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Sangha MS, Deroide F, Meys R. Wound healing, scarring and management. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:325-336. [PMID: 38001053 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding wound healing is imperative for the dermatological physician to optimize surgical outcomes. Poor healing may result in negative functional, cosmetic and psychological sequelae. This review briefly outlines the physiology of wound healing, with a view to improving the management of wounds and scars, and minimizing the long-term scarring complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Deroide
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rhonda Meys
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Savitri D, Wahyuni S, Bukhari A, Djawad K, Hatta M, Riyanto P, Bahar B, Wahab S, Hamid F, Rifai Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of banana ( Musa balbisiana) peel extract on acne vulgaris: In vivo and in silico study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1586-1598. [PMID: 37693819 PMCID: PMC10492217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common problem with a relatively high incidence rate among Asian people. The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of banana peels have been demonstrated in previous studies but have not been studied in cases of AV. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the protective effects of banana (Musa balbisiana) peel extract (MBPE) against AV. Methods Thirty rats were divided into five groups (n = 6 rats per group): an AV group, AV group treated with 0.15% MBPE, AV group administered 0.30% MBPE, AV group administered 0.60% MBPE, and AV group administered clindamycin (the standard drug treatment). We assessed nodule size, bacterial count, histopathology, and cytokine levels (IL-1α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-8). Enzyme linked immunoassays were used to measure the cytokine levels. In addition, we performed molecular docking studies to determine the interactions between phytochemicals (trigonelline, vanillin, ferulic acid, isovanillic acid, rutin, and salsolinol) via the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Results All MBPE treatment groups, compared with the AV group, showed suppression of both bacterial growth and proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as resolved tissue inflammation. The nodule size was significantly suppressed in the groups receiving the two highest doses of MBPE, compared with the AV group. However, the pharmacological action of MBPE remained inferior to that of clindamycin. Docking studies demonstrated that rutin was the phytocompound with the most negative interaction energy with TLR2 or NF-κB. Conclusions Our results indicated that MBPE has anti-inflammatory effects against AV, by suppressing nodule formation, inhibiting bacterial growth, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwiana Savitri
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Sitti Wahyuni
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Khairuddin Djawad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Puguh Riyanto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Burhanuddin Bahar
- Department of Health Administration and Policy Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Siswanto Wahab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Firdaus Hamid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Yusnita Rifai
- Departement of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Zhang H, Zhang Z. Genetic Variants Associated with Acne Vulgaris. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3843-3856. [PMID: 37662507 PMCID: PMC10473401 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s421835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) ranks among the common chronic inflammatory disorders that impact the sebaceous components of hair follicles. Acne vulgaris is characterised by cardinal manifestations such as the presence of pimples, nodules, pustules, and cysts, which have the potential to lead to the development of acne scarring and pigmentation. The phenomenon is influenced by polygenic inheritance or can be ascribed to the interplay between multiple genes and environmental factors. In recent years, some researchers have found that some genes (such as IL, TNF, RETN, CYP family, MMPs and TIMPs genes et al) are associated with acne vulgaris and may affect the progression and prognosis of the disease. The number of reviews addressing acne-associated genetic variants, however, is limited. In that case, we have compiled a list of prevalent genes associated with acne in recent times. This helps us understand acne's genetic basis and lets us step in early for people prone to severe acne, lowering the chance of acne scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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ElAttar Y, Mourad B, Alngomy HA, Deen ASE, Ismail M. Study of Interleukin-1Beta Expression in Acne Vulgaris and Acne Scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4864-4870. [PMID: 35174608 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease that mostly heals by scarring. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine, suggested to play a key role in acne pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IL1β in acne vulgaris and acne scars to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis and to study the relation between expression of IL1β and the clinicopathological parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on sixty subjects (twenty patients with acne vulgaris and twenty patients with acne scars), and twenty healthy volunteers as controls. Skin biopsies were taken from patients and controls for routine histopathological examination with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC staining of IL-1β. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in expression of IL-1β in acne vulgaris compared to post-acne scars and controls, (p<0.001) for both. IL-1β expression was significantly positively correlated with both clinical severity of acne vulgaris (p=0.022) and severity of histopathological inflammation (p=0.011). CONCLUSION IL-1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus IL-1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post acne scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina ElAttar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Basma Mourad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Aliaa Shams El Deen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ismail
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Wen X, Du H, Hao X, Zhang H, Guo Y. TIMP2 genetic variation rs4789932 may associate with an increased risk of developing acne scarring based on a case-control study of Chinese Han population. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4740-4747. [PMID: 35020251 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that has a higher prevalence in adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have indicated that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its risk. The protein encoded by the TIMP2 gene is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Changes in TIMP2 expression are speculated to disrupt the TIMP/MMP balance and result in acne scarring. AIMS Our study aimed to comprehensively explore the potential genetic susceptibility of TIMP2 to acne scarring based on a case-control study. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 1060 patients with acne scarring (cases) and 2162 patients without acne scarring (controls) were enrolled in the present study. Seventeen tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TIMP2 gene were selected for genotyping. Genetic association analyses were conducted at both the single marker and haplotypic levels. Single marker-based association analyses were performed in the genotypic model and allelic model. The distributions of clinical variables in different genotype groups of targeted SNPs in patients with acne scarring were also examined. RESULTS SNP rs4789932 was identified to be significantly associated with the risk of acne scarring in both the genotypic model (p = 0.001) and allelic model (p = 0.0002). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was significantly associated with an increased risk of acne scarring (OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.10-1.37]). Significant differences were identified between the SNP rs4789932 genotypes and the clinical severity of acne scarring (p < 2.2 × 10-16 ). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was associated with severe clinical features of acne scarring. CONCLUSIONS A significant genetic marker of the promoter region in TIMP2 was identified to contribute to the risk of acne scarring in the Chinese Han population and was significantly associated with the clinical severity of acne scarring in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Wen
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huicong Du
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongke Zhang
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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The Immunogenetics of Acne. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:137-154. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Younis S, Shamim S, Nisar K, Deeba F, Mehmood S, Mumtaz S, Blumenberg M, Javed Q. Association of TNF-α polymorphisms (-857, -863 and -1031), TNF-α serum level and lipid profile with acne vulgaris. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6615-6620. [PMID: 34764777 PMCID: PMC8568822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne is an inflammatory condition principally affected by genetic and dietary factors. Investigation into functional polymorphisms of TNF-α gene and their association with acne vulgaris will be helpful in exploring genetic influence on skin immune mediated inflammatory events. In the present study, we analyzed association of TNF-α gene polymorphisms, its expression levels and lipid profiles in a large cohort of acne patients and controls. Methods We used PCR-RFLP to study association of TNF-α polymorphisms at −857C/T, −863C/A and −1031 T/C sites with acne vulgaris. Lipid profiles were measured using enzymatic end-point method. The serum levels of TNF-α and apolipoprotein a were measured using ELISA. NIH, LDlink was used to investigate patterns of linkage disequilibrium across south Asian reference genome (Punjabi from Lahore Pakistan). Results We found that TNF-α −863 polymorphism is strongly associated with acne in overall population as well as in gender and severity based groups of acne patients. Polymorphisms at −863 and −1031 position were in linkage disequilibrium. Importantly, TNF-α serum level was significantly increased in acne patients with severe disease symptoms. Furthermore, levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly increased, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly decreased in acne patients. The levels of apolipoprotein a varied widely in studied populations and no significant difference was found in the analyzed groups. Conclusion In conclusion, we found that TNF-α expression increases in acne patients affected by TNF-α polymorphisms, and that the lipid profile is specifically disrupted in acne patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Younis
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,The R. O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sana Shamim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Nisar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sabba Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Miroslav Blumenberg
- The R. O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Qamar Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
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Heng AHS, Say YH, Sio YY, Ng YT, Chew FT. Gene variants associated with acne vulgaris presentation and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 33849530 PMCID: PMC8045239 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors have been attributed to acne vulgaris predisposition and individual variations in the severity of skin symptoms, and genetics stood out as one of the major factors. METHODS We performed a systematic review on the genes and their variants that have been investigated for association with acne presentation and severity. A random-effect meta-analysis using the allele model (minor allele vs. major allele) was also conducted to provide an overall estimation of risk effects of frequently reported gene variants. This included a subset data of 982 acne cases and 846 controls extracted from our existing GWAS database on various allergic and skin diseases among Singapore Chinese. RESULTS Systematic review of 51 articles covering Asians and Caucasians found 60 genes/loci and their 100 variants implicated in acne; majority of them were in the intron, coding region/missense, and promoter regions. The commonly studied candidate genes/gene families include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the interleukin (IL) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene families. Our meta-analysis showed that most of the analyzed gene variants exhibited insignificant pooled odds ratio (pOR) and significant heterogeneity between studies. Nevertheless, we found that TNF rs1800629 A allele carriers and CYP17A1 rs743572 T allele carriers had significantly reduced mild acne risk [pOR: 0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.33-0.86] and severe acne risk (pOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.79), respectively, across populations. Overall, FST (follistatin) rs629725 A allele poses a significantly modest increased risk for acne presentation (pOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23), but neither TIMP2 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2) rs8179090 nor CYP1A1 rs4646903 (pOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80-1.12; pOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.08), respectively. We discovered 15 novel SNPs in the 3' UTR region of the Toll-like Receptor 4 gene (TLR4) associated with acne presentation. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that genes influencing inflammatory responses, specifically TNF, and genes influencing the function and activity of sebaceous glands, specifically CYP17A1 and FST, have potential risk variants for acne presentation and severity across populations. Understanding the genetic susceptibility factors and biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acne will help us to gain insights into developing effective acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hwee Sing Heng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yee-How Say
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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