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Kim HY, Jang SY, Moon JR, Kim EK, Chang SA, Song J, Huh J, Kang IS, Yang JH, Jun TG, Park SW. Natural Course of Adult Ebstein Anomaly When Treated according to Current Recommendation. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1749-1754. [PMID: 27709852 PMCID: PMC5056206 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.11.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical outcomes of adults with Ebstein Anomaly (EA) according to their treatment modalities. All adult EA patients diagnosed between October 1994 and October 2014 were retrospectively evaluated by medical record review. Total 60 patients were categorized into 3 groups according to their treatment strategy, i.e. non-operative treatment (Group I, n = 23), immediate operative treatment (Group II, n = 27), and delayed operative treatment (Group III, n = 10). A composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and factors associated with MACCE were assessed in each treatment group. MACCE occurred in 13.0% patients in Group I, 55.6% patients in Group II and 50% in Group III (P = 0.006). Event free survivals at 5 years were 90% in Group I, 52.7% in Group II, 50.0% in Group III (P = 0.036). Post-operatively, most patients showed improvement on clinical symptoms. However, event free survival rate was lower in patients with operation compared to those with non-operative treatment (58.7% vs. 90.9%; P = 0.007). Major arrhythmic event occurred more frequently even after surgical ablation (50.0% vs. 20.0%; P = 0.034). Re-operation was more frequent in patients underwent delayed surgery compared to those with immediate surgery (50.0% vs. 18.5%; P = 0.001). Current guideline to decide patient's treatment strategy appeared to be appropriate in adult patients with EA. However, surgical ablation for arrhythmia was not enough so that concomitant medical treatment should be considered. Therefore, attentive risk stratification and cautious decision of treatment strategy by experienced cardiac surgeon are believed to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Yi Jang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Ryoung Moon
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung A Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Seok Kang
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyuk Yang
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Gook Jun
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hösch O, Sohns JM, Nguyen TT, Lauerer P, Rosenberg C, Kowallick JT, Kutty S, Unterberg C, Schuster A, Faßhauer M, Staab W, Paul T, Lotz J, Steinmetz M. The total right/left-volume index: a new and simplified cardiac magnetic resonance measure to evaluate the severity of Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve: a comparison with heart failure markers from various modalities. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:601-9. [PMID: 24807407 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.113.001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classification of clinical severity of Ebstein anomaly still remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to focus on the interaction of the pathologically altered right heart with the anatomically-supposedly-normal left heart and to derive from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) a simple imaging measure for the clinical severity of Ebstein anomaly. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five patients at a mean age of 26±14 years with unrepaired Ebstein anomaly were examined in a prospective study. Disease severity was classified using CMR volumes and functional measurements in comparison with heart failure markers from clinical data, ECG, laboratory and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and echocardiography. All examinations were completed within 24 hours. A total right/left-volume index was defined from end-diastolic volume measurements in CMR: total right/left-volume index=(RA+aRV+fRV)/(LA+LV). Mean total right/left-volume index was 2.6±1.7 (normal values: 1.1±0.1). This new total right/left-volume index correlated with almost all clinically used biomarkers of heart failure: brain natriuretic peptide (r=0.691; P=0.0003), QRS (r=0.432; P=0.039), peak oxygen consumption/kg (r=-0.479; P=0.024), ventilatory response to carbon dioxide production at anaerobic threshold (r=0.426; P=0.048), the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (r=0.692; P=0.009), tricuspid valve offset (r=0.583; P=0.004), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (r=0.554; P=0.006). Previously described severity indices ([RA+aRV]/[fRV+LA+LV]) and fRV/LV end-diastolic volume corresponded only to some parameters. CONCLUSIONS In patients with Ebstein anomaly, the easily acquired index of right-sided to left-sided heart volumes from CMR correlated well with established heart failure markers. Our data suggest that the total right/left-volume index should be used as a new and simplified CMR measure, allowing more accurate assessment of disease severity than previously described scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hösch
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Jan Martin Sohns
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Thuy-Trang Nguyen
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Peter Lauerer
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Christina Rosenberg
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Johannes Tammo Kowallick
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Shelby Kutty
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Christina Unterberg
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Andreas Schuster
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Martin Faßhauer
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Wieland Staab
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Thomas Paul
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Joachim Lotz
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.)
| | - Michael Steinmetz
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine (O.H., T.-T.N., P.L., T.P., M.S.), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.M.S., C.R., J.T.W., M.F., W.S., J.L.), and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (C.U., A.S.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Germany (J.M.S., C.U., A.S., M.F., W.S., J.L., M.S.); and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha (S.K.).
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