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Crawford C, Williams JR. Support Needs of Labor and Delivery Nurses After Traumatic Experiences. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2024; 53:383-396. [PMID: 38369297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of psychological distress, overall distress, and institutional support following a traumatic workplace event on absenteeism, turnover intention, and resilience among labor and delivery nurses. DESIGN A quantitative cross-sectional survey. SETTING Online distribution from January 13, 2021, to February 2, 2021. PARTICIPANTS A nationwide convenience sample of labor and delivery nurses recruited from the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (N = 171). METHODS Participants completed a survey that included the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool-Revised and the Second Victim Support Desirability survey. We compared available versus desired support options using descriptive analyses. We examined levels of psychological distress and lack of institutional support in relation to turnover intention, absenteeism, and resilience using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Participants identified and described various traumatic experiences in the workplace, including neonatal and maternal death, complicated births, and workplace violence. Participants indicated that the available support services did not meet their needs. Psychological distress, overall distress, and lack of institutional support were associated with absenteeism and turnover, whereas only institutional support was associated with resilience. CONCLUSION Labor and delivery nurses encounter various traumatic events in the workplace, and the support services provided after an event do not meet their needs. Additional research is needed to understand the scope of the problem and investigate best practices to assist labor and delivery nurses following traumatic events.
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Uddin H, Hasan MK, Castro-Delgado R. Effects of mass casualty incidents on anxiety, depression and PTSD among doctors and nurses: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075478. [PMID: 37696639 PMCID: PMC10496702 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both doctors and nurses showed a greater risk of being exposed to different mental health conditions following mass casualties. This systematic review aims to synthesise the existing evidence on the prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and their associated risk factors among doctors and nurses following mass casualty incidents. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Seven electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Nursing & Allied Health database) will be searched from 2010 to 2022 with peer-reviewed articles in English language using the predefined keywords. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts, as well as review the full texts using the eligibility criteria, then extract data independently. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools (NIH-QAT) for quantitative studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for qualitative studies and the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for mixed-method studies will be used to measure the quality appraisal of eligible studies. A third reviewer will resolve the discrepancies when the two reviewers cannot reach an agreement in any step. The result from the eligible studies will be described following narrative synthesis with the key characteristics and findings of the included studies, and meta-analysis will be performed, if applicable. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review deals with existing published studies without any personally identifiable information of participants. Therefore, ethical approval from the research committee is not required. Findings from this review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023412852.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal Uddin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Md Khalid Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rafael Castro-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SAMU-Asturias), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (Research Group on Prehospital Care and Disasters, GIAPREDE), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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McCall WT. Piloting Peer Support to Decrease Secondary Traumatic Stress, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Air Medical Crewmembers. Air Med J 2023; 42:157-162. [PMID: 37150568 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current research was performed to assess professional quality of life; identify factors associated with secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction; and evaluate the effectiveness of a peer support pilot intervention among air medical crewmembers. METHODS Quantitative research methods were used to assess secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, and burnout among flight nurses and paramedics. Demographic variables and secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction scores using the Professional Quality of Life Scale were assessed. A comparison of survey scores obtained before and 16 months after the implementation of a piloted peer support program was performed. RESULTS Crewmembers with less experience within an air medical program and those without a support system are at the highest risk of developing secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and impaired compassion satisfaction. Observed scores for secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction suggest that peer support may be an effective intervention among air medical crewmembers. No statistically significant differences in secondary traumatic stress, burnout, or compassion satisfaction were observed by clinical role, marital status, or years in their profession. CONCLUSION Peer support after emotionally challenging or stressful transports may combat secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout. This intervention would be most beneficial for crewmembers who are newer to the transport organization and lack social or familial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Travis McCall
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing/Vanderbilt LifeFlight, Nashville, TN.
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4
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Bentz JA, Vanderspank-Wright B, Lalonde M, Tyerman J. 'They all stay with me'-An interpretive phenomenological analysis on nurses' experiences resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:701-714. [PMID: 35253290 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the lived experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. BACKGROUND Emergency department nurses exposed to paediatric resuscitations are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress. This may be especially true in community hospital emergency departments, where nurses have less exposure to, knowledge about, and resources for managing these events. Interventions to proactively prevent nurse trauma in these contexts remain largely uninvestigated. To inform such interventions, a detailed understanding of the largely unknown lived experiences of these nurses is necessary. DESIGN AND METHODS In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four registered nurses that had experienced at least one paediatric resuscitation while working in a community hospital emergency department in Ontario, Canada. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Reporting follows the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Analysis revealed three superordinate themes (i.e. 'Conceptualising Paediatric Resuscitations', 'Seeing What I See', and 'Making Sense of What I Saw') and nine corresponding subthemes. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the infrequent, but profound experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. Nurses, who conceptualise these events as unnatural, emotional, and chaotic, are comforted by those who understand their experiences and are distressed by those who cannot see what they see. To reconcile what they have seen, nurses may reflect and ruminate on the event, ultimately restructuring their experiences of themselves, others, and the world to make room for a new reality where the safety of childhood is not certain. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our findings contribute to pragmatic recommendations for interventions to proactively prevent nurse distress in these contexts, including psychoeducation, psychological support and in-situ simulation activities. Nursing leaders should consider staff that have resuscitated children as valuable sources for information on how to improve practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Anne Bentz
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Lalonde
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Tyerman
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Liu W, Sun L, Yin X, Zhao H, Zhu G, Lian B, Sun H. Relationship between job stress, thinking style and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in mental health nurses. Front Public Health 2022; 10:979138. [PMID: 36187683 PMCID: PMC9521599 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.979138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health nurses are often exposed to stressful events which may lead to feeling of stress in their daily work, and this feeling has a profound impact on nurses' mental health. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between job stress, thinking style and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of mental health nurses, and to explore the mechanism of job stress and thinking style on symptoms of PTSD. Method This cross-sectional study collected related data of 351 mental health nurses in China, and the data was analyzed by PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results The results showed that 18.2% of mental health nurses had the symptoms of PTSD. Thinking style (monarchic thinking style, anarchic thinking style and external thinking style) played a moderating role in the predictive effects of job stress on the symptoms of PTSD. Discussion The research pointed out the relationship between job stress and symptom of PTSD, and clarified the critical role of thinking style among mental health nurses. Implications for practice It is recommended that organizations should enact effective policy and intervention programs to reduce job stress and PTSD symptoms of mental health nurses which may improve their mental health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xunbao Yin
- School of Teacher Education, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- Depression Treatment Center, Weifang Mental Health Center, Weifang, China
| | - Bo Lian
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China,*Correspondence: Hongwei Sun
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Schuster M, Berbert L, Meyer S, Dwyer PA. The Impact of Psychological Capital and Workplace Social Support on Pediatric Oncology Nurses' Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptomology. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022; 39:231-242. [PMID: 35791851 DOI: 10.1177/27527530211073737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Work-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop in nurses. Pediatric oncology nursing is a potentially high-risk subspecialty for PTSD secondary to the nature of the work. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of PTSD symptomology and explore relationships between nurse psychological capital, workplace social supports, and PTSD symptomology in pediatric oncology nurses. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional correlational survey design. Pediatric oncology nurses working in direct patient care in the United States completed a demographics questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Coworker Support Scale, Supervisor Support Scale, and the Post traumatic Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PCL-5). Descriptive and inferential statistics, including logistic regression models, were used to analyze data. A cutoff score of ≥31 on the PCL-5 was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD symptomology. Results: The sample included 424 nurses. The prevalence of PTSD symptomology was 13.4%. Work setting (inpatient), decreased coworker and leadership social support, and psychological capital were independently associated with PTSD symptomology. After controlling for covariates, only psychological capital was associated with PTSD symptomology. For a 1 unit decrease in PCQ score, pediatric oncology nurses were 4.25 times more likely to have PTSD symptomology. Discussion: PTSD prevalence rates in pediatric oncology nurses are aligned with rates found in other nursing specialties. Nurse psychological capital may play a protective role against PTSD symptomology. Implications for Future Research: Findings support PTSD as a serious workplace concern for nurses. Workplace programs that foster nurses' psychological capabilities should be considered to protect against the development of PTSD symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Schuster
- Inpatient Hematology/Oncology Unit, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Meyer
- Cardiovascular and Critical Care, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia A Dwyer
- Satellite Clinical Operations, 1862Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Matthews LR, Alden LE, Wagner S, Carey MG, Corneil W, Fyfe T, Randall C, Regehr C, White M, Buys N, White N, Fraess-Phillips A, Krutop E. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN PERSONNEL WORKING IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Emerg Med 2022; 62:617-635. [PMID: 35379514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professionals working in the emergency department (ED) are regularly exposed to traumatic events. Rates of posttraumatic mental health conditions vary widely in the literature and there is no agreement that rates in ED staff are elevated relative to other populations. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review of international literature reporting prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in ED personnel to determine whether prevalence is elevated compared to the general community, and to evaluate convergent evidence across the literature for predictive factors. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review on this topic in the literature at this time. METHODS Seven databases were searched for studies reporting rates of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in ED personnel. Two independent researchers screened studies and assessed quality using Munn's Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument. Best-evidence synthesis determined whether conditions demonstrated elevated prevalence compared to the general population of Canada, a conservative benchmark. RESULTS Twenty-four studies from 12 countries and a combined sample size of 4768 were included. PTSD rates ranged from 0% to 23.6% (mean 10.47%), depression ranged from 0.7% to 77.1% (mean 24.8%), and anxiety rates ranged from 2.4% to 14.6% (mean 9.29%). Each condition was elevated compared to the general population. Sociodemographic variables were not consistent predictors. Elevated PTSD seemed most strongly related to workplace exposure and maladaptive coping. CONCLUSIONS ED professionals have an elevated risk of experiencing PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Identification of organizational and workplace predictors are needed to inform interventions that will reduce risk and provide optimal treatment and management of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in ED settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda R Matthews
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynn E Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon Wagner
- College of Arts, Social and Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary G Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Wayne Corneil
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences and Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Randall
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Health Group, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Marc White
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Buys
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole White
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Fraess-Phillips
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyssa Krutop
- Aligned Kamloops, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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Rodney T, Heidari O, Miller HN, Thornton CP, Jenkins E, Kang HK. Posttraumatic stress disorder in nurses in the United States: Prevalence and effect on role. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:226-233. [PMID: 34590765 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. nurses and to examine how severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms are associated with their role. BACKGROUND The lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder is estimated at 6.8%. Loss of workdays, inability to perform at full capacity, and loss of fulfillment are a few of the issues associated with an individual diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Untreated consequences include early retirement, loss of job, disability, and suicide. METHOD Participants completed an online survey that included the 20-item posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-5. RESULTS Severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among nurses estimates that 28.4% have a probable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder with 15.4% experiencing severe symptoms. The impact of stress was negative job performance impacting mental fatigue and workplace attrition. Coping skills included mindfulness and utilizing social networks. CONCLUSIONS Nurses are exposed to traumatic experiences, which has an impact on their mental health and well-being and ability to successfully perform their jobs. The impact of these experiences is not differentiated by demographic correlates. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This highlights multiple modifiable factors that impact the severity of stressful experiences. Addressing environmental, organizational, and intrapersonal changes are key components in alleviating the negative impact experienced by nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Rodney
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omeid Heidari
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hailey N Miller
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Emerald Jenkins
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Association of Nursing Work Environment, Relationship with the Head Nurse, and Resilience with Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Department Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062857. [PMID: 33799692 PMCID: PMC8000108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Emergency department nurses are confronted with unpredictable diseases and disasters and work-related traumatic stress events. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing work environment, relationship with the head nurse, resilience, and posttraumatic growth among emergency department nurses. Data were collected from December 2018 to February 2019 through a self-administered survey questionnaire. Participants comprised 127 nurses working in the emergency department. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression. The mean posttraumatic growth score of emergency department nurses was 2.59 ± 0.64 out of a possible 5.00. The posttraumatic growth showed a statistically significant difference according to age in the emergency department nurse. Resilience was the most significant variable controlling other variables, accounting for 29% of the variability. The findings support that intervention programs should be developed to encourage a positive relationship with the head nurse and enhance resilience in emergency department nurses.
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10
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Ceccarelli G. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers: a ten-year systematic review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020009. [PMID: 33263341 PMCID: PMC8023102 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i12-s.9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Healthcare workers (HCWs) employed in hospital settings frequently experience many occupational stressors leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Literature has increasingly highlighted PTSD as a major issue that involves both staff and healthcare organizations; the consequences of PTSD may include medication errors and lower standards of care. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses the need for preventing PTSD in HCWs working closely with COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the latest developments in assessing and managing the occupational risk of PTSD symptoms in hospital HCWs. Methods: We searched for publications in MEDLINE/Pubmed using selected keywords. Each article was reviewed and categorized into one or more of the following four categories based on its subject matter: risk assessment, risk management and occurrence rates. Results: Our search resulted in a total of 32 publications that matched our inclusion criteria. Increased years of service, older age, previous year exposure to violence, personality traits (i.e. neuroticism), history of mental disorders, being non-graduates, were found to be workers’ pre-trauma factors predicting PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to prioritize preventative interventions aimed to anticipate the effects of traumatic exposure by training HCWs in evidence based anticipatory methods of coping with stressful events. With regard to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we found evidence of the need to strength social support and training targeted at psychological skills of medical staff who treated COVID-19 patients. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy..
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Caring for Patients From a School Shooting: A Qualitative Case Series in Emergency Nursing. J Emerg Nurs 2020; 46:712-721.e1. [PMID: 32828487 PMCID: PMC7435288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Emergency nurses are at risk for secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout as a result of witnessing the trauma and suffering of patients. The traumatic events perceived as being most stressful for emergency nurses involve sudden death, children, and adolescents. Multicasualty, school-associated shooting events are, therefore, likely to affect emergency nurses, and recent reports indicate an increase in multicasualty, school-associated shootings. This research is necessary to learn of emergency nurses’ experiences of caring for patients from a school shooting event in an effort to benefit future preparedness, response, and recovery. This manuscript describes these experiences and provides opportunities for nurses, peers, and leaders to promote mental health and resilience among emergency nurses who may provide care to patients after such events. Methods A qualitative case series approach, a theory of secondary traumatic stress, and the compassion fatigue resilience model guided the research. The emergency nurses who provided care to patients who were injured during a 2018 multicasualty, school-associated shooting in the Southeastern United States were invited to participate. Results The themes identified by this research with 7 participants were preparation and preparedness, coping and support mechanisms, and reflections and closure. Discussion The results identified through this research may be translated to policies and practice to improve emergency nurses’ welfare, coping, resilience, and retention. Patient outcomes may also be improved through planning and preparedness.
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12
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Xu H(G, Kynoch K, Tuckett A, Eley R. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce emergency department staff occupational stress and/or burnout: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:1156-1188. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Schuster M, Dwyer PA. Post‐traumatic stress disorder in nurses: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:2769-2787. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chang IC, Cheng WC, Kung WC. A Stress Relief App Intervention for Newly Employed Nursing Staff: Quasi-Experimental Design. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e15785. [PMID: 31850848 PMCID: PMC6939249 DOI: 10.2196/15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most newly employed nurses have limited practical experience, lack problem-solving abilities, and have low resistance to stress, and therefore often opt to resign from the nursing profession. Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a stress relief app (SR_APP) to monitor the stress levels of newly employed nurses. Methods We conducted a quasi-experiment to assess changes in stress levels of newly employed nurses at a case hospital, in which the experimental group used the SR_APP and the control group did not. In-depth interviews were conducted to reveal insights regarding their stress. The app usage experiences of experimental group members were assessed via a questionnaire. Results All the participants appreciated the experiment and were interested to know more about managing their stress. The experimental group members showed significant differences in heart rate variability scores before and after using the SR_APP, and they reported high levels of intention to use and satisfaction with regard to the SR_APP. Conclusions The SR_APP can be effective in helping newly employed nurses to manage their stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chiu Chang
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Department of Information Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Information Technology Office, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kung
- Nursing Department, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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15
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A Systematic Review of the Impact of Disaster on the Mental Health of Medical Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34:632-643. [PMID: 31625487 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of negative psychological health conditions following a disaster. AIM Published literature was reviewed on the adverse psychological health outcomes in medical responders to various disasters and mass casualties in order to: (1) assess the psychological impact of disasters on medical responders; and (2) identify the possible risk factors associated with psychological impacts on medical responders. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Discovery Service, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies on the prevalence/risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental disorders in medical responders of disasters and mass casualties was carried out using pre-determined keywords. Two reviewers screened the 3,545 abstracts and 28 full-length articles which were included for final review. RESULTS Depression and PTSD were the most studied outcomes in medical responders. Nurses reported higher levels of adverse outcomes than physicians. Lack of social support and communication, maladaptive coping, and lack of training were important risk factors for developing negative psychological outcomes across all types of disasters. CONCLUSIONS Disasters have significant adverse effects on the mental well-being of medical responders. The prevalence rates and presumptive risk factors varied among three different types of disasters. There are certain high-risk, vulnerable groups among medical responders, as well as certain risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes. Adapting preventive measures and mitigation strategies aimed at high-risk groups would be beneficial in decreasing negative outcomes.
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Xu HG, Kynoch K, Tuckett A, Eley R, Newcombe P. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce occupational stress among emergency department staff: a systematic review protocol. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2019; 17:513-519. [PMID: 30973525 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION The aim of the review is to synthesize the best available evidence on interventions targeting occupational stress and burnout among emergency department (ED) staff. The specific review questions are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Grace Xu
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Worker, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn Kynoch
- The Queensland Centre for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence
| | - Anthony Tuckett
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Worker, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert Eley
- Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Emergency Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Newcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Vance MC, Kovachy B, Dong M, Bui E. Peritraumatic distress: A review and synthesis of 15 years of research. J Clin Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29543336 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the subjective trauma exposure criterion was removed from the DSM-5 criteria set for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emerging literature suggests that peritraumatic distress may be useful in predicting outcomes after exposure to a stressful event. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature examining the association between peritraumatic distress and PTSD and other psychiatric outcomes. The 57 studies herein varied in both experimental design and target populations. RESULTS Forty-eight studies found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD outcome measures, 23 found associations between peritraumatic distress and other psychiatric outcomes, and three found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD-related symptoms or other psychiatric outcomes after non-Criterion A stressful events by DSM-5 criteria. CONCLUSION Peritraumatic distress is associated with PTSD symptom severity, other psychiatric symptoms, and severity of PTSD-related symptoms after exposure to non-Criterion A events, suggesting that peritraumatic distress is a risk factor for various psychiatric outcomes and furthering our understanding of the impact of subjective experience on trauma psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Vance
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Eric Bui
- Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts General Hospital
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18
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Geoffrion S, Goncalves J, Boyer R, Marchand A, Guay S. The Effects of Trivialization of Workplace Violence on Its Victims: Profession and Sex Differences in a Cross-Sectional Study among Healthcare and Law Enforcement Workers. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:369-382. [PMID: 28355455 PMCID: PMC6824521 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers from the law enforcement and healthcare sectors tend to normalize or mute their victimization from workplace violence (WPV). OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the impact of the trivialization of WPV on psychological consequences for workers who have been affected by a WPV incident. The second aim is to assess the moderating effect of sex on the trivialization of WPV. The third and overarching aim is to assess the moderating effect of professional identity on the relations between individual and organizational factors and psychological consequences following a WPV incident. METHODS The findings are based on a convenience sample of 377 (204 female and 173 male) workers from the law enforcement and healthcare sectors. Individual factors (sex, age, professional identity, prior victimization, witnessing WPV, injuries, and trivialization of violence) and perceived support factors (colleagues' support and employer's support) were used as predictor variables of psychological consequences in hierarchical linear regression models. Sex was used as a moderator of trivialization while professional identity was used as a moderator of all predictors. FINDINGS When individual and social support factors were controlled for, normalizing violence was negatively associated with psychological consequences while perceiving a taboo associated with complaining about WPV was positively associated for all participants. When these relations were moderated by the sex of the participants and then by their professional identity, normalization was found to decrease psychological consequences only for male healthcare workers. IMPLICATIONS To help employees cope with WPV, organizations should promote strategies adapted to profession and sex differences. For male healthcare workers, normalization as a cognitive coping strategy should be formally recognized. For both professions and sexes, organizational strategies that counter the perceived taboo of complaining about violence should be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Geoffrion
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jane Goncalves
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, 7331 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, Québec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Richard Boyer
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, 7331 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, Québec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - André Marchand
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, 7331 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, Québec H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychology of Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, Québec H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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