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Lee S, Hyun J, Shin Y, Leo Goo B. Efficacy and safety of a novel monopolar radiofrequency device with a continuous water-cooling system in patients with age-related facial volume loss. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2333028. [PMID: 39069295 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2333028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esthetic radiofrequency (RF) technology has much attracted public attention with the increasing demand for skin rejuvenation. A continuous water cooling-based monopolar RF (MRF) device was designed for the first time to protect the epidermis and maximize clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE Assess the efficacy and safety of the proposed MRF device in patients with mild-to-moderate sunken cheeks and jawline laxity. METHODS Twenty-one patients underwent a single session of MRF treatment. Quantitative analysis was performed using a 3D imaging technique. Postprocedural clinical improvements were assessed with the Merz Scale. Regarding safety, adverse events (AEs), thermal sensation (TS) and pain intensity were explored. Patient satisfaction was surveyed with the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). RESULTS The follow-up investigation demonstrated that facial volume increased across the cheek and jawline, with lifting effects throughout the treatment area. The Merz Scale assessment revealed that sunken cheeks, sagging jawlines and wrinkles were markedly improved. In addition, there were transient AEs, mild TS and moderate pain. In SAQ, 81% patients were satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS This study provided quantitative evidence for postprocedural volumetric increases along with enhanced lifting effects, strongly implying that the proposed MRF device can be an attractive option for improving facial skin volume loss and laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Hyun
- Clinical Trial Center, Corederm Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Shin
- Clinical Trial Center, Corederm Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Boncheol Leo Goo
- Clinical Trial Center, Corederm Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Skin Rehabilitation Center, Naeum Dermatology and Aesthetics Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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Goldberg DJ, Lal K. Treatment with synchronized radiofrequency and facial muscle stimulation: Histologic analysis of human skin for changes in collagen and elastin fibers. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1620-1628. [PMID: 38468421 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin's exposure to intrinsic and extrinsic factors causes age-related changes, leading to a lower amount of dermal collagen and elastin. AIM This study investigated the effects of a novel facial muscle stimulation technology combined with radiofrequency (RF) heating on dermal collagen and elastin content for the treatment of facial wrinkles and skin laxity. METHODS The active group subjects (N = 6) received four 20-min facial treatments with simultaneous RF and facial muscle stimulation, once weekly. The control subject (N = 1) was untreated. Skin biopsies obtained at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up were evaluated histologically to determine collagen and elastin fibers content. A group of independent aestheticians evaluated facial skin appearance and wrinkle severity. Patient safety was followed. RESULTS In the active group, collagen-occupied area reached 11.91 ± 1.80 × 106 μm2 (+25.32%, p < 0.05) and 12.35 ± 1.44 × 105 μm2 (+30.00%, p < 0.05) at 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Elastin-occupied area at 1-month and 3-month follow-up was 1.64 ± 0.14 × 105 μm2 (+67.23%, p < 0.05), and 1.99 ± 0.21 × 105 μm2 (+102.80%, p < 0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in collagen and elastin fibers. Active group wrinkle scores decreased from 5 (moderate, class II) to 3 (mild, class I). All subjects, except the control, improved in appearance posttreatment. No adverse events or side effects occurred. CONCLUSION Decreased dermal collagen and elastin levels contributes to a gradual decline in skin elasticity, leading to facial wrinkles and unfirm skin. Study results showed noticeable improvement in facial appearance and increased dermal collagen and elastin content subsequent to simultaneous, noninvasive RF, and facial muscle stimulation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Goldberg
- Skin Laser and Surgery Specialists, A Division of Schweiger Dermatology, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karan Lal
- Skin Laser and Surgery Specialists, A Division of Schweiger Dermatology, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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Zhang C, Wang M, Li Y, Yan Y. Histological examination of skin tissue in the porcine animal model after application of a new monopolar radiofrequency. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:298-304. [PMID: 38304960 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the safety of the radiofrequency device and its efficacy in various treatment and refrigeration modes. METHODS Four 4-week Bama miniature pigs were used in this study, and four repeated treatment sites were selected on the pig's abdomen, each site consisting of 6 different treatment and cooling modes, with radiofrequency device (YouMagic; WE Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) administered every 3-5 s for a total of five treatments. The handheld infrared thermometer (HIKMICRO; Hangzhou Hikmicro Sensing Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to monitor the surface temperature of skin. Twenty minutes after the completion of treatment, a biopsy of the treatment and control area was performed on the pigs using a 4-mm biopsy punch. One-month after the treatment, samples were obtained using surgical scalpels. After that we used proper staining to estimate the therapeutic efficacy. At last, SPSS and Image J were used to proceed to the next step of analysis. RESULTS During the therapy, no side effects were observed apart from mild transient erythema caused by the heating of skin temperature, staining of biopsy samples taken 20 min after treatment showed no serious damage of dermis. After 1 month of treatment, it can increase collagen I and elastin production. In addition, increases in energy setting at a standard pass number also increased the expression of collagen I. Meanwhile, we also found an increase in the thickness of the dermal layer among all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The new monopolar radiofrequency instrument possesses excellent therapeutic safety. After 1 month of treatment, it can increase collagen I and elastin production in 2-month-old Bama miniature pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Choi S, Kim J, Lee YI, Lee SG, Jung I, Suk J, Lee JH. Efficacy and safety of a home-use handheld multi-energy-based device for skin rejuvenation: clinical, ex vivo, and histological studies. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:38. [PMID: 38236440 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alongside increases in the average lifespan and a growing interest in anti-aging remedies, the demand for at-home skincare devices is rapidly expanding in the cosmetic market. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel home-use handheld multi-energy-based device for skin rejuvenation that simultaneously emits low level light, low-dose radiofrequency, low-energy microcurrent, and low-intensity ultrasonic wave. This prospective, randomized, split-face clinical trial enrolled 36 healthy Korean women. After 8 weeks of device use, parameters associated with skin aging were assessed. Additionally, a preliminary ex vivo study and skin biopsy following device use were performed to confirm safety and efficiency of the device. Parameters associated with skin aging including skin hydration, elasticity, roughness, skin pore size, and eye wrinkle volume showed significant improvements after 8 weeks of the device use, relative to baseline measurements and the control side. No adverse effects were observed during the follow-up period. Results of ex vivo and in vivo skin tissue studies correlated with clinical findings, which showed an increase in the expression of type 1 collagen and a decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which is related to the skin aging phenotype. The expression of loricrin and involucrin, major components of the epidermal skin barrier, also increased after the use of the device. Multi-energy-based device is effective for skin rejuvenation and tolerable, without any considerable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Choi
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jemin Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Inhee Jung
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangmi Suk
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Dhillon RK, Dayan SH, Hexsel D, Shridharani S, Chilukuri S, LaTowsky B, Fabi SG. Update: Cellulite Therapies and Optimizing Treatment Combinations. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1508-1520. [PMID: 37184131 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulite in the proximal lower extremities is a reported concern among many adult females. The unsightly appearance of cellulite leads many affected individuals to seek treatment by trained specialists. The objective of this review is to provide the reader with an update on new and innovative therapies for cellulite including various treatment combinations to maximize therapeutic outcomes, and strategies for minimizing adverse events. The availability of new technologies and the results from recent clinical trials provide additional tools and data to consider when creating treatment plans for cellulite patients. This update to previous treatment recommendations is based on the most recent developments in cellulite management including the personal experiences of the authors with an emphasis on injectable enzymes, acoustic subcision, targeted verifiable subcision, and biostimulators. Formal clinical studies are warranted to compare various treatment modalities and further investigate combination regimens. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Duncan DI, Busso M. Effectiveness of combined use of targeted pressure energy, radiofrequency, and high-intensity focused electromagnetic fields to improve skin quality and appearance of fat and muscle tissue in different body parts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:200-205. [PMID: 36045512 PMCID: PMC10087797 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inevitable signs of aging are especially noticeable in middle to elder age when stretch marks, loose skin, cellulite, and body-contour changes naturally appear. AIMS To verify efficacy of high-intensity focused electromagnetic field (HIFEM), radiofrequency (RF), and Targeted Pressure Energy (TPE) combination treatment to address unfavorable changes in skin, fat, and muscle tissue. METHODS The device simultaneously emitting monopolar RF and TPE energies was consecutively combined with simultaneous HIFEM+RF procedure in 32 subjects (21-64 years, 17.4-33.5 kg/m2 ) for treatment of thighs (N = 15; back, inner, or front), buttocks/saddlebags (N = 7), abdomen (N = 8), and upper arms (N = 2). All patients underwent four weekly, combined treatments of 30-min HIFEM+RF procedure followed by 15-30 min RF+TPE, depending on treatment area. Circumferential measurements, digital photographs, subject satisfaction, and comfort questionnaires were assessed up to 3-months post-treatment. RESULTS Majority of participants found treatments comfortable, no adverse events occurred. Subjects showed substantial improvement in all treated areas from 1-month follow-up. Combination of HIFEM+RF, monopolar RF, and TPE resulted in significant circumference decrease. Generally, more pronounced results were seen at 3 months when subjects showed -5.2 cm on abdomen, -3.0 cm on thighs, and -5.5 cm on saddlebags, respectively. Ninety-four percent of subjects were satisfied with treatment results, most noticed improvement in cellulite, skin laxity, and muscle definition. CONCLUSIONS Results showed high patient satisfaction and efficacy in improving body contour and skin quality. Combining simultaneous HIFEM+RF procedure with simultaneous monopolar RF+TPE treatments considerably enhanced body contour and skin tissue. The procedure proved versatile and may effectively treat multiple body parts.
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Duncan DI. Combination treatment for buttock and abdominal remodeling and skin improvement using HIFEM procedure and simultaneous delivery of radiofrequency and targeted pressure energy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3893-3898. [PMID: 34679227 PMCID: PMC9298235 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background High‐intensity electromagnetic field procedure (HIFEM) is an effective tool for body shaping and muscle toning. Radiofrequency (RF) combined with targeted pressure energy (TPE) provides the solution for skin laxity and cellulite. Aims To document the effect of consecutive use of HIFEM, RF, and TPE for treatment of abdomen and buttocks. Methods Fifteen subjects (44.3 ± 14.2 years, 22.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2) finished treatments and consequent follow‐ups. They were treated over the abdomen (Group 1, N = 7) or buttocks (Group 2, N = 8), receiving four treatment procedures consisting of HIFEM treatment administered first, immediately followed by the simultaneous RF & TPE treatment. Each session took approximately 50 min (30 min of HIFEM; up to 20 min of RF & TPE) depending on the treated area. Study outcomes were assessed by the circumference measurement, satisfaction and comfort questionnaires, and digital photographs. Results Combined treatments were safe and comfortable. At 1 month, the abdominal circumference significantly decreased by 4.4 cm, while buttocks showed a significant increase by 1.0 cm. The abdomen (−4.1 cm) and buttocks (+1.2 cm) circumference results were sustained for three months without a significant decline. Satisfaction was high in both groups (93.3%) since most subjects noted that the appearance of the treated area has been improved, referring to both body sculpting and skin appearance. Conclusions The consecutive application of HIFEM, RF, and TPE treatments noticeably improved the appearance of the abdomen and buttocks. Subjects showed enhancement of abdominal body contour, buttock lifting, and improved skin quality manifested by reduced skin laxity and cellulite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Irvine Duncan
- Plastic Surgical Associates of Fort Collins, P.C., plastic surgery Fort Collins, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Kathuria H, Handral HK, Cha S, Nguyen DTP, Cai J, Cao T, Wu C, Kang L. Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1457. [PMID: 34575533 PMCID: PMC8469902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named 'proposomes' in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as logP, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, etc., were analyzed. We tested the safety of the proposomes using reconstructed human skin tissue equivalents, which were fabricated in-house. We also used human cadaver skin samples as a control. The proposomes had an average diameter of 128 to 148 nm. The drug's entrapment efficiencies were in the range of 42.9-52.7%, translating into the significant enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. The enhancement ratio was 1.4 to 4.0, and linearly correlated to logP, molecular weight, and melting point. Confocal imaging also showed higher skin permeation of calcein and rhodamine B in proposome than in solution. The proposome was found safe for skin application. The enhancement of skin delivery of drugs through proposomes was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The entrapment efficiency was positively correlated with logP of the drug, which led to high drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Harish K. Handral
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Saera Cha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Diep T. P. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Junyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore;
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Weiss RA, Bernardy J, Tichy F. Simultaneous Application of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic and Synchronized Radiofrequency for Fat Disruption: Histological and Electron Microscopy Porcine Model Study. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1059-1064. [PMID: 34115683 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) and high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technologies are used for noninvasive body shaping as standalone modalities. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of novel synchronized RF and HIFEM on subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven large white pigs aged 6 months received 3 abdominal treatments of simultaneous application of synchronized RF and HIFEM (30 minutes, once per week). Punch biopsies of treated and control subcutaneous tissue were collected at the baseline, 4 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Adipocyte volume was analyzed. Fat tissue temperature was measured in situ (fiber optic probes) and superficially (thermal imager). RESULTS Fat layer was heated to temperatures of 42 to 45°C. Signs of fat apoptosis (shape alternations and pyknotic nuclei) appeared at day 4 and peaked between 2 weeks and 1 month. Adipocyte volume decreased significantly (p < .001) by 31.1% at 2 weeks, 1 month (-23.6%), and 2 months (-22.0%). Control samples showed healthy adipocytes. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated histology findings, showing flattened, volume-depleted and disrupted adipocytes. CONCLUSION Synchronized RF with HIFEM procedure resulted in a significant and sustained fat reduction with no adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Weiss
- Maryland Laser Skin, & Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland
| | | | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, CZ
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Harrison LM, Shapiro R, Johnson RM. Tissue Modification in Nonsurgical Facelift Options. Facial Plast Surg 2020; 36:688-695. [PMID: 33368123 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsurgical facelifts are a term for a heterogeneous group of procedures used by physicians to improve facial rejuvenation without the use of operative techniques. Patients demand these services due to the reduced recovery time and generally lower risk. However, nonsurgical techniques, to be effective, must induce conformational change in the cells and tissues of the face. Therefore, these techniques are significant procedures that have associated risks. Understanding the tissue modifications and mechanisms of action of these techniques is vital to their safe and effective use. The purpose of this article is to provide a background of tissue modification in nonsurgical facelift options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Harrison
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - R Michael Johnson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane I. Duncan
- Department of Plastic Surgery Plastic Surgical Associates of Fort Collins, P. C. Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Kinney BM, Kanakov D, Yonkova P. Histological examination of skin tissue in the porcine animal model after simultaneous and consecutive application of monopolar radiofrequency and targeted pressure energy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:93-101. [PMID: 31794139 PMCID: PMC7004092 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cosmetic appearance of skin is substantially influenced by the organization of connective fibers and underlying subcutaneous tissue. It has been previously documented that radiofrequency and pressure energies alone are able to improve skin appearance; however, detailed histological evaluation should be done to determine their synergistic effect. AIMS This histological study investigates the difference between simultaneous and consecutive application of monopolar radiofrequency with targeted pressure energy on porcine skin. METHODS In a total of four weekly abdominal treatments, simultaneous emission of the energies was applied to two pigs (12 minutes per session); additionally, two pigs were treated consecutively (12 + 12 minutes per session). The 5th pig served as a control subject. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, after the 4th treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were to document changes of dermal and hypodermal tissues. RESULTS In the treated subjects, the amount of collagen and elastin fibers increased significantly (P < .001). At follow-up, simultaneous application showed a significantly higher increase in collagen and elastin fibers (by 59% and 64%, respectively), when compared to consecutive. Thickness of the dermis increased more in the pigs treated simultaneously (+848.8 µm/50.17%; P < .001). Treated tissue also showed the upper part of dermis to be rich in blood vessels and better organized interlobular septa in hypodermis. No significant change was observed in the control subject. CONCLUSION Simultaneous application produces significantly more profound changes, when compared to consecutive treatment. Further research is needed but our findings represent a new potential treatment of various skin conditions like cellulite or laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Kinney
- Division of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineBeverly HillsCAUSA
| | - Dian Kanakov
- Department of Internal Noninfectious DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineTrakia UniversityStara ZagoraBulgaria
| | - Penka Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineTrakia UniversityStara ZagoraBulgaria
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