1
|
Pérez-Granda MJ, Barrio JM, Cuerpo G, Valerio M, Muñoz P, Hortal J, Pinto AG, Bouza E. Infectious complications following major heart surgery from the day of the surgery to hospital discharge. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38200426 PMCID: PMC10782676 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At some point in their lives, many people will require major heart surgery (MHS). Patients are generally older adults with various risk factors for infection. However, the incidence of infection after MHS is poorly known, as reported infection data are frequently biased due to different factors like the surgical procedure, postoperative timing, and infectious syndromes or etiologic agents, among others. In addition, most patient data are retrospectively obtained. PURPOSE AND METHODS Data were prospectively collected regarding the incidence of all nosocomial infections produced from the time of surgery to hospital discharge in a cohort of 800 adults consecutively undergoing a MHS procedure. RESULTS During postoperative hospitalization, 124 of the 800 participants developed one or more infections (15.5%): during their ICU stay in 68 patients (54.8%), during their stay on the general ward post ICU in 50 (40.3%), and during their stay in both wards in 6 (4.8%). The most common infections were pneumonia (related or not to mechanical ventilation), surgical site and bloodstream. As etiological agents, 193 pathogens were isolated: mostly Gram-negative bacilli (54.4%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (30%), viruses (4.6%) and fungi (1.5%). In our cohort, all-cause mortality was recorded in 33 participants (4.1%) and 9 infection-related deaths (1.1%) were produced. Among subjects who developed infections, overall mortality was 13.7% and in those who did not, this was only 2.3%. CONCLUSION Infection following MHS remains frequent and severe. Our data suggest that hospital-acquired infection studies should consider episodes of infection in all populations during their entire hospital stay and not only those related to specific clinical syndromes or acquired while the patient is in intensive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús Pérez-Granda
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José María Barrio
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Cuerpo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Hortal
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel González Pinto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumble S, Strickland A, Cole TK, Canner JK, Frost N, Madeira T, Alejo D, Steele A, Schena S. Association Between Early Speech-Language Pathology Consultation and Pneumonia After Cardiac Surgery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:2123-2131. [PMID: 36001815 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are reported to be at higher risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration, which may predispose them to respiratory complications such as pneumonia. Speech-language pathology consultation facilitates early identification of swallowing difficulties providing appropriate and timely interventions during the postoperative period. This study explores the association between pneumonia and timing of speech-language pathology order entry and evaluation following cardiac surgery. METHOD A retrospective study was performed on adults who underwent cardiac surgery in a tertiary care center, from July 2016 through December 2019. Patients with preexisting tracheostomy upon admission for cardiac surgery were excluded. The medical records of patients who had speech-language pathology consultation orders for swallowing concerns were analyzed in order to compare the timing of speech-language pathology order entry, completion of speech-language pathology evaluation, and incidence of pneumonia during hospitalization following cardiac surgery. RESULTS During the study period, 3,168 patients underwent cardiac surgery, of which 2,864 patients met the inclusion criteria. Speech-language pathology was ordered for 473 cases (16.5%), and clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) was completed by speech-language pathology in 419 patients (88.6%), of which 309 patients were suspected to have dysphagia (73.7%). Among the 2,391 patients without speech-language pathology consultation, pneumonia was reported in 34 patients (1.42%). Pneumonia was reported in 53 patients in the speech-language pathology cohort, of which 43 patients (13.9%) were suspected to have dysphagia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly longer median time (20.0 hr, range: 4.9-26.7) from speech-language pathology orders to completion of CSE, compared to those without pneumonia (13.2 hr, range: 3.2-22.4, p = .025). There was no significant difference in the median time from extubation to speech-language pathology consultation order time in patients with pneumonia versus those without pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia were observed to have prolonged, although not statistically significant, median time from extubation to CSE (70.4 hr, range: 21.2-215) compared to those without pneumonia (42.2 hr, range: 19.5-105.8, p = .066). CONCLUSIONS Patients without pneumonia in the postoperative period were observed to have shorter median time from extubation to speech-language pathology evaluation. Future studies are needed to further understand the impact of early speech-language pathology consultation and incidence of pneumonia in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Kumble
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amber Strickland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Therese K Cole
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph K Canner
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicole Frost
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tim Madeira
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane Alejo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne Steele
- Patient Safety Department, Armstrong Institute,Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stefano Schena
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang D, Lu Y, Sun M, Huang X, Du X, Jiao Z, Sun F, Xie F. Pneumonia After Cardiovascular Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors and Interventions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:911878. [PMID: 35845037 PMCID: PMC9280273 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.911878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, associated with poor clinical outcomes, prolonged hospital stay and increased medical costs. This article aims to clarify the incidence, risk factors, and interventions for POP after cardiovascular surgery. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify previous reports involving POP after cardiovascular surgery. Current situation, predictors and preventive measures on the development of POP were collected and summarized. Many studies showed that POP was prevalent in various cardiovascular surgical types, and predictors varied in different studies, including advanced age, smoking, chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, cardiac surgery history, cardiac function, anemia, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, surgical types, cardiopulmonary bypass time, blood transfusion, duration of mechanical ventilation, repeated endotracheal intubation, and some other risk factors. At the same time, several targeted interventions have been widely reported to be effective to reduce the risk of POP and improve prognosis, including preoperative respiratory physiotherapy, oral care and subglottic secretion drainage. Through the review of the current status, risk factors and intervention measures, this article may play an important role in clinical prevention and treatment of POP after cardiovascular surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manda Sun
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouyang Jiao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Li Y, Sheng W, Wang H, Le S, Huang X, Du X. Development and validation of a nomogram model for pneumonia after redo cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:325-334. [PMID: 37594436 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Postoperative pneumonia (POP) after redo cardiac surgery is prevalent, associated with poor outcome. The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for POP after redo cardiac surgery and to develop and validate a prediction model. METHODS Adults undergoing redo cardiac surgery from 2016 to 2019 were identified in a single-institution database. Using a 2: 1 ratio, the patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify independent predictors for POP in the training set. A nomogram model was constructed for clinical utility and was validated in the validation set. RESULTS POP developed in 72 of the 376 patients (19.1%). Four independent risk factors were identified, including age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, serum creatinine level and intraoperative blood transfusion volume. A nomogram based on the four predictors was constructed, with good discrimination in both the training (c-index: 0.86) and validation sets (c-index: 0.78). The model was well calibrated, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow χ 2 -value of 7.31 ( P = 0.50) in the training set and 7.41 ( P = 0.49) in the validation set. The calibration was also good by visual inspection. The decision and clinical impact curves of the nomogram indicated good clinical utility. Three risk intervals were identified based on the nomogram for better risk stratification. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a nomogram model for POP after redo cardiac surgery. The model may have good clinical utility in risk evaluation and individualized treatment to reduce adverse events. Graphical abstract Incidence, risk factor, and outcomes of postoperative pneumonia after redo cardiac surgery: http://links.lww.com/JCM/A445 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yixue Li
- Department of Emergency General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Sheng
- Department of Emergency General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Abuduaini X, Huang X, Wang H, Chen X, Le S, Chen M, Du X. Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postoperative pneumonia in adult patients undergoing Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery: a case control study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:22. [PMID: 35197097 PMCID: PMC8864916 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is a common complication after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery (AADS) and contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. The purpose of this study was to identify independent risk factors associated with pneumonia after AADS and to develop and validate a risk prediction model. Methods Adults undergoing AADS between 2016 and 2019 were identified in a single-institution database. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 2:1. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were included for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed using significant variables from univariate analysis in the training set. A nomogram was constructed for clinical utility and the model was validated in an independent dataset. Results Postoperative pneumonia developed in 170 of 492 patients (34.6%). In the training set, multivariate analysis identified seven independent predictors for pneumonia after AADS including age, smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency, leucocytosis, low platelet count, and intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells. The model demonstrated good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 = 3.31, P = 0.91) and discrimination (C-index = 0.77) in the training set. The model was also well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 = 5.73, P = 0.68) and showed reliable discriminatory ability (C-index = 0.78) in the validation set. By visual inspection, the calibrations were good in both the training and validation sets. Conclusion We developed and validated a risk prediction model for pneumonia after AADS. The model may have clinical utility in individualized risk evaluation and perioperative management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaerzhati Abuduaini
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Manhua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Chen X, Wu J, Le S, Xie F, Li X, Wang H, Huang X, Zhang A, Du X. Development and Validation of Nomogram Models for Postoperative Pneumonia in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750828. [PMID: 34708096 PMCID: PMC8542719 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is a frequent complication following cardiac surgery, related to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors associated with POP in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery and to develop and validate nomogram models. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in four cardiac centers in China. Adults operated with elective open-heart surgery from 2016 to 2020 were included. Patients were randomly allocated to training and validation sets by 7:3 ratio. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, surgical factors, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Risk factors for POP were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. Nomograms were constructed based on the multivariate logistic regression models and were evaluated with calibration, discrimination and decision curve analysis. Results: A total of 13,380 patients meeting the criteria were included and POP developed in 882 patients (6.6%). The mortality was 2.0%, but it increased significantly in patients with POP (25.1 vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001). Using preoperative and intraoperative variables, we constructed a full nomogram model based on ten independent risk factors and a preoperative nomogram model based on eight preoperative factors. Both nomograms demonstrated good calibration, discrimination, and were well validated. The decision curves indicated significant clinical usefulness. Finally, four risk intervals were defined for better clinical application. Conclusions: We developed and validated two nomogram models for POP following elective cardiac surgery using preoperative and intraoperative factors, which may be helpful for individualized risk evaluation and prevention decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Department of Nursing, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anchen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Huang X, Wang H, Le S, Yang H, Wang F, Du X. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a prediction model. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2351-2362. [PMID: 34012584 PMCID: PMC8107540 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Postoperative pneumonia is the main infectious complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors related to the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to develop a predictive system. Methods Adult patients who underwent open heart surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were collected and analyzed. A multivariate prediction model for evaluating the risk of postoperative pneumonia was established using logistic regression analysis via forward stepwise selection, and points were assigned to significant risk factors based on their regression coefficient values. Results Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 530 of the 5,323 patients (9.96%). Prolonged stays in the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital, as well as higher mortality (25.66% versus 0.65%), were observed in patients with postoperative pneumonia. Multivariate analysis identified 13 independent risk factors including patient demographics, comorbidities, cardiac function, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration, and blood transfusion. The prediction model showed good discrimination (C-statistic: 0.80) and was well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=7.907, P value =0.443). A 32-point risk score was generated, and then three risk intervals were defined. Conclusions We derived and validated a prediction model for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery incorporating 13 easily discernible risk factors. The scoring system may be helpful for individualized risk estimations and clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuzovlev A, Shabanov A, Grechko A. Nosocomial Pneumonia: An Update on Early Diagnosis and Prevention. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190808111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial pneumonia and nosocomial tracheobronchitis present a significant problem of anesthesiology and critical care medicine. This review presents the results of our own research on the usefulness of new molecular biomarkers in the early diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia, as well as modern principles for its prevention. A promising direction for the early diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia and its complications is the study of new molecular biomarkers, in particular, Club cell protein and surfactant proteins. Effective prevention of nosocomial pneumonia should be based on a complex of modern evidence-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kuzovlev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aslan Shabanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gutiérrez JMM, Borromeo AR, Dueño AL, Paragas ED, Ellasus RO, Abalos-Fabia RS, Abriam JA, Sonido AE, Hernandez MA, Generale AJA, Sombillo RC, Lacanaria MGC, Centeno MM, Laoingco JRC, Domantay JAA. Clinical epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients: protocol for a large-scale systematic review and planned meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:180. [PMID: 31325967 PMCID: PMC6642735 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have investigated the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units. However, these findings have not been clearly defined in broad subgroups of mechanically ventilated adults. Hence, this protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to better understand the clinical and epidemiological features of VAP in these patient populations by establishing its overall prognosis of and risk factors for morbidity and mortality and to determine the differences in clinical and economic outcomes between VAP and non-VAP patients. METHODS This present review will systematically search available full-text articles without date and language restrictions and indexed in PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. In addition, reference lists and citations of retrieved articles and relevant medical and nursing journals will be manually reviewed. Supplementary search in other databases involving trials, reviews, and grey literatures, including conference proceedings, theses, and dissertations, will be performed. Study investigators will be contacted to clarify missing or unpublished data. All prognostic studies meeting the pre-defined eligibility criteria will be included. The study selection, risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and grading of the quality of evidence will be carried out in duplicate, involving independent evaluation by two investigators with consensus or a third-party adjudication. The degree of inter-rater agreement will be calculated using the kappa statistic. For meta-analysis, dichotomous and continuous outcome measures will be pooled using odds ratios and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, respectively. The Mantel-Haenszel or inverse variance methods with random effects model will be used as a guide for analysis. The heterogeneity of each outcome measure will be assessed using both X2 and I2 statistics. In addition, sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be performed to ensure consistency of pooled results. The review protocol described herein is in accordance with the PRISMA-P standards. DISCUSSION The investigation of the epidemiological profiles, prognostic factors, and outcomes associated with VAP is critical for the identification of high-risk groups of mechanically ventilated patients and evaluation of possible clinical endpoints. This may provide substantial links for improved VAP prevention practices targeting modifiable risk factors. Implications for future research directions are discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017048158.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Mark M Gutiérrez
- School of Advanced Studies, Saint Louis University, Baguio, Philippines.
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Annabelle R Borromeo
- School of Advanced Studies, Saint Louis University, Baguio, Philippines
- Zone 3, Philippine Nurses Association, Quezon City and Marikina City, Philippines
| | - Allan L Dueño
- University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Rosanta O Ellasus
- School of Advanced Studies, Saint Louis University, Baguio, Philippines
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russel S Abalos-Fabia
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jerry A Abriam
- Institute of Community Health and Allied Medical Sciences, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Agoo, Philippines
| | - Arnel E Sonido
- Institute of Community Health and Allied Medical Sciences, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Agoo, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Mary Grace C Lacanaria
- School of Advanced Studies, Saint Louis University, Baguio, Philippines
- School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Baguio, Philippines
| | | | - Jose Reinhard C Laoingco
- Graduate School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Holy Angel University, Angeles, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quality metrics in coronary artery bypass grafting. Int J Surg 2019; 65:7-12. [PMID: 30885838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the association between care quality, case volume, and outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have concluded that consistent adherence to quality measures improves mortality rates and outcomes. However, the quality metrics are not well-defined, and their significance to surgeons and healthcare providers remains uncertain. We review the concept of "quality and quality metrics" and discuss their importance in the context of CABG.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez-Acelas AL, de Abreu Almeida M, Engelman B, Cañon-Montañez W. Risk factors for health care-associated infection in hospitalized adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control 2017; 45:e149-e156. [PMID: 29031433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a public health problem that increase health care costs. This article aimed to systematically review the literature and meta-analyze studies investigating risk factors (RFs) independently associated with HAIs in hospitalized adults. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS) were searched to identify studies from 2009-2016. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and compared across the groups. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS Of 867 studies, 65 met the criteria for review, and the data of 18 were summarized in the meta-analysis. The major RFs independently associated with HAIs were diabetes mellitus (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.27-2.44), immunosuppression (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47), body temperature (MD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.83), surgery time in minutes (MD, 34.53; 95% CI, 22.17-46.89), reoperation (RR, 7.94; 95% CI, 5.49-11.48), cephalosporin exposure (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.30-2.42), days of exposure to central venous catheter (MD, 5.20; 95% CI, 4.91-5.48), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (RR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.79-7.92), ICU stay in days (MD, 21.30; 95% CI, 19.81-22.79), and mechanical ventilation (OR, 12.95; 95% CI, 6.28-26.73). CONCLUSIONS Identifying RFs that contribute to develop HAIs may support the implementation of strategies for their prevention, therefore maximizing patient safety.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent life-threatening nosocomial infection in intensive care units. The diagnostic is difficult because radiological and clinical signs are inaccurate and could be associated with various respiratory diseases. The concept of infection-related ventilator-associated complication has been proposed as a surrogate of VAP to be used as a benchmark indicator of quality of care. Indeed, bundles of prevention measures are effective in decreasing the VAP rate. In case of VAP suspicion, respiratory secretions must be collected for bacteriological secretions before any new antimicrobials. Quantitative distal bacteriological exams may be preferable for a more reliable diagnosis and therefore a more appropriate use antimicrobials. To improve the prognosis, the treatment should be adequate as soon as possible but should avoid unnecessary broad-spectrum antimicrobials to limit antibiotic selection pressure. For empiric treatments, the selection of antimicrobials should consider the local prevalence of microorganisms along with their associated susceptibility profiles. Critically ill patients require high dosages of antimicrobials and more specifically continuous or prolonged infusions for beta-lactams. After patient stabilization, antimicrobials should be maintained for 7-8 days. The evaluation of VAP treatment based on 28-day mortality is being challenged by regulatory agencies, which are working on alternative surrogate endpoints and on trial design optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Timsit
- IAME, Inserm U1137, Paris Diderot University, Paris, F75018, France.,Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Esaied
- IAME, Inserm U1137, Paris Diderot University, Paris, F75018, France
| | - Mathilde Neuville
- Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lila Bouadma
- IAME, Inserm U1137, Paris Diderot University, Paris, F75018, France.,Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mourvllier
- IAME, Inserm U1137, Paris Diderot University, Paris, F75018, France.,Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding C, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Jin A, Wang W, Chen R, Zhan S. Incidence, temporal trend and factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:468. [PMID: 28676087 PMCID: PMC5496595 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data to date is far from sufficient to describe the recent epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mainland China. This study aimed to estimate the overall incidence of VAP, with a special focus on its temporal trend and associated factors. Methods Meta-analyses of 195 studies published from 2010 to 2015 were conducted, followed by subgroup analyses by methodological quality, pre-defined setting characteristics and attributes of populations. Results The overall cumulative VAP incidence in mainland China was 23.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.6–27.2%), with the results showing high heterogeneity. The pooled incidence densities were 24.14 (95% CI 21.19–27.51) episodes and 22.83 (95% CI 19.88–26.23) patients per 1000 ventilator-days. A decline in the cumulative incidence was observed from 2006 (49.5%, 95% CI 40.0–59.0%) to 2014 (19.6%, 95% CI 10.4–31.0%); differences in the incidence rates were also documented according to Chinese provinces and diagnostic criteria (p < 0.001). Older age (≥60 years), coma, re-intubation, tracheotomy and prolonged ventilation were the factors significantly associated with the occurrence of VAP. Conclusions The incidence of VAP remains high in mainland China but has decreased since 2006. The reported rates vary considerably across individual studies, probably due to variations in diagnosis and geographical region. More studies using standard definitions and cut-off points are needed to better clarify the epidemiology of VAP across the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2566-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Gopal S, Luckraz H, Giri R, Nevill A, Muhammed I, Reid M, Bickerton S, Jenkins D. Significant reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia with the Venner-PneuX System in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the Low Ventilator-Associated-Pneumonia study†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 47:e92-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|