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Hirose A, Terauchi M, Odai T, Fudono A, Tsurane K, Sekiguchi M, Iwata M, Anzai T, Takahashi K, Miyasaka N. Investigation of exacerbating factors for postpartum hair loss: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2023; 9:e084. [PMID: 38323220 PMCID: PMC10846762 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although postpartum hair loss is believed to be common, there is little reliable information. Objective We sought to examine the factors that were associated with postpartum hair loss and to elucidate factors correlated with its pathogenesis. Methods We carried out a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The study participants were women who delivered at 2 facilities and filled the questionnaire 10-18 months after delivery. The survey questionnaire included baseline characteristics, pregnancy details, delivery, childcare, and extent of postpartum hair loss. We divided participants into 2 groups according to the absence or presence of postpartum hair loss and performed logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 331 (21.0%) responses were analyzed; among these 304 (91.8%) women had postpartum hair loss. The average time for the start, peak, and end of hair loss was 2.9, 5.1, and 8.1 months, respectively. Women with hair loss had an earlier time of delivery, a lower birth weight, a higher preterm labor rate, and longer-term breastfeeding. Logistical regression analyses revealed that longer-term breastfeeding and preterm labor were independent predictors of postpartum hair loss. The adjusted odds ratio for postpartum hair loss in women who ended breastfeeding 6-12 months postpartum versus those who ended it after 12 months or more was 5.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.68, 21.09]) and 6.37 (95% CI [1.95, 20.76]) compared with those who stopped breastfeeding within 6 months postpartum. Limitations Finer details such as pregnancy complications and delivery information may not be accurate since all results are based on questionnaire responses. There may be a sampling bias because women who suffer from postpartum hair loss may tend to participate more frequently. Conclusion Over 90% of women experienced postpartum hair loss. Our data show that long-term breastfeeding and preterm labor correlate with postpartum hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Women’s Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Odai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Women’s Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Fudono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoi Tsurane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Minami-Otsuka, Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Interrelationships between Skin Structure, Function, and Microbiome of Pregnant Females and Their Newborns: Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. Dermatol Res Pract 2021; 2021:4163705. [PMID: 34840564 PMCID: PMC8612799 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy leads to several skin changes, but evidence about structural and functional skin changes is scarce. Findings on skin structure and function in children in their first year reveal rapid skin maturation, but evidence indicates that in particular, water holding and transport mechanisms are different from adults. Important questions include whether maternal cutaneous properties predict infant skin condition, and if so, how. This is especially relevant for the skin's microbiome because it closely interacts with the host and is assumed to play a role in many skin diseases. Therefore, the study objective is to explore characteristics of skin and hair of pregnant women and their newborns during pregnancy and in the first six months after delivery and their associations. Methods The study has an observational longitudinal design. We are recruiting pregnant females between 18 and 45 years using advertisement campaigns in waiting areas of gynecologists and hospital's outpatient services. A final sample size of n = 100 women is the target. We perform noninvasive, standardized skin, hair, and skin microbiome measurements. We establish the baseline visit during pregnancy until at the latest four weeks before delivery. We schedule follow-up visits four weeks and six months after birth for mothers and their newborns. We will calculate descriptive statistical methods using frequencies and associations over time depending on scale levels of the measurements. Discussion. The majority of previous studies that have investigated infants' skin microbiome and its associations used cross-sectional designs and focused on selected characteristics in small samples. In our longitudinal study, we will characterize a broad range of individual and environmental characteristics of mothers and their newborns to evaluate interrelationships with skin parameters and their changes over time. Considering the combination of these multiple variables and levels will allow for a deeper understanding of the complex interrelationship of the newborn's skin maturation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04759924).
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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8125081. [PMID: 32425997 PMCID: PMC7222612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.
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