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Suchard MS, Martinson N, Malfeld S, de Assis Rosa D, Mackelprang RD, Lingappa J, Hou X, Rees H, Delany-Moretlwe S, Goldfein H, Ranchod H, Coetzee D, Otwombe K, Morris L, Tiemessen CT, Savulescu DM. Alloimmunity to Class 2 Human Leucocyte Antigens May Reduce HIV-1 Acquisition – A Nested Case-Control Study in HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813412. [PMID: 35401581 PMCID: PMC8987441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV), incorporate host proteins such as human leucocyte antigens (HLA) into their envelope. Pre-existing antibodies against HLA, termed HLA antibodies, may bind to these surface proteins and reduce viral infectivity. Related evidence includes macaque studies which suggest that xenoimmunization with HLA antigens may protect against simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Since HIV gp120 shows homology with class 2 HLA, including shared affinity for binding to CD4, class 2 HLA antibodies may influence HIV acquisition via binding to gp120 on the viral envelope. We conducted a nested case-control study on HIV serodiscordant couples, comparing the frequency of HLA antibodies among highly exposed persistently seronegative controls with those who went on to acquire HIV (HIV-seroconverters). We first performed low resolution HLA typing on 143 individuals who were HIV-infected at enrollment (index partners) and their corresponding sexual partners (115 highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and 28 HIV-seroconverters). We then measured HLA class 1 and 2 antibodies in the highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and HIV-seroconverters at early and late timepoints. We analyzed whether such antibodies were directed at HLA specificities of their HIV-infected index partners, and whether autoantibodies or complement-fixing class 2 HLA antibodies were present. Seventy-nine percent of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals had HLA antibodies; 56% against class 1 and 50% against class 2 alleles. Half of the group of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals, prior to seroconversion, expressed class 2 HLA antibodies, compared with only 29% of controls (p=0.05). HIV infection was a sensitizing event leading to de novo development of antibodies against HLA-A and HLA-B loci, but not against class 2 loci. HLA autoantibodies were present in 27% of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals. Complement-fixing class 2 HLA antibodies did not differ significantly between highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and seroconverters. In multivariable regression, presence of class 2 HLA antibodies at early timepoints was associated with reduced odds of HIV acquisition (odds ratio 0.330, confidence interval 0.112-0.976, p=0.045). These epidemiological data suggest that pre-existing class 2 HLA antibodies were associated with reduced odds of HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S. Suchard
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Melinda S. Suchard,
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal Health Research Unit (PHRU), University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins University Centre for TB Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan Malfeld
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debbie de Assis Rosa
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Romel D. Mackelprang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jairam Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xuanlin Hou
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hadassa Goldfein
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Coetzee
- Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Otwombe
- Perinatal Health Research Unit (PHRU), University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Virology Department, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Virology Department, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana M. Savulescu
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Coulon PG, Richetta C, Rouers A, Blanchet FP, Urrutia A, Guerbois M, Piguet V, Theodorou I, Bet A, Schwartz O, Tangy F, Graff-Dubois S, Cardinaud S, Moris A. HIV-Infected Dendritic Cells Present Endogenous MHC Class II-Restricted Antigens to HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:517-32. [PMID: 27288536 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely assumed that CD4(+) T cells recognize antigenic peptides (epitopes) derived solely from incoming, exogenous, viral particles or proteins. However, alternative sources of MHC class II (MHC-II)-restricted Ags have been described, in particular epitopes derived from newly synthesized proteins (so-called endogenous). In this study, we show that HIV-infected dendritic cells (DC) present MHC-II-restricted endogenous viral Ags to HIV-specific (HS) CD4(+) T cells. This endogenous pathway functions independently of the exogenous route for HIV Ag presentation and offers a distinct possibility for the immune system to activate HS CD4(+) T cells. We examined the implication of autophagy, which plays a crucial role in endogenous viral Ag presentation and thymic selection of CD4(+) T cells, in HIV endogenous presentation. We show that infected DC do not use autophagy to process MHC-II-restricted HIV Ags. This is unlikely to correspond to a viral escape from autophagic degradation, as infecting DC with Nef- or Env-deficient HIV strains did not impact HS T cell activation. However, we demonstrate that, in DC, specific targeting of HIV Ags to autophagosomes using a microtubule-associated protein L chain 3 (LC3) fusion protein effectively enhances and broadens HS CD4(+) T cell responses, thus favoring an endogenous MHC-II-restricted presentation. In summary, in DC, multiple endogenous presentation pathways lead to the activation of HS CD4(+) T cell responses. These findings will help in designing novel strategies to activate HS CD4(+) T cells that are required for CTL activation/maintenance and B cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Angéline Rouers
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- CNRS, FRE3689, Université de Montpellier, Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Alejandra Urrutia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Guerbois
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France; Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; and
| | - Anne Bet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, CNRS 8255, F-75013 Paris, France; Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; and
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Colineau L, Rouers A, Yamamoto T, Xu Y, Urrutia A, Pham HP, Cardinaud S, Samri A, Dorgham K, Coulon PG, Cheynier R, Hosmalin A, Oksenhendler E, Six A, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J, Koup RA, Autran B, Moris A, Graff-Dubois S. HIV-Infected Spleens Present Altered Follicular Helper T Cell (Tfh) Subsets and Skewed B Cell Maturation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140978. [PMID: 26501424 PMCID: PMC4621058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells within secondary lymphoid organs control multiple steps of B cell maturation and antibody (Ab) production. HIV-1 infection is associated with an altered B cell differentiation and Tfh isolated from lymph nodes of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals provide inadequate B cell help in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying this impairment of Tfh function are not fully defined. Using a unique collection of splenocytes, we compared the frequency, phenotype and transcriptome of Tfh subsets in spleens from HIV negative (HIV-) and HIV+ subjects. We observed an increase of CXCR5+PD-1highCD57-Tfh and germinal center (GC) CD57+ Tfh in HIV+ spleens. Both subsets showed a reduced mRNA expression of the transcription factor STAT-3, co-stimulatory, regulatory and signal transduction molecules as compared to HIV- spleens. Similarly, Foxp3 expressing follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells were increased, suggesting sustained GC reactions in chronically HIV+ spleens. As a consequence, GC B cell populations were expanded, however, complete maturation into memory B cells was reduced in HIV+ spleens where we evidenced a compromised production of B cell-activating cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10. Collectively our data indicate that, although Tfh proliferation and GC reactions seem to be ongoing in HIV-infected spleens, Tfh “differentiation” and expression of costimulatory molecules is skewed with a profound effect on B cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Colineau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Angeline Rouers
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine research center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yin Xu
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alejandra Urrutia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Assia Samri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtière, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtière, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Cheynier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Université Paris Diderot, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département d’Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Six
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Zaunders
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine research center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtière, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtière, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections—CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Variation of the specificity of the human antibody responses after tick-borne encephalitis virus infection and vaccination. J Virol 2014; 88:13845-57. [PMID: 25253341 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is an important human-pathogenic flavivirus endemic in large parts of Europe and Central and Eastern Asia. Neutralizing antibodies specific for the viral envelope protein E are believed to mediate long-lasting protection after natural infection and vaccination. To study the specificity and individual variation of human antibody responses, we developed immunoassays with recombinant antigens representing viral surface protein domains and domain combinations. These allowed us to dissect and quantify antibody populations of different fine specificities in sera of TBE patients and vaccinees. Postinfection and postvaccination sera both displayed strong individual variation of antibody titers as well as the relative proportions of antibodies to different domains of E, indicating that the immunodominance patterns observed were strongly influenced by individual-specific factors. The contributions of these antibody populations to virus neutralization were quantified by serum depletion analyses and revealed a significantly biased pattern. Antibodies to domain III, in contrast to what was found in mouse immunization studies with TBE and other flaviviruses, did not play any role in the human neutralizing antibody response, which was dominated by antibodies to domains I and II. Importantly, most of the neutralizing activity could be depleted from sera by a dimeric soluble form of the E protein, which is the building block of the icosahedral herringbone-like shell of flaviviruses, suggesting that antibodies to more complex quaternary epitopes involving residues from adjacent dimers play only a minor role in the total response to natural infection and vaccination in humans. IMPORTANCE Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is a close relative of yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses and distributed in large parts of Europe and Central and Eastern Asia. Antibodies to the viral envelope protein E prevent viral attachment and entry into cells and thus mediate virus neutralization and protection from disease. However, the fine specificity and individual variation of neutralizing antibody responses are currently not known. We have therefore developed new in vitro assays for dissecting the antibody populations present in blood serum and determining their contribution to virus neutralization. In our analysis of human postinfection and postvaccination sera, we found an extensive variation of the antibody populations present in sera, indicating substantial influences of individual-specific factors that control the specificity of the antibody response. Our study provides new insights into the immune response to an important human pathogen that is of relevance for the design of novel vaccines.
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Chiodi F, Kaufmann SHE. Combined efforts in immunology and vaccinology will lead to effective vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. J Intern Med 2014; 275:442-3. [PMID: 24635534 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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