Lack evidence of association of PTPN-22 and CTLA-4 polymorphisms with risk of chronic spontaneous urticaria in Han Chinese population

An update on anaphylaxis and urticaria

Notable scientific developments have taken place in the field of anaphylaxis and urticaria in recent years; they are highlighted in this review. Case-control studies, genome-wide association studies, and large omics analyses have promoted further insights into not only the underlying genetics but also the biomarkers of both anaphylaxis and urticaria. New evidence regarding IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent mechanisms of anaphylaxis and urticaria, including the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR [formerly MRG]) signaling pathway, has been gained. Putative elicitors of anaphylactic reactions in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management and course of chronic urticaria have been reported. Clinical progress has also been made regarding the severity grading and risk factors of anaphylaxis, as well as the distinction of phenotypes and elicitors of both diseases. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches for anaphylaxis and subtypes of urticaria have been assessed, with different outcome and potential for a better disease control or prevention.

Comprehensive analysis of PTPN gene family revealing PTPN7 as a novel biomarker for immuno-hot tumors in breast cancer

Background: The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) gene family has been considered to be involved in the oncogenesis and development of multiple cancers. However, its prognostic utility and immunological relevance in breast cancer (BrCa) have not been clarified.

Methods: A transcriptional level interpretation of the expressions and prognostic values was analyzed using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In addition, GO and DAVID pinpoint the functional enrichment of PTPNs. Moreover, the immune correlations of PTPN7 in BrCa and pan-cancer were further investigated based on the TCGA cohort and were testified using the in-house and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts.

Results: For systematic analysis of the PTPN family, we found that the expression levels of PTPN1, PTPN6, PTPN7, PTPN18, PTPN20, and PTPN22 was promoted in tumor tissues while comparing with paraneoplastic tissues during our study. We further investigated their functions and protein-protein interactions (PPI), and these results strongly suggested that PTPN family was associated with protein dephosphorylation. Next, we performed an immunological relevance analysis and found that PTPN7 was correlated with immune infiltration, suggesting a stronger association of PTPN7 with immuno-hot tumors in BrCa. In addition, results from the in-house cohort confirmed the positive correlation between PTPN7 and PD-L1. The pan-cancer analysis revealed that PTPN7 was related to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression in almost all cancer types. Finally, the predictive value of PTPN7 for immunotherapy was significant in two independent GEO cohorts.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first extensive research on the correlation between PTPN family expression and immune characterization in BrCa. As results, PTPN7 expression is associated with immuno-hot tumors and could be a promising predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in not only BrCa but multiple cancers.