1
|
Alzaidi AA, Panek R, Blockley NP. Quantitative BOLD (qBOLD) imaging of oxygen metabolism and blood oxygenation in the human body: A scoping review. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1822-1837. [PMID: 39072791 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are many approaches to the quantitative BOLD (qBOLD) technique described in the literature, differing in pulse sequences, MRI parameters and data processing. Thus, in this review, we summarized the acquisition methods, approaches used for oxygenation quantification and clinical populations investigated. METHODS Three databases were systematically searched (Medline, Embase, and Web of Science) for published research that used qBOLD methods for quantification of oxygen metabolism. Data extraction and synthesis were performed by one author and reviewed by a second author. RESULTS A total of 93 relevant papers were identified. Acquisition strategies were summarized, and oxygenation parameters were found to have been investigated in many pathologies such as steno-occlusive diseases, stroke, glioma, and multiple sclerosis disease. CONCLUSION A summary of qBOLD approaches for oxygenation measurements and applications could help researchers to identify good practice and provide objective information to inform the development of future consensus recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam A Alzaidi
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafal Panek
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas P Blockley
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee H, Xu J, Fernandez-Seara MA, Wehrli FW. Validation of a new 3D quantitative BOLD based cerebral oxygen extraction mapping. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1184-1198. [PMID: 38289876 PMCID: PMC11179617 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231220332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative BOLD (qBOLD) MRI allows evaluation of oxidative metabolism of the brain based purely on an endogenous contrast mechanism. The method quantifies deoxygenated blood volume (DBV) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of venous blood (Yv), yielding oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and along with a separate measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) maps. Here, we evaluated our recently reported 3D qBOLD method that rectifies a number of deficiencies in prior qBOLD approaches in terms of repeat reproducibility and sensitivity to hypercapnia on the metabolic parameters, and in comparison to dual-gas calibrated BOLD (cBOLD) MRI for determining resting-state oxygen metabolism. Results suggested no significant difference between test-retest qBOLD scans in either DBV and OEF. Exposure to hypercapnia yielded group averages of 38 and 28% for OEF and 151 and 146 µmol/min/100 g for CMRO2 in gray matter at baseline and hypercapnia, respectively. The decrease of OEF during hypercapnia was significant (p ≪ 0.01), whereas CMRO2 did not change significantly (p = 0.25). Finally, baseline OEF (37 vs. 39%) and CMRO2 (153 vs. 145 µmol/min/100 g) in gray matter using qBOLD and dual-gas cBOLD were found to be in good agreement with literature values, and were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria A Fernandez-Seara
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madden DJ, Merenstein JL. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain iron in healthy aging and cognition. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120401. [PMID: 37802405 PMCID: PMC10797559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can assess the magnetic properties of cerebral iron in vivo. Although brain iron is necessary for basic neurobiological functions, excess iron content disrupts homeostasis, leads to oxidative stress, and ultimately contributes to neurodegenerative disease. However, some degree of elevated brain iron is present even among healthy older adults. To better understand the topographical pattern of iron accumulation and its relation to cognitive aging, we conducted an integrative review of 47 QSM studies of healthy aging, with a focus on five distinct themes. The first two themes focused on age-related increases in iron accumulation in deep gray matter nuclei versus the cortex. The overall level of iron is higher in deep gray matter nuclei than in cortical regions. Deep gray matter nuclei vary with regard to age-related effects, which are most prominent in the putamen, and age-related deposition of iron is also observed in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions during healthy aging. The third theme focused on the behavioral relevance of iron content and indicated that higher iron in both deep gray matter and cortical regions was related to decline in fluid (speed-dependent) cognition. A handful of multimodal studies, reviewed in the fourth theme, suggest that iron interacts with imaging measures of brain function, white matter degradation, and the accumulation of neuropathologies. The final theme concerning modifiers of brain iron pointed to potential roles of cardiovascular, dietary, and genetic factors. Although QSM is a relatively recent tool for assessing cerebral iron accumulation, it has significant promise for contributing new insights into healthy neurocognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jenna L Merenstein
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Grinsven EE, de Leeuw J, Siero JCW, Verhoeff JJC, van Zandvoort MJE, Cho J, Philippens MEP, Bhogal AA. Evaluating Physiological MRI Parameters in Patients with Brain Metastases Undergoing Stereotactic Radiosurgery-A Preliminary Analysis and Case Report. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4298. [PMID: 37686575 PMCID: PMC10487230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases occur in ten to thirty percent of the adult cancer population. Treatment consists of different (palliative) options, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Sensitive MRI biomarkers are needed to better understand radiotherapy-related effects on cerebral physiology and the subsequent effects on neurocognitive functioning. In the current study, we used physiological imaging techniques to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) before and three months after SRS in nine patients with brain metastases. The results showed improvement in OEF, CBF and CMRO2 within brain tissue that recovered from edema (all p ≤ 0.04), while CVR remained impacted. We observed a global post-radiotherapy increase in CBF in healthy-appearing brain tissue (p = 0.02). A repeated measures correlation analysis showed larger reductions within regions exposed to higher radiotherapy doses in CBF (rrm = -0.286, p < 0.001), CMRO2 (rrm = -0.254, p < 0.001), and CVR (rrm = -0.346, p < 0.001), but not in OEF (rrm = -0.004, p = 0.954). Case analyses illustrated the impact of brain metastases progression on the post-radiotherapy changes in both physiological MRI measures and cognitive performance. Our preliminary findings suggest no radiotherapy effects on physiological parameters occurred in healthy-appearing brain tissue within 3-months post-radiotherapy. Nevertheless, as radiotherapy can have late side effects, larger patient samples allowing meaningful grouping of patients and longer follow-ups are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. van Grinsven
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi de Leeuw
- Department of Radiology, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.L.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Jeroen C. W. Siero
- Department of Radiology, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.L.); (A.A.B.)
- Spinoza Center for Neuroimaging, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J. C. Verhoeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.E.P.P.)
| | - Martine J. E. van Zandvoort
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA;
| | - Marielle E. P. Philippens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.E.P.P.)
| | - Alex A. Bhogal
- Department of Radiology, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.L.); (A.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biondetti E, Cho J, Lee H. Cerebral oxygen metabolism from MRI susceptibility. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120189. [PMID: 37230206 PMCID: PMC10335841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of MRI methods exploiting magnetic susceptibility properties of blood to assess cerebral oxygen metabolism, including the tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The first section is devoted to describing blood magnetic susceptibility and its effect on the MRI signal. Blood circulating in the vasculature can have diamagnetic (oxyhemoglobin) or paramagnetic properties (deoxyhemoglobin). The overall balance between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin determines the induced magnetic field which, in turn, modulates the transverse relaxation decay of the MRI signal via additional phase accumulation. The following sections of this review then illustrate the principles underpinning susceptibility-based techniques for quantifying OEF and CMRO2. Here, it is detailed whether these techniques provide global (OxFlow) or local (Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping - QSM, calibrated BOLD - cBOLD, quantitative BOLD - qBOLD, QSM+qBOLD) measurements of OEF or CMRO2, and what signal components (magnitude or phase) and tissue pools they consider (intravascular or extravascular). Validations studies and potential limitations of each method are also described. The latter include (but are not limited to) challenges in the experimental setup, the accuracy of signal modeling, and assumptions on the measured signal. The last section outlines the clinical uses of these techniques in healthy aging and neurodegenerative diseases and contextualizes these reports relative to results from gold-standard PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyunyeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng F, Yang Y, Jin G. Research Progress on MRI for White Matter Hyperintensity of Presumed Vascular Origin and Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865920. [PMID: 35873763 PMCID: PMC9301233 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensity of presumed vascular origin (WMH) is a common medical imaging manifestation in the brains of middle-aged and elderly individuals. WMH can lead to cognitive decline and an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in patients with WMH remains unclear. WMH increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the nature and severity of which depend on lesion volume and location and the patient's cognitive reserve. Abnormal changes in microstructure, cerebral blood flow, metabolites, and resting brain function are observed in patients with WMH with cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for detecting WMH, and novel MRI techniques have emerged as the key approaches for exploring WMH and cognitive impairment. This article provides an overview of the association between WMH and cognitive impairment and the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, 3D-arterial spin labeling, intravoxel incoherent motion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and resting-state functional MRI for examining WMH and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Meng
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, China Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Jin
- Department of Radiology, China Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangwei Jin
| |
Collapse
|