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Xu X, Yang A, Han Y, Wang W, Hao G, Cui N. The association between serum prolactin levels and live birth rates in non-PCOS patients: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295071. [PMID: 38019871 PMCID: PMC10686428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between baseline prolactin (PRL) levels and live birth rates (LBRs) in patients undergoing embryo transfer who did not have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) using a retrospective design. Patient(s): A total of 20,877 patients who had undergone IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between December 2014 and December 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the association between PRL concentrations and LBRs using multivariate regression analysis. In addition, a model for nonlinear relationships based on a two-part linear regression was developed. RESULTS Following adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant correlation between serum PRL and LBR. Particularly, when blood PRL content was less than 14.8 ng/mL, there exists a positive relation between serum PRL and LBRs. In contrast, once PRL concentrations surpassed the inflection point at 14.8 ng/mL, a meaningful relationship could no longer be inferred between serum PRL and LBR. CONCLUSIONS Basal serum PRL levels were segmentally connected with LBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Prolactin Relationship with Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes-A Review of the Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010122. [PMID: 36678618 PMCID: PMC9867499 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia is a known cause of amenorrhea and infertility. However, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that prolactin is involved in multiple physiological aspects of normal reproduction. Thus, the present paper aims to review the current literature regarding the relationship between serum prolactin level and in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome and the role of dopamine agonists treatment in IVF success. Moreover, the mechanisms by which prolactin may exert its role in fertility and infertility were summarized. Although not all studies agree, the available evidence suggests that higher prolactin levels in follicular fluid are associated with increased oocytes competence, but also with positive effects on corpus luteum formation and survival, endometrial receptivity, blastocyst implantation potential and survival of low-motile sperm. Transient hyperprolactinemia found in IVF cycles was reported in most of the studies not to be related to IVF outcome, although a few reports suggested that it may be associated with higher implantation and pregnancy rates, and better-cumulated pregnancy outcomes. Administration of dopamine agonists for hyperprolactinemia preceding IVF treatment does not seem to negatively impact the IVF results, while treatment of transient hyperprolactinemia during IVF might be beneficial in terms of fertilization rates and conception rates. Due to limited available evidence, future studies are necessary to clarify the optimal level of circulating prolactin in patients performing IVF and the role of dopamine agonist treatment.
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Martínez-Alarcón O, García-López G, Guerra-Mora JR, Molina-Hernández A, Diaz-Martínez NE, Portillo W, Díaz NF. Prolactin from Pluripotency to Central Nervous System Development. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:201-214. [PMID: 33934093 DOI: 10.1159/000516939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a versatile hormone that exerts more than 300 functions in vertebrates, mainly associated with physiological effects in adult animals. Although the process that regulates early development is poorly understood, evidence suggests a role of PRL in the early embryonic development regarding pluripotency and nervous system development. Thus, PRL could be a crucial regulator in oocyte preimplantation and maturation as well as during diapause, a reversible state of blastocyst development arrest that shares metabolic, transcriptomic, and proteomic similarities with pluripotent stem cells in the naïve state. Thus, we analyzed the role of the hormone during those processes, which involve the regulation of its receptor and several signaling cascades (Jak/Mapk, Jak/Stat, and PI3k/Akt), resulting in either a plethora of physiological actions or their dysregulation, a factor in developmental disorders. Finally, we propose models to improve the knowledge on PRL function during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Martínez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Raúl Guerra-Mora
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Cirugia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Néstor Emmanuel Diaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Wendy Portillo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Quéretaro, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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The association of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection results with anxiety levels and stress biomarkers: An observational, case-control study ✰. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102254. [PMID: 34678478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety has been considered to exert a negative influence on fecundity. However, it remains unclear whether it is a cause or a consequence and whether it is associated with the treatment outcome. This observational case control study evaluated the levels of state anxiety and various stress biomarkers and assessed their association with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We allocated 109 infertile nulliparous women aged 25-45 years in their first IVF/ICSI fresh treatment cycle into two groups according to the final outcome: group A (PTP = pregnancy-test positive, n = 49) and group B (PTN = pregnancy-test negative, n = 60). State anxiety levels were measured with the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire (Marteau and Bekker modification) on the days of oocyte retrieval (OR) and embryo transfer (ET). Serum stress biomarkers (cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, α-amylase, and prolactin) were measured at the same time points. Blood samples were collected at 9 am. RESULTS Most women in both groups showed comparable mild-to-moderate degrees of state anxiety on the days of OR and ET (p = 0.183 and p = 0.760, respectively). The stress biomarker measurements did not differ between the two groups, except for noradrenaline that was higher in group B (p = 0.015) and associated with significant cardiovascular changes. DISCUSSION Women in both groups showed comparable levels of state anxiety, which were unlikely to influence the chance of pregnancy. Noradrenaline levels were higher in the non-pregnant group, with significant cardiovascular changes. Other stress biomarkers did not reflect the different treatment outcomes between the groups.
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Aljahdali GL, Alkhaldi FA, Almujarri SF, Alsadhan HF, Yaqoub AS, Alsahabi JA, Masud N, Felemban AA. Live Birth Rate Comparison Between Single vs. Double Ovary Women With Assisted Reproduction: A Single Tertiary Center Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e14876. [PMID: 34104604 PMCID: PMC8179779 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
One of the major hardships faced by married couples is the inability to conceive a child. This issue is becoming more prevalent given the increasing rate of infertility worldwide. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has brought hope to infertile couples. We aim to estimate the live birth rate (LBR) and pregnancy rate in women with one ovary compared with those with two ovaries. Methods A retrospective cohort study of women who underwent ART at King Abdulaziz Medical City (Jan 2000 - Dec 2018) was conducted. Five cycles of patient data were collected. The LBR (both conditional and cumulative) was compared between women with one and two ovaries. Results The final analysis included 403 women. Of these, 9% (n = 37) had one ovary. The majority (59%, n = 233) had primary infertility. A male-associated factor accounted for 52% (n = 208) of the infertility cases. The total number of live births was 164; and the overall LBR from five cycles was estimated as 9%, 16%, 18%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. In the double ovary group, the highest rate was in the fourth cycle [19% (12-26)], while in the single ovary group peaked in the third cycle [27% (9-46)]. Pregnancy was at its highest in the first cycle, accounting for 88 pregnancies. Conclusion The outcomes of ART varied between study groups. LBR was lower in single ovary women. The average of five cycles in the single and double ovary groups was 13% and 15%, respectively. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in LBR between single or double ovary women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer L Aljahdali
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fatimah A Alkhaldi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah F Almujarri
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Haifa F Alsadhan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amirah S Yaqoub
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jawaher A Alsahabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nazish Masud
- Research Unit, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Afaf A Felemban
- Department of In-Vitro Fertilization, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.,Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
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