suggests a change in cellular activity on the hominid branch. Humans possess most of the great ape pattern, but bone resorption is high in the canine area from birth on, suggesting a key role of canine reduction in facial evolution. We also observed that humans have high levels of bone resorption during childhood, a feature not shared with other apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schuh
- CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Yann Heuzé
- CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Michael A. Berthaume
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colin N. Shaw
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Freidline
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Brachetta-Aporta N, Gonzalez PN, Bernal V. Association between shape changes and bone remodeling patterns in the middle face during ontogeny in South American populations. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:156-169. [PMID: 33844463 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of facial bones is modeled by processes of bone formation and resorption induced by interactions between tissues and compensatory responses. However, the role of remodeling patterns on the morphological changes within and among populations has been scarcely explored. Here, we assess the association between facial shape and the underlying bone cell activity throughout the ontogeny in two Amerindian populations that represent the extremes of craniofacial variation in South America. The sample comprises 71 individuals (36 adults and 35 subadults) representing hunter-gatherers from Patagonia and horticulturists from Northwest Argentina. We analyzed the shape and size of the zygomatic and the maxilla, and compared them with the patterns of bone formation and resorption. Bone formation and resorption were described by quantitative histological analysis of bone surfaces. Morphological changes were described by landmarks and semilandmarks digitized on 3D surfaces obtained from CT images. The results from multivariate statistics analysis show that the patterns of bone remodeling are associated with variation in the morphology of the middle face. We found a similar pattern of facial shape variation along the ontogenetic trajectory in the two samples, and a similar trend in the amount of formation and resorption activities across ages. The main differences between samples were found in the distribution of the areas of bone formation and resorption, possibly associated with mechanical bone response to masticatory loading. These findings provide clues about the processes and mechanisms of bone development involved in the facial morphological differentiation in human populations from southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brachetta-Aporta
- IIPG, Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Río Negro, Argentina.,UNRN, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- ENyS. Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Bernal
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Schuh A, Kupczik K, Gunz P, Hublin J, Freidline SE. Ontogeny of the human maxilla: a study of intra-population variability combining surface bone histology and geometric morphometrics. J Anat 2019; 235:233-245. [PMID: 31070788 PMCID: PMC6637443 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone modeling is the process by which bone grows in size and models its shape via the cellular activities of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts that respectively form and remove bone. The patterns of expression of these two activities, visible on bone surfaces, are poorly understood during facial ontogeny in Homo sapiens; this is due mainly to small sample sizes and a lack of quantitative data. Furthermore, how microscopic activities are related to the development of morphological features, like the uniquely human-canine fossa, has been rarely explored. We developed novel techniques for quantifying and visualizing variability in bone modeling patterns and applied these methods to the human maxilla to better understand its development at the micro- and macroscopic levels. We used a cross-sectional ontogenetic series of 47 skulls of known calendar age, ranging from birth to 12 years, from a population of European ancestry. Surface histology was employed to record and quantify formation and resorption on the maxilla, and digital maps representing each individual's bone modeling patterns were created. Semilandmark geometric morphometric (GM) methods and multivariate statistics were used to analyze facial growth. Our results demonstrate that surface histology and GM methods give complementary results, and can be used as an integrative approach in ontogenetic studies. The bone modeling patterns specific to our sample are expressed early in ontogeny, and fairly constant through time. Bone resorption varies in the size of its fields, but not in location. Consequently, absence of bone resorption in extinct species with small sample sizes should be interpreted with caution. At the macroscopic level, maxillary growth is predominant in the top half of the bone where bone formation is mostly present. Our results suggest that maxillary growth in humans is highly constrained from early stages in ontogeny, and morphological changes are likely driven by changes in osteoblastic and osteoclastic rates of expression rather than differences in the bone modeling patterns (i.e. changes in location of formation and resorption). Finally, the results of the micro- and macroscopic analyses suggest that the development of the canine fossa results from a combination of bone resorption and bone growth in the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schuh
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and AnthropologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Sarah E. Freidline
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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Brachetta‐Aporta N, Gonzalez PN, Bernal V. Variation in facial bone growth remodeling in prehistoric populations from southern South America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:422-434. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brachetta‐Aporta
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Paula N. Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET‐HEC‐UNAJ) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Bernal
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
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Brachetta-Aporta N, Gonzalez PN, Bernal V. Integrating data on bone modeling and morphological ontogenetic changes of the maxilla in modern humans. Ann Anat 2019; 222:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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