1
|
Paukner D, Wildenberg GA, Badalamente GS, Littlewood PB, Kronforst MR, Palmer SE, Kasthuri N. Synchrotron-source micro-x-ray computed tomography for examining butterfly eyes. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11137. [PMID: 38571794 PMCID: PMC10985371 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparative anatomy is an important tool for investigating evolutionary relationships among species, but the lack of scalable imaging tools and stains for rapidly mapping the microscale anatomies of related species poses a major impediment to using comparative anatomy approaches for identifying evolutionary adaptations. We describe a method using synchrotron source micro-x-ray computed tomography (syn-μXCT) combined with machine learning algorithms for high-throughput imaging of Lepidoptera (i.e., butterfly and moth) eyes. Our pipeline allows for imaging at rates of ~15 min/mm3 at 600 nm3 resolution. Image contrast is generated using standard electron microscopy labeling approaches (e.g., osmium tetroxide) that unbiasedly labels all cellular membranes in a species-independent manner thus removing any barrier to imaging any species of interest. To demonstrate the power of the method, we analyzed the 3D morphologies of butterfly crystalline cones, a part of the visual system associated with acuity and sensitivity and found significant variation within six butterfly individuals. Despite this variation, a classic measure of optimization, the ratio of interommatidial angle to resolving power of ommatidia, largely agrees with early work on eye geometry across species. We show that this method can successfully be used to determine compound eye organization and crystalline cone morphology. Our novel pipeline provides for fast, scalable visualization and analysis of eye anatomies that can be applied to any arthropod species, enabling new questions about evolutionary adaptations of compound eyes and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Paukner
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinoisUSA
- Department of Organismal Biology and AnatomyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregg A. Wildenberg
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinoisUSA
| | - Griffin S. Badalamente
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of ZoologyThe Old Schools, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Stephanie E. Palmer
- Department of Organismal Biology and AnatomyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sismono F, Mancini L, Leblans M, Goyens J, De Greve G, Schneiders S, Beckers K, Dirckx J, De Foer B, Zarowski A. Synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography for the visualization of intra-cochlear anatomy in human temporal bones implanted with a perimodiolar cochlear implant electrode array. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:327-332. [PMID: 33399585 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (SRµCT) has emerged as a promising tool for non-destructive, in situ visualization of cochlear implant electrode arrays inserted into a human cochlea. Histological techniques have been the `gold standard' technique for accurate localization of cochlear implant electrodes but are suboptimal for precise three-dimensional measurements. Here, an SRµCT experimental setup is proposed that offers the benefit of a high spatial and contrast resolution (isotropic voxel size = 4.95 µm and propagation-based phase-contrast imaging), while visualizing the soft-tissue structures and electrode array of the cochlear implant simultaneously. In this work, perimodiolar electrode arrays have been tested, which incorporate thick and closely spaced platinum-iridium contacts and wiring. These data can assist cochlear implant and hearing research, can be used to verify electrode segmentation techniques for clinical computed tomography or could be utilized to evaluate cochlear implant electrode array designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fergio Sismono
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Marc Leblans
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Jana Goyens
- Department Biology, Lab Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Glynnis De Greve
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sara Schneiders
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Karen Beckers
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Joris Dirckx
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Bert De Foer
- Department of Radiology, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Zarowski
- European Institute for ORL-HNS, GZA Hospitals Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goyens J. High ellipticity reduces semi-circular canal sensitivity in squamates compared to mammals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16428. [PMID: 31712592 PMCID: PMC6848070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The semi-circular canals in the inner ear sense head rotations. It is widely recognised that the anatomy of the semi-circular canals is often adapted to the species-specific agility, in order to provide the necessary sensitivity. Based on research on mammals, the ellipticity of the semi-circular canal was so far considered as a non-important factor herein. A dataset of 125 squamate species and 156 mammalian species, now shows that the posterior semi-circular canal of squamates is much more elliptical (eccentricities ranging between 0.76 and 0.94) than that of mammals (eccentricities ranging between 0 and 0.71). Fluid-Structure Interaction computer models show that the effect of the ellipticity on sensitivity is strongest in small semi-circular canals. This new insight indicates that the high ellipticity in squamates leads to a severe reduction in sensitivity of up to 45%. In mammals, on the other hand, the reduction in sensitivity is limited to 13%, which is consistent with previous literature that found a limited effect of semi-circular canal ellipticity in mammals. Further, there is a strongly negative correlation between semi-circular canal size and eccentricity in squamates, which is absent in mammals. Hence, the smallest squamates have the most elliptical semi-circular canals. In general, the smaller the semi-circular canal, the less sensitive it is. Therefore, the highly elliptical squamate canals are probably the result of fitting the largest possible canal in small and flat head. Miniaturising the canals while maintaining a circular shape would reduce the sensitivity by another 73% compared to the highly elliptical canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Goyens
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|