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Gasperoni JG, Tran SC, Grommen SVH, De Groef B, Dworkin S. The Role of PLAG1 in Mouse Brain Development and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5851-5867. [PMID: 38240991 PMCID: PMC11249490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (Plag1) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of growth and cellular proliferation. Here, we report the spatial distribution and functional implications of PLAG1 expression in the adult mouse brain. We identified Plag1 promoter-dependent β-galactosidase expression in various brain structures, including the hippocampus, cortex, choroid plexus, subcommisural organ, ependymal cells lining the third ventricle, medial and lateral habenulae and amygdala. We noted striking spatial-restriction of PLAG1 within the cornu ammonis (CA1) region of the hippocampus and layer-specific cortical expression, with abundant expression noted in all layers except layer 5. Furthermore, our study delved into the role of PLAG1 in neurodevelopment, focusing on its impact on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Loss of Plag1 resulted in reduced proliferation and decreased production of neocortical progenitors in vivo, although ex vivo neurosphere experiments revealed no cell-intrinsic defects in the proliferative or neurogenic capacity of Plag1-deficient neural progenitors. Lastly, we explored potential target genes of PLAG1 in the cortex, identifying that Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) was significantly downregulated in Plag1-deficient mice. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the spatial distribution of PLAG1 expression in the adult mouse brain and its potential role in neurodevelopment. These findings expand our understanding of the functional significance of PLAG1 within the brain, with potential implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma G Gasperoni
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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Gilbert TT, Olopade FE, Ladagu AD, Lanipekun DO, Fatola OI, Folarin OR, Olopade JO. Microscopic anatomy of the subcommissural organ in the brain of the adult greater cane rat (Rodentia: Thryonomyidae). Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12990. [PMID: 37874623 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a well-developed gland present in the brain of vertebrates. The SCO secretes glycoproteins into the circulating cerebrospinal fluid and these assemble to form Reissner's fibre. It also plays an important function in neurogenesis and axonal guidance during embryogenesis. This study delves into the microscopic anatomy of the SCO in the adult greater cane rat (GCR), shedding light on its histoarchitectural characteristics. By utilizing histological techniques and microscopic analysis, we investigated the SCO's location and cellular composition within the brain of adult GCR. Our findings showed that the SCO in this species is located ventrally to the posterior commissure (PC) and dorsally to the third ventricle. The SCO consists of specialized ependymal or nuclear cell layer and apical processes lining the third ventricle. Moreover, the SCO's proximity to the PC and the third ventricle highlights its strategic position within the brain's ventricular system. With immunohistochemical analyses, the SCO cells expressed glial fibrillary protein when immunolabelled with Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) antibody, a marker for astrocytes/astrocytic-like cells. Few microglia-like cells were immuno-positive for Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) antibody, that are existing within the SCO. However, the SCO in the GCR showed a negative immunostaining to NeuN antibody. This study contributes to our understanding of the microscopic anatomy of the SCO in a lesser-studied mammalian species. Further research into the SCO's functional significance especially during development in the GCR, may hold promise for more insights into neurological health and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Gilbert
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - F E Olopade
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A D Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - D O Lanipekun
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O I Fatola
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O R Folarin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Inada H, Corales LG, Osumi N. A novel feature of the ancient organ: A possible involvement of the subcommissural organ in neurogenic/gliogenic potential in the adult brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1141913. [PMID: 36960167 PMCID: PMC10027738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a circumventricular organ highly conserved in vertebrates from Cyclostomata such as lamprey to mammals including human. The SCO locates in the boundary between the third ventricle and the entrance of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The SCO functions as a secretory organ producing a variety of proteins such as SCO-spondin, transthyretin, and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A significant contribution of the SCO has been thought to maintain the homeostasis of CSF dynamics. However, evidence has shown a possible role of SCO on neurogenesis in the adult brain. This review highlights specific features of the SCO related to adult neurogenesis, suggested by the progress of understanding SCO functions. We begin with a brief history of the SCO discovery and continue to structural features, gene expression, and a possible role in adult neurogenesis suggested by the SCO transplant experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Inada
- Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitoshi Inada,
| | - Laarni Grace Corales
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Carmona-Calero EM, González-Toledo JM, Hernández-Abad LG, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, González-Marrero I. Early Regressive Development of the Subcommissural Organ of Two Human Fetuses with Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121966. [PMID: 36553409 PMCID: PMC9776597 DOI: 10.3390/children9121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a central nervous system condition characterized by CSF buildup and ventricular hypertrophy. It is divided into two types: communicative and non-communicating hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus has been linked to several changes in the subcommissural organ (SCO). However, it is unclear whether these changes occur before or as a result of the hydrocephalic illness. This report presents three cases of human fetuses with hydrocephalus: one non-communicating case, two communicating cases, and two controls. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) or cresyl violet and immunohistochemistry with anti-transthyretin were used to analyze SCO morphological and secretory changes. We conclude that in the cases presented here, there could be an early regression in the SCO of the communicating cases that is not present in the non-communicating case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Carmona-Calero
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Ofra, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias Puerto del Rosario, 35600 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan M. González-Toledo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Ofra, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis G. Hernández-Abad
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Ofra, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustin Castañeyra-Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Ofra, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias Puerto del Rosario, 35600 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim González-Marrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Ofra, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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