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Baltodano-Arellano R, Alvarez-Tiburcio E, Barriales-Revilla L, Bellido-Yarlequé D, Cachicatari A, Cupe-Chacalcaje K, La Torre-Zuñiga A, Velarde-Acosta K. Case report and literature review: cardiac hematic cyst. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1417074. [PMID: 39139751 PMCID: PMC11319172 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1417074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old female patient, asymptomatic, presented to the cardiology office for a right atrial mass, identified incidentally in a non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced computed tomography, performed for follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis. Echocardiography, surprisingly, showed an anechogenic ovoid mass in the right atrium measuring 40 × 40 mm2, implanted in the interatrial septum without affecting the tricuspid valve. ECG-gated computed tomography angiography (CTA), confirmed the dimensions of the mass, which presented homogeneous content, calcified areas, and a 12-mm pedicle implanted near the ostium of the coronary sinus. Additionally, contrast uptake and infiltration of adjacent structures were ruled out. In the surgical field, an encapsulated mass with blood content was found, which pathology reported as a hematic endocardial cyst (HEC). These are rare cardiac masses, constituting 1.5% of all primary cardiac tumors. It is usually an incidental finding, and its clinical presentation will depend on its dimensions and the intracardiac hemodynamic impact. A highlighting feature is its anechogenic content on ultrasound, however, multimodality imaging allows for making diagnostic assumptions, discerning between primary cardiac tumors, and provides morphological and hemodynamic information useful for therapeutic decision making. The age of the patient, the large size of the HEC, and its location in the interatrial septum make up a completely atypical presentation of this rare disease, which motivated this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baltodano-Arellano
- Cardiac Imaging Area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen – EsSalud, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Angela Cachicatari
- Cardiac Imaging Area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen – EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Kelly Cupe-Chacalcaje
- Cardiac Imaging Area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen – EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Alan La Torre-Zuñiga
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins - EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin Velarde-Acosta
- Clinical Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Peru
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Alpat S, Ulusoy U, Orhan D, Alehan D, Yilmaz M. Blood Cyst of the Mitral Valve: Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin. Indian J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12098-024-05201-2. [PMID: 38954178 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-024-05201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Safak Alpat
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Umutcan Ulusoy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diclehan Orhan
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dursun Alehan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Gonzalez J, Batlle JC, Maroules C, Cury RC, Peña CS, Ma C, Menes M, Sayegh K. Multimodality imaging of a rare intracardiac bronchogenic cyst. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1035-1039. [PMID: 38226045 PMCID: PMC10788368 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors report a case of pathologically proven intracardiac bronchogenic cyst embedded within the interatrial septum of a 30-year-old woman presenting with chest pain and first-degree AV block. Multimodality imaging played an essential role in the discovery, investigation, and diagnosis of this extremely rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gonzalez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan C. Batlle
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 Miami, FL, USA
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
- Radiology Associates of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Christopher Maroules
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
- Radiology Associates of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Ricardo C. Cury
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 Miami, FL, USA
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
- Radiology Associates of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Constantino S. Peña
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 Miami, FL, USA
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
- Radiology Associates of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Charles Ma
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Manuel Menes
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
| | - Karl Sayegh
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 Miami, FL, USA
- Baptist Health of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
- Radiology Associates of South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL, 33176 USA
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Masroor M, Xie T, Yang D, Lin S, Dong N, Liu F, Wu L. Mitral valve leaflet blood cyst treated with minimally invasive approach: a case report and review of literature. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38281941 PMCID: PMC10822171 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac blood cyst is a very rare benign tumor of the heart in adults. Though it is very common in the first half year of life, it regresses with time and its occurrence is very rare in children older than six months and in adults. Until now less than 100 valvular blood cyst cases have been reported in adults. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 66-year-old male who presented to us with exertional chest tightness, shortness of breath, and right leg weakness for two weeks. He was diagnosed with a cardiac mass two months ago in another hospital. The physical examination was unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound showed a cyst in the liver and left kidney. Echocardiography showed a mass-occupying lesion of a cystic nature in the mitral valve with moderate mitral regurgitation. Based on echocardiography findings and computed tomography report, the preliminary diagnosis of mitral valve cystic tumor was made. The patient underwent minimally invasive resection of the cyst. The posterior mitral cusp was repaired and a mitral annuloplasty ring was placed. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of a cardiac blood cyst. The patient was followed up for six months without any complications. This case is presented to enrich the medical literature on the cardiac blood cyst. CONCLUSION Although a cardiac blood cyst is a rare entity in adults, it still should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiac tumors. Because the natural history and hemodynamic effects are very diverse, large symptomatic cardiac blood cysts, especially in the left heart should be resected to avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiullah Masroor
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Amiri Medical Complex, Qargha Road, Afshar, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Dayan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Shengxiong Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fujin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Galzerano D, Eltayeb A, Alamri S, Alamri S, Arbili L, Mohammed S. A Ping Pong Ball in the Left Ventricle. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:2153-2156. [PMID: 37394386 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing cardiac masses, especially those related to cardiac tumors, is often challenging in clinical practice. Though myxomas are the most common and well-known benign cardiac tumors, other rare and often-neglected tumors can be difficult to diagnose. In this case report, the authors describe a left ventricular cardiac mass with unique and striking imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galzerano
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdalla Eltayeb
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soaad Alamri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alamri
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lana Arbili
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamayel Mohammed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kurmann R, El-Am E, Ahmad A, Abbasi MA, Mazur P, Akiki E, Anand V, Herrmann J, Casanegra AI, Young P, Crestanello J, Bois MC, Maleszewski JJ, Klarich K. Cardiac Masses Discovered by Echocardiogram; What to Do Next? STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2023; 7:100154. [PMID: 37520139 PMCID: PMC10382990 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are rare conditions, typically diagnosed on autopsy, but with the advancement of imaging techniques they are now encountered more frequently in clinical practice. Echocardiography is often the initial method of investigation for cardiac masses and provides a quick and valuable springboard for their characterization. While some cardiac masses can be readily identified by echocardiography alone, several require incorporation of multiple data points to reach diagnostic certainty. Herein, we will provide an overview of the main clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of cardiac masses within the framework of their location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Kurmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edward El-Am
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Piotr Mazur
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elias Akiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vidhu Anand
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ana I. Casanegra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Phillip Young
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan Crestanello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melanie C. Bois
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph J. Maleszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kyle Klarich
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Wang S, Chen H, Qian X, He F. Mitral degenerative valve leaflets suspected as primary valvular tumor: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 36814184 PMCID: PMC9948496 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of heart disease. Sometimes, however, it may also provide misdiagnosis information. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of a misdiagnosis of primary mitral valvular tumor with severe regurgitation by preoperative echocardiography. During the surgery, the true lesion was found to be mitral valve leaflet prolapse due to degenerative mitral valve disease. CONCLUSION For individual patient, the best clinical decision not only needs the extensive application of echocardiography, but also needs the combination of clinical symptoms and more auxiliary examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3th, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaidong Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3th, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ximing Qian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3th, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3th, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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8
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Paul C, Cieslik L, Appelbe A, Jaworski C. Mitral Valve Blood Cyst and Multi-Territory Ischaemic Stroke. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:e21-e22. [PMID: 36801126 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Paul
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Vic, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
| | - Luke Cieslik
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Vic, Australia
| | - Alan Appelbe
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Vic, Australia
| | - Catherine Jaworski
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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9
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Aweimer A, Bösche LI, Ewers A, El-Battrawy I, Mügge A. Emoji-like structure in the right atrium: identified as blood cyst and removed by interventional venous drainage cannula. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:71. [PMID: 36256539 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Assem Aweimer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leif I Bösche
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aydan Ewers
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
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Li M, Hu W, Wang C, Wan L, Liang Y, Duan X, Zhang L, Meng H. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of cardiac blood cysts. J Cardiol 2022; 80:261-267. [PMID: 35589466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac blood cysts (BCs) are rare benign cardiac masses. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with BCs. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with BC between 2009 and 2021 at a single center in China. Their clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, management, and outcomes at follow-up are summarized. RESULTS The study population comprised 26 patients with BCs with a mean age of 40 ± 19 years (median, 42 years; range, 27-56 years). The cohort was predominantly male (16, 62%). Twenty-two (81%) patients were symptomatic: dyspnea or exertional dyspnea (11, 42%) and palpitations (6, 23%) were the most frequent symptoms. Most cysts appeared as single round, oval, or lobulated anechoic masses, measuring 4-30 mm (mean, 18 mm). Half of the BCs (13, 50%) were pedunculated and mobile, and the others swung with the movement of the valve. The mitral valve (13, 50%) was the most common site of occurrence, followed by the tricuspid valve (6, 23%), right atrium (4, 15%), and aortic valve (3, 12%). Contrast echocardiography, which was performed for two patients, revealed a closed cyst without bubbles. Five cases were complicated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and six by valve prolapse. Eighteen patients underwent surgery, and one received antiplatelet therapy. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events did not occur in any patient during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Cardiac BCs are most commonly attached to the atrioventricular valve. Echocardiography is considered to be the most useful imaging modality for assessing BC. The management of patients with BC should be individualized based on the symptoms and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Echocardiography, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Department of Echocardiography, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wan
- Department of Echocardiography, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Echocardiography, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Duan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Department of Echocardiography, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
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11
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Nocco S, Parato V, Alunni G, Becherini F, Conti S, Cucchini U, Di Giannuario G, Di Nora C, Fabiani D, La Carrubba S, Leonetti S, Montericcio V, Tota A, Petrella L. Imaging of cardiac masses: An updated overview. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2022; 32:65-75. [PMID: 36249434 PMCID: PMC9558634 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_18_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying cardiac masses is one of the most challenging tasks for cardiac imagers. The aim of this review article is to focus on the modern imaging of cardiac masses proceeding through the most frequent ones. Cardiac benign masses such as myxoma, cardiac papillary fibroelastoma, rhabdomyoma, lipoma, and hemangioma are browsed considering the usefulness of most common cardiovascular imaging tools, such as ultrasound techniques, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and in the diagnostic process. In the same way, the most frequent malignant cardiac masses, such as angiosarcoma and metastases, are highlighted. Then, the article browses through nontumoral masses such as cysts, mitral caseous degenerative formations, thrombi, and vegetations, highlighting the differential diagnosis between them. In addition, the article helps in recognizing anatomic normal variants that should not be misdiagnosed as pathological entities.
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