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Sampatakakis SN, Roma M, Scarmeas N. Subjective Cognitive Decline and Genetic Propensity for Dementia beyond Apolipoprotein ε 4: A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1975-1986. [PMID: 38534745 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been described as a probable early stage of dementia, as it has consistently appeared to precede the onset of objective cognitive impairment. SCD is related to many risk factors, including genetic predisposition for dementia. The Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, which has been thoroughly studied, seems to explain genetic risk for SCD only partially. Therefore, we aimed to summarize existing data regarding genetic factors related to SCD, beyond APOE ε4, in order to improve our current understanding of SCD. We conducted a PRISMA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using the keywords "subjective cognitive decline" and "genetic predisposition" with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 270 articles identified, 16 were finally included for the qualitative analysis. Family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in regard to SCD was explored in eight studies, with conflicting results. Other genes implicated in SCD, beyond APOE ε4, were investigated in six studies, which were not strong enough to provide clear conclusions. Very few data have been published regarding the association of polygenic risk for AD and SCD. Thus, many more genes related to AD must be studied, with polygenic risk scores appearing to be really promising for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos N Sampatakakis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Roma
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Tato-Fernández C, Ekblad LL, Pietilä E, Saunavaara V, Helin S, Parkkola R, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO, Snellman A. Cognitively healthy APOE4/4 carriers show white matter impairment associated with serum NfL and amyloid-PET. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106439. [PMID: 38365046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Except for aging, carrying the APOE ε4 allele (APOE4) is the most important risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. APOE4 carriers may have reduced capacity to recycle lipids, resulting in white matter microstructural abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated whether white matter impairment measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) differs between healthy individuals with a different number of APOE4 alleles, and whether white matter impairment associates with brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) load and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). We studied 96 participants (APOE3/3, N = 37; APOE3/4, N = 39; APOE4/4, N = 20; mean age 70.7 (SD 5.22) years, 63% females) with a brain MRI including a DTI sequence (N = 96), Aβ-PET (N = 89) and a venous blood sample for the serum NfL concentration measurement (N = 88). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AxD) in six a priori-selected white matter regions-of-interest (ROIs) were compared between the groups using ANCOVA, with sex and age as covariates. A voxel-weighted average of FA, MD, RD and AxD was calculated for each subject, and correlations with Aβ-PET and NfL levels were evaluated. APOE4/4 carriers exhibited a higher MD and a higher RD in the body of corpus callosum than APOE3/4 (p = 0.0053 and p = 0.0049, respectively) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.042). APOE4/4 carriers had a higher AxD than APOE3/4 (p = 0.012) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.040) in the right cingulum adjacent to cingulate cortex. In the total sample, composite MD, RD and AxD positively correlated with the cortical Aβ load (r = 0.26 to 0.33, p < 0.013 for all) and with serum NfL concentrations (r = 0.31 to 0.36, p < 0.0028 for all). In conclusion, increased local diffusivity was detected in cognitively unimpaired APOE4/4 homozygotes compared to APOE3/4 and APOE3/3 carriers, and increased diffusivity correlated with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration. White matter impairment seems to be an early phenomenon in the Alzheimer's disease pathologic process in APOE4/4 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tato-Fernández
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Pietilä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Division of Medical Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Fan Y, Gao T, Tang X. Abnormal white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease based on diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101911. [PMID: 36931328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease in elderly individuals. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and further development to dementia (d-AD) are considered to be major stages of the progressive pathological development of AD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), one of the most important modalities of MRI, can describe the microstructure of white matter through its tensor model. It is widely used in understanding the central nervous system mechanism and finding appropriate potential biomarkers for the early stages of AD. Based on the multilevel analysis methods of DTI (voxelwise, fiberwise and networkwise), we summarized that AD patients mainly showed extensive microstructural damage, structural disconnection and topological abnormalities in the corpus callosum, fornix, and medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and cingulum. The diffusion features and structural connectomics of specific regions can provide information for the early assisted recognition of AD. The classification accuracy of SCD and normal controls can reach 92.68% at present. And due to the further changes of brain structure and function, the classification accuracy of MCI, d-AD and normal controls can reach more than 97%. Finally, we summarized the limitations of current DTI-based AD research and propose possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingwei Fan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Dai WZ, Liu L, Zhu MZ, Lu J, Ni JM, Li R, Ma T, Zhu XC. Morphological and Structural Network Analysis of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Brains Based on the APOE4 Gene. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1035-1048. [PMID: 36530087 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly common type of dementia. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a strong risk factor for AD. OBJECTIVE Here, we explored alterations in grey matter structure (GMV) and networks in AD, as well as the effects of the APOEɛ4 allele on neuroimaging regions based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). METHODS All subjects underwent an sMRI scan. GMV and cortical thickness were calculated using voxel-based morphological analysis, and structural networks were constructed based on graph theory analysis to compare differences between AD and normal controls. RESULTS The volumes of grey matter in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right limbic lobe, right frontal lobe, left anterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral olfactory cortex of patients with AD were significantly decreased. The cortical thickness in patients with AD was significantly reduced in the left lateral occipital lobe, inferior parietal lobe, orbitofrontal region, precuneus, superior parietal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, pars opercularis gyrus, insular gyrus, superior marginal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. In terms of local properties, there were significant differences between the AD and control groups in these areas, including the right bank, right temporalis pole, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, and left parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the morphological and structural covariate networks between AD patients and healthy controls under APOEɛ4 allele effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhuo Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhuo Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ni
- Radiology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ben-Ami L, Ravona-Springer R, Tsarfaty G, Raizman R, Shumacher A, Sharvit-Ginon I, Greenbaum L, Bendlin BB, Okun E, Heymann A, Schnaider Beeri M, Livny A. Neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline in adults at high risk for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1067196. [PMID: 36819726 PMCID: PMC9930909 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1067196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, interest has emerged in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as a potential precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Whether individuals with SCD harbor brain alterations in midlife, when AD-related pathology begins, is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the role of apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a robust AD risk factor, in the relationship between SCD and brain alterations is unknown. We examined whether APOE genotype modulates the association of SCD with brain measures in individuals at high AD risk. Methods Middle-aged adults with parental history of AD dementia underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire. Regression analysis tested the extent to which SCD was associated with activation during an functional MRI (fMRI) working-memory task, and white-matter microstructure. APOE ε4 genotype was tested as a moderator. Results Among APOE ε4 carriers, but not among non-carriers, SCD was associated with higher activation in the anterior cingulate (p = 0.003), inferior, middle, and superior frontal cortices (p = 0.041, p = 0.048, p = 0.037, respectively); and with lower fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.002), adjusting for age, sex, and education. Conclusion In middle aged, cognitively normal individuals at high AD risk, higher SCD was associated with greater brain alterations possibly reflecting incipient AD pathology. When accompanied by a family history of AD and an APOE ε4 allele, SCD may have important clinical value, allowing a window for early intervention and for participants' stratification in AD prevention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ben-Ami
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel,The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Raizman
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aleeza Shumacher
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Inbal Sharvit-Ginon
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel,The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abigail Livny
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,*Correspondence: Abigail Livny,
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Piersson AD, Mohamad M, Suppiah S, Rajab NF. Topographical patterns of whole-brain structural alterations in association with genetic risk, cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease, and neuropsychological measures. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Motta C, Finardi A, Toniolo S, Di Lorenzo F, Scaricamazza E, Loizzo S, Mercuri NB, Furlan R, Koch G, Martorana A. Protective Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease Carrying Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:681-689. [PMID: 32538836 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammatory cytokines can play a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributing to the evolution of degenerative processes. OBJECTIVE We aimed at evaluating the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in subjects with diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild AD. METHODS We evaluated CSF contents of inflammatory cytokines in 66 patients divided according to the NIA-AA research framework and the APOE genotype. CSF of a group of cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 23) was evaluated as control. All patients were evaluated for 24 months using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS We found significant increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and G-CSF in the CSF of A+/T-APOE4 carriers, respect to A+/T-patients homozygous for APOE3, respect to A+/T+ patients, regardless the APOE status, and respect to controls. Over a period of 24 months, A+/T-APOE4 carriers, with increased levels of cytokines, showed a preserved cognitive evaluation when compared to the other subgroups of patients (delta MMSE at 24 months respect to baseline: 0.10±0.35; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that during early phases of AD, in APOE4 carriers, Aβ pathology likely induces a specific cytokines pattern synthesis associated to cognitive preservation. These data highlight the different role that neuroinflammation can play in AD pathology based on the presence of specific CSF biomarkers and on the APOE status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Motta
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Toniolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Loizzo
- Center for Global Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Wang YJ, Hu H, Yang YX, Zuo CT, Tan L, Yu JT. Regional Amyloid Accumulation and White Matter Integrity in Cognitively Normal Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1261-1270. [PMID: 32176644 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) burden influenced white matter (WM) integrity before the onset of dementia. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the effects of Aβ burden on WM integrity in cognitively normal (CN) individuals were regionally specific. METHODS Our cohort consisted of 71 CNs from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database who underwent both AV45 amyloid-PET and diffusion tensor imaging. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was computed across four bilateral regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to four stages of in vivo amyloid staging model (Amyloid stages I-IV). Linear regression models were conducted in entire CN group and between APOEɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. RESULTS Our results indicated that higher global Aβ-SUVR was associated with higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the entire CN group (p = 0.023), and with both higher MD (p = 0.015) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) (p = 0.026) in APOEɛ4 carriers. Subregion analysis showed that higher Amyloid stage I-II Aβ-SUVRs were associated with higher MD (Stage-1: p = 0.030; Stage-2: p = 0.016) in the entire CN group, and with both higher MD (Stage-1: p = 0.004; Stage-2: p = 0.010) and lower FA (Stage-1: p = 0.022; Stage-2: p = 0.014) in APOEɛ4 carriers. No associations were found in APOEɛ4 non-carriers and in Amyloid stage III-IV ROIs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the effects of Aβ burden on WM integrity in CNs might be regionally specific, particularly in Amyloid stage I-II ROIs, and modulated by APOEɛ4 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Huang W, Su L, Xing Y, Jessen F, Sun Y, Shu N, Han Y. Neuroimaging advances regarding subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:55. [PMID: 32962744 PMCID: PMC7507636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is regarded as the first clinical manifestation in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Investigating populations with SCD is important for understanding the early pathological mechanisms of AD and identifying SCD-related biomarkers, which are critical for the early detection of AD. With the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accumulating evidence has revealed structural and functional brain alterations related to the symptoms of SCD. In this review, we summarize the main imaging features and key findings regarding SCD related to AD, from local and regional data to connectivity-based imaging measures, with the aim of delineating a multimodal imaging signature of SCD due to AD. Additionally, the interaction of SCD with other risk factors for dementia due to AD, such as age and the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ɛ4 status, has also been described. Finally, the possible explanations for the inconsistent and heterogeneous neuroimaging findings observed in individuals with SCD are discussed, along with future directions. Overall, the literature reveals a preferential vulnerability of AD signature regions in SCD in the context of AD, supporting the notion that individuals with SCD share a similar pattern of brain alterations with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to AD. We conclude that these neuroimaging techniques, particularly multimodal neuroimaging techniques, have great potential for identifying the underlying pathological alterations associated with SCD. More longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes combined with more advanced imaging modeling approaches such as artificial intelligence are still warranted to establish their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Sino-Britain Centre for Cognition and Ageing Research, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.
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10
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Investigations of Memory Monitoring in Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cogn Behav Neurol 2020; 33:201-207. [PMID: 32889952 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been called the prodromal stage of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI); however, further investigation is needed to confirm this observation. OBJECTIVE To define the relationship between SCD and aMCI. METHOD In this case-control study, we used the feeling-of-knowing in episodic memory (FOK-EM) test to measure the memory-monitoring function of 40 adults with aMCI, 60 with SCD, and 55 healthy controls. RESULTS The recognition rates of FOK-EM (53.53% ± 7.82%; 55.12% ± 6.08%) and judgment accuracy of the aMCI and SCD groups (γ values 0.21 ± 0.11; 0.30 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of the control group (72.32% ± 5.14%; 0.57 ± 0.16) (F = 116.24, P < 0.01; F = 128.57, P < 0.01; F = 73.33, P < 0.01). The scores for correct decision/correct recognition (RR; 27.2 ± 6.43; 29.36 ± 5.16) and correct decision/false recognition (RF; 30.41 ± 5.06; 27.26 ± 4.37) of the aMCI and SCD groups were also significantly lower than those of the control group (49.35 ± 7.13; 11.16 ± 4.35) (FRR = 132.67, P < 0.01; FRF = 131.8, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Mild clinical impairments in memory-monitoring function may precede clinically confirmed objective memory impairment in individuals with SCD.
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11
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Dauphinot V, Bouteloup V, Mangin J, Vellas B, Pasquier F, Blanc F, Hanon O, Gabelle A, Annweiler C, David R, Planche V, Godefroy O, Rivasseau‐Jonveaux T, Chupin M, Fischer C, Chêne G, Dufouil C, Krolak‐Salmon P. Subjective cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain MRI biomarkers in the MEMENTO cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12051. [PMID: 32647745 PMCID: PMC7335902 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive complaints may be a signature of preclinical stage Alzheimer's disease. However, the link between subjective cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain alterations remains unclear. METHODS The relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain biomarkers, measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging, was investigated in 2056 participants of the MEMENTO cohort of outpatients, who were dementia-free at baseline. We assessed whether the cognitive status at inclusion or the presence of the apolipoprotein E gene variant (APOE) ε4 could modulate the association between the intensity of complaints and brain lesions. RESULTS Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with higher memory complaints and discomfort in daily life. In APOE ε4 carriers, smaller whole-brain white matter and gray matter volumes and gyrification indices in several regions of interest of the parietal and temporal lobes, in the entorhinal and the para-hippocampal gyrus, were associated with higher memory complaint score. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of subjective complaints in not only memory but discomfort in daily life was associated with brain degeneration markers. The presence of APOE ε4 modulated the relationships between subjective memory complaints and brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dauphinot
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LyonLyon Institute for ElderlyCharpennes HospitalUniversity Hospital of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐François Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Bruno Vellas
- GérontopôleUniversity hospital of Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)ToulouseFrance
- Inserm UMR1027University of Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ LilleInserm 1171, CHUClinical and Research Memory Research Centre (CMRR) of DistalzLilleFrance
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Clinical and Memory Research Centre of Strasbourg (CMRR)University hostpital of StrasbourgGeriatrics unitGeriatric Day HospitalStrasbourgFrance
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Geriatry unitParis Descartes UniversityBroca hospitalParisFrance
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Clinical and Research Memory center of MontpellierDepartment of NeurologyGui de Chauliac HospitalUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAngers University HospitalAngers University Memory Clinic; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity; UPRES EA 4638University of AngersAngersFrance
- Robarts Research InstituteDepartment of Medical BiophysicsSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistrythe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Renaud David
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Nice University hospital of NiceEA COBTeKCôte d'Azur UniversityNiceFrance
| | - Vincent Planche
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of BordeauxClinical neurosciences centreUniversity hospital of BordeauxF‐33000 BordeauxFrance et 2. Univ. BordeauxCNRSgérontopole Institute of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBordeauxFrance
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Departments of NeurologyAmiens University Hospital (CHU Amiens)and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (EA 4559)Jules Verne University of PicardieAmiensFrance
- Institute of the Brain and Spinal CordInsermU1127,3 CNRS, UMR 7225Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Thérèse Rivasseau‐Jonveaux
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LorraineHospital of BraboisCognitive‐behavioral unitPaul Spillmann CentreCHRU de NancyFrance
- Communications Research GroupInterpsy EA4432 PsychologyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Marie Chupin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Clara Fischer
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Carole Dufouil
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Pierre Krolak‐Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LyonLyon Institute for ElderlyCharpennes HospitalUniversity Hospital of LyonLyonFrance
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LorraineHospital of BraboisCognitive‐behavioral unitPaul Spillmann CentreCHRU de NancyFrance
- Communications Research GroupInterpsy EA4432 PsychologyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
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12
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Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Nguyen LA, Hishaw GA, Trouard TP, Alexander GE. Right hippocampal volume mediation of subjective memory complaints differs by hypertension status in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:271-280. [PMID: 32688134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may be an important early indicator of cognitive aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease risk. This study investigated whether age-related differences in right or left hippocampal volume underlie SMCs, if these relationships differ by hypertension status, and how they are related to objective memory performance in a group of 190 healthy older adults, 50-89 years of age. Analyses revealed a significant mediation of the relationship between age and mild SMCs by right hippocampal volume that was moderated by hypertension status. This moderated mediation effect was not observed with left hippocampal volume. Additionally, a moderated serial mediation model showed that age predicted right hippocampal volume, which predicted SMCs, and in turn predicted objective memory performance on several measures of verbal selective reminding in individuals with hypertension, but not in non-hypertensives. Together, these findings suggest that even mild SMCs, in the context of hypertension, provide an early indicator of cognitive aging, reflecting a potential link among vascular risk, SMCs, and the preclinical risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren A Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Garibotto V, Lilja J, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. Amyloid Load, Hippocampal Volume Loss, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Changes in Early Phases of Brain Aging. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1228. [PMID: 31803008 PMCID: PMC6872975 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Amyloid imaging, gray matter (GM) morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have all been used as predictive biomarkers in dementia. Our objective was to define the imaging profile of healthy elderly controls as a function of their cognitive trajectories and explore whether amyloid burden and white matter (WM) microstructure changes are associated with subtle decrement of neuropsychological performances in old age. Materials and Methods We performed a 4.5-year longitudinal study in 133 elderly individuals who underwent cognitive testing at inclusion and follow-up, amyloid PET, MRI including DTI sequences at inclusion, and APOE epsilon 4 genotyping. All cases were assessed using a continuous cognitive score (CCS) taking into account the global evolution of neuropsychological performances. Data processing included region of interest analysis of amyloid PET analysis, GM densities and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)-DTI. Regression models were built to explore the association between the CCS and imaging parameters controlling for significant demographic and clinical covariates. Results Amyloid uptake was not related to the cognitive outcome. In contrast, GM densities in bilateral hippocampus were associated with worst CCS at follow-up. In addition, radial and axial diffusivities in left hippocampus were negatively associated with CCS. Amyloid load was associated with decreased VBM and increased radial and axial diffusivity in the same area. These associations persisted when adjusting for gender and APOE4 genotype. Importantly, they were absent in amygdala and neocortical areas studied. Conclusion The progressive decrement of neuropsychological performances in normal aging is associated with volume loss and WM microstructure changes in hippocampus long before the emergence of clinically overt symptoms. Higher amyloid load in hippocampus is compatible with cognitive preservation in cases with better preservation of GM densities and WM microstructure in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Lilja
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Ali JI, Smart CM, Gawryluk JR. Subjective Cognitive Decline and APOE ɛ4: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:303-320. [PMID: 30040718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report self-perceived declines in cognitive function but perform within normal limits on standardized tests. However, for some, these self-perceived changes may herald eventual decline to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In light of this, the relationship between SCD and APOE ɛ4, a known genetic risk factor for AD, has garnered interest; however, no systematic review of this literature exists. The current review (n = 36 articles) examined the prevalence of APOE ɛ4 in SCD samples relative to healthy and objectively impaired samples, and summarized APOE ɛ4-related risk of conversion from SCD to AD. Univariate ANOVA indicated that APOE ɛ4 frequency was comparable between healthy control and SCD samples, yet significantly higher in objectively impaired samples (i.e., MCI, AD) relative to either of these groups. Narrative review provided mixed evidence linking coincident APOE ɛ4-positive genotype and SCD to structural neuropathology. Though there was little evidence to suggest that APOE ɛ4 predisposes individuals to developing SCD, both APOE ɛ4 and SCD were found to confer individual and multiplicative risk of conversion to objective cognitive impairment. Combined, it is likely that a relationship between APOE ɛ4, SCD, and AD exists, though its exact nature remains undetermined. A clearer understanding of these relationships is hindered by a lack of standardization in SCD classification and a dearth of longitudinal outcome research. Wide-scale adoption of genetic screening for dementia risk in persons with SCD is considered premature at this time. Ethical considerations and clinical implications of genetic testing for dementia risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan I Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Colette M Smart
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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15
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Herrmann FR, Rodriguez C, Haller S, Garibotto V, Montandon ML, Giannakopoulos P. Gray Matter Densities in Limbic Areas and APOE4 Independently Predict Cognitive Decline in Normal Brain Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:157. [PMID: 31316372 PMCID: PMC6609870 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported significant associations between gray matter (GM) density changes in various limbic and neocortical areas and worst cognitive performances in elderly controls. Longitudinal studies in this field remain scarce and led to conflicting data. We report a clinico-radiological investigation of 380 cognitively preserved individuals who undergo neuropsychological assessment at baseline and after 18 months. All cases were assessed using a continuous cognitive score taking into account the global evolution of neuropsychological performances. The vast majority of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) 29 and 30 cases showed equal or worst performance at follow-up due to a ceiling effect. GM densities, white matter hyperintensities and arterial spin labeling (ASL) values were assessed in the hippocampus, amygdala, mesial temporal and parietal cortex at inclusion using 3 Tesla MRI Scans. Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid was available in a representative subsample of 64 cases. Regional amyloid uptake ratios (SUVr), mean cortical SUVr values (mcSUVr) and corresponding z-scores were calculated. Linear regression models were built to explore the association between the continuous cognitive score and imaging variables. The presence of an APOE-ε4 allele was negatively related to the continuous cognitive score. Among the areas studied, significant associations were found between GM densities in the hippocampus and amygdala but not mesial temporal and parietal areas and continuous cognitive score. Neither ASL values, Fazekas score nor mean and regional PET amyloid load was related to the cognitive score. In multivariate models, the presence of APOE-ε4 allele and GM densities in the hippocampus and amygdala were independently associated with worst cognitive evolution at follow-up. Our data support the idea that early GM damage in the hippocampus and amygdala occur long before the emergence of the very first signs of cognitive failure in brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- François R Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Division of Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Division of Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Johnson NF, Gold BT, Ross D, Bailey AL, Clasey JL, Gupta V, Leung SW, Powell DK. Non-fasting High-Density Lipoprotein Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:100. [PMID: 31133843 PMCID: PMC6513892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that biomarkers of cardiovascular risk may be related to cerebral health. However, little is known about the role that non-fasting lipoproteins play in assessing age-related declines in a cerebral biomarker sensitive to vascular compromise, white matter (WM) microstructure. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is atheroprotective and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major atherogenic lipoprotein. This study explored the relationships between non-fasting levels of cholesterol and WM microstructure in healthy older adults. A voxelwise and region of interest approach was used to determine the relationship between cholesterol and fractional anisotropy (FA). Participants included 87 older adults between the ages of 59 and 77 (mean age = 65.5 years, SD = 3.9). Results indicated that higher HDL-C was associated with higher FA in diffuse regions of the brain when controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). HDL-C was also positively associated with FA in the corpus callosum and fornix. No relationship was observed between LDL-C and FA. Findings suggest that a modifiable lifestyle variable associated with cardiovascular health may help to preserve cerebral WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Johnson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brian T Gold
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dorothy Ross
- Clinical Services Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alison L Bailey
- Erlanger Heart and Lung Institute, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vedant Gupta
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steve W Leung
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David K Powell
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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17
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Cavedo E, Lista S, Rojkova K, Chiesa PA, Houot M, Brueggen K, Blautzik J, Bokde ALW, Dubois B, Barkhof F, Pouwels PJW, Teipel S, Hampel H. Disrupted white matter structural networks in healthy older adult APOE ε4 carriers - An international multicenter DTI study. Neuroscience 2017; 357:119-133. [PMID: 28596117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allelic variant of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE ε4) is the best-established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). White matter (WM) microstructural damages measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) represent an early sign of fiber tract disconnection in AD. We examined the impact of APOE ε4 on WM microstructure in elderly individuals from the multicenter European DTI Study on Dementia. Voxelwise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, radD and axD respectively) was carried out using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Seventy-four healthy elderly individuals - 31 APOE ε4 carriers (APOE ε4+) and 43 APOE ε4 non-carriers (APOE ε4-) -were considered for data analysis. All the results were corrected for scanner acquisition protocols, age, gender and for multiple comparisons. APOE ε4+ and APOE ε4- subjects were comparable regarding sociodemographic features and global cognition. A significant reduction of FA and increased radD was found in the APOE ε4+ compared to the APOE ε4- in the cingulum, in the corpus callosum, in the inferior fronto-occipital and in the inferior longitudinal fasciculi, internal and external capsule. APOE ε4+, compared to APOE ε4- showed higher MD in the genu, right internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus and corona radiate. Comparisons stratified by center supported the results obtained on the whole sample. These findings support previous evidence in monocentric studies indicating a modulatory role of APOE ɛ4 allele on WM microstructure in elderly individuals at risk for AD suggesting early vulnerability and/or reduced resilience of WM tracts involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Katrine Rojkova
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrizia A Chiesa
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), ICM, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Janusch Blautzik
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Department of MRI, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Departament of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Teipel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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18
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Ackermann M, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. APOE* E4 Is Associated with Gray Matter Loss in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Healthy Elderly Controls Subsequently Developing Subtle Cognitive Decline. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1335-1342. [PMID: 28495939 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE*E4) is the strongest currently known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is associated with brain gray matter loss, notably in areas involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Our objective was to assess the effect of APOE*E4 on brain structures in healthy elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 382 community-dwelling elderly controls. At baseline, participants underwent MR imaging at 3T, extensive neuropsychological testing, and genotyping. After neuropsychological follow-up at 18 months, participants were classified into cognitively stable controls and cognitively deteriorating controls. Data analysis included whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and ROI analysis of GM. RESULTS APOE*E4-related GM loss at baseline was found only in the cognitively deteriorating controls in the posterior cingulate cortex. There was no APOE*E4-related effect in the hippocampus, mesial temporal lobe, or brain areas not involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Controls in the cognitively deteriorating group had slightly lower GM concentration in the hippocampus at baseline. Higher GM densities in the hippocampus, middle temporal lobe, and amygdala were associated with a decreased risk for cognitively deteriorating group status at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS APOE*E4-related GM loss in the posterior cingulate cortex (an area involved in Alzheimer disease pathology) was found only in those elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline but not in cognitively stable controls. This finding might explain the partially conflicting results of previous studies that typically did not include detailed neuropsychological assessment and follow-up. Most important, APOE*E4 status had no impact on GM density in areas affected early by neurofibrillary tangle formation such as the hippocampus and mesial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haller
- From the Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge (S.H.), Geneva, Switzerland .,Faculty of Medicine (S.H., M.-L.M., F.R.H., P.G.), University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Departments of Surgical Sciences and Radiology (S.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M-L Montandon
- Faculty of Medicine (S.H., M.-L.M., F.R.H., P.G.), University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry (M.-L.M., M.A.)
| | - C Rodriguez
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction (C.R., P.G.)
| | - M Ackermann
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry (M.-L.M., M.A.)
| | - F R Herrmann
- Faculty of Medicine (S.H., M.-L.M., F.R.H., P.G.), University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics (F.R.H.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Medicine (S.H., M.-L.M., F.R.H., P.G.), University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction (C.R., P.G.)
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Rathee R, Rallabandi VPS, Roy PK. Age-Related Differences in White Matter Integrity in Healthy Human Brain: Evidence from Structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2016; 9:9-20. [PMID: 27279747 PMCID: PMC4898444 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s39666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to investigate the relationship between microstructural white matter (WM) diffusivity indices and macrostructural WM volume (WMV) among healthy individuals (20–85 years). Whole-brain diffusion measures were calculated from diffusion tensor imaging using FMRIB software library while WMV was estimated through voxel-based morphometry, and voxel-based analysis was carried out using tract-based spatial statistics. Our results revealed that mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity had shown good correlation with WMV but not for fractional anisotropy (FA). Voxel-wise tract-based spatial statistics analysis for FA showed a significant decrease in four regions for middle-aged group compared to young-aged group, in 22 regions for old-aged group compared to middle-aged group, and in 26 regions for old-aged group compared to young-aged group (P < 0.05). We found significantly lower WMV, FA, and mean diffusivity values in females than males and inverted-U trend for FA in males. We conclude differential age- and gender-related changes for structural WMV and WM diffusion indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Rathee
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - V P Subramanyam Rallabandi
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Prasun K Roy
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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20
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Tai LM, Thomas R, Marottoli FM, Koster KP, Kanekiyo T, Morris AWJ, Bu G. The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:709-23. [PMID: 26884068 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is associated with cognitive decline during aging, is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and has links to other neurodegenerative conditions that affect cognition. Increasing evidence indicates that APOE genotypes differentially modulate the function of the cerebrovasculature (CV), with apoE and its receptors expressed by different cell types at the CV interface (astrocytes, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, brain endothelial cells). However, research on the role of apoE in CV dysfunction has not advanced as quickly as other apoE-modulated pathways. This review will assess what aspects of the CV are modulated by APOE genotypes during aging and under disease states, discuss potential mechanisms, and summarize the therapeutic significance of the topic. We propose that APOE4 induces CV dysfunction through direct signaling at the CV, and indirectly via modulation of peripheral and central pathways. Further, that APOE4 predisposes the CV to damage by, and exacerbates the effects of, additional risk factors (such as sex, hypertension, and diabetes). ApoE4-induced detrimental CV changes include reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), modified neuron-CBF coupling, increased blood-brain barrier leakiness, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhages and disrupted transport of nutrients and toxins. The apoE4-induced detrimental changes may be linked to pericyte migration/activation, astrocyte activation, smooth muscle cell damage, basement membrane degradation and alterations in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Felecia M Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alan W J Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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