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Thapa DR, Stengård J, Ekström-Bergström A, Areskoug Josefsson K, Krettek A, Nyberg A. Job demands, job resources, and health outcomes among nursing professionals in private and public healthcare sectors in Sweden - a prospective study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:140. [PMID: 35668404 PMCID: PMC9168641 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing professionals exhibit high prevalence of stress-related health problems. Job demands and job resources are parallel drivers of health and well-being among employees. Better job resources associate with better job satisfaction, job motivation and engagement even when job demands are high. To date, there is limited research which explores the association between job demands, job resources and health outcomes among nursing professionals in the Swedish context. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate Swedish nursing professionals' job demands and job resources in relation to health outcomes, with comparisons between the private and public healthcare sectors. The specific research questions were as follows: (1) Are there differences between private and public healthcare regarding job demands, job resources, and health outcomes? and (2) Are there prospective associations between job demands and job resources in relation to health outcomes? METHODS Data were drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) 2016 and 2018, including 520 nurses and 544 assistant nurses working in the private and public healthcare sectors from 2016 (baseline). Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Nursing professionals reported higher threats, lower bullying, lower control, lower social support, and lower cohesion in the public healthcare units compared to the private healthcare units. The prospective analyses showed that job resources in terms of social support and rewards were associated with higher self-rated health and lower burnout. Cohesion was associated with higher self-rated health. Job demands in terms of psychological demands and job efforts were associated with lower self-rated health, higher burnout, and higher sickness absence, while emotional demands were associated with higher burnout. CONCLUSIONS Nursing professionals' job resources are deficient in public healthcare units. Job resources are associated with positive health outcomes, whereas job demands are associated with negative health outcomes, among nursing professionals. Strengthening job resources among nursing professionals in the private and public healthcare sectors can promote and sustain their work-related health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dip Raj Thapa
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive, Perinatal and Sexual Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Box 1026, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Stengård
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Ekström-Bergström
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive, Perinatal and Sexual Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Gustava Melins gata 2, 461 32, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Kristina Areskoug Josefsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Box 1026, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, PO Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Vågsgaten 40, 4306, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Alexandra Krettek
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 400, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050, 9037, Langnes, Norway
| | - Anna Nyberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
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Xu J, Stark AT. A conceptual model of nurses' workplace social capital: a theory synthesis. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:148. [PMID: 34404398 PMCID: PMC8369697 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has confirmed the importance of workplace social capital in the nursing workforce. Integration of the empirical evidence about nurses' workplace social capital into a scientific collection can provide a comprehensive presentation of this concept. This scientific collection can be a conduit for further research and advancement of nursing management and leadership. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the process of developing a conceptual model of nurses' workplace social capital, an effective and concise approach to illustrate a scientific phenomenon. METHODS The model of nurses' workplace social capital was developed following Walker and Avant's strategy of theory synthesis. Empirical evidence relevant to nurses' workplace social capital was synthesized by systematically examining the existing literature. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched periodically from October 2017 to July 2020. RESULTS Our proposed conceptual model lays out the determinants and outcomes of nurses' workplace social capital and specifies the relational statements among these concepts. Nurses' workplace social capital is influenced by the organizational and individual determinants shaped by multiple layers of sub-concepts. The development and implementation of nurses' workplace social capital has three themes of consequences: 1) nurses' outcomes; 2) patients' outcomes; and 3) organizational outcomes. All the concepts and statements have been organized and aligned with the principles of "inventory of determinants or results" and "theoretical blocks". CONCLUSION Our theoretical synthesis offers a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge of nurses' workplace social capital. Efforts should be dedicated to evaluating, revising, and revamping this newly developed model based on future empirical evidence. Our synthesized conceptual model is the segue to more comprehensive studies about nurses' workplace social capital. Interventional programs for the development of social capital can be structured based on the identified determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, China.
| | - Azadeh T Stark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Gholami Motlagh F, Nobahar M, Raiesdana N. The relationship of moral intelligence and social capital with job satisfaction among nurses working in the emergency department. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 52:100911. [PMID: 32827936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nurses' job satisfaction has a direct impact on the quality of their performance, especially in the emergency department, which is a showcase of care in hospitals, since, nurses' moral performance is greatly affected by moral intelligence, Adherence to ethics by nurses, underlies the social capital of the organization. METHODS The present study was a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study. 99 nurses working in the emergency department of medical educational centers in Semnan, Iran, were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires: demographic information, job satisfaction, moral intelligence and social capital of nurses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics in SPSS software. All P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of job satisfaction, moral intelligence, and social capital scores were 51.24 ± 12.03, 148.48 ± 19.05, and 43.45 ± 7.28, respectively. Job satisfaction did not have a significant relationship with moral intelligence and its domains, but it had a significant relationship with social capital and its domains (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Due to the significant relationship between job satisfaction and social capital, Nurses' satisfaction and attitude toward the job can be improved by creating a context for progress and self-actualization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monir Nobahar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Nayyereh Raiesdana
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Norikoshi K, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi K, Oriyama S. Development of a relational workplace social capital scale for Japanese nurses. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:40. [PMID: 32787774 PMCID: PMC7424667 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nurses' workplace social capital for a healthy work environment has received considerable attention, few scales about nurses' workplace social capital are based on the attributes of clinical settings in Japan. This study aims to develop a Relational Workplace Social Capital Scale for Japanese Nurses (RWSCS-JN), which includes bonding, linking, and bridging social capital and assessing its reliability and validity. METHODS We assessed its reliability and validity using questionnaire survey data collected from 309 nurses in the first survey and 105 nurses in the second survey in four hospitals in Japan. First, we determined the number of factors and items for the RWSCS-JN through the parallel and factor analyses after conducting the item analysis. Then, we confirmed the omega coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the RWSCS-JN. Finally, we examined the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN score and other variables, including an existing measurement of workplace social capital, work engagement, and turnover intention. RESULTS The newly developed RWSCS-JN contained 15 items, comprising three factors as follows: bonding social capital, linking social capital, and bridging social capital. The omega coefficient and the ICC of the RWSCS-JN were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN and the existing scale of the workplace social capital was 0.88 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN and work engagement was 0.36 (p < 0.01) and that of the RWSCS-JN and turnover intention was - 0.40 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the RWSCS-JN could be sufficiently useful for a healthy work environment in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Norikoshi
- Faculty of Nursing, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan. .,Doctoral Program in Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ishii Memorial Hospital, 3-102-1, Tada, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, 741-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Research and Education Faculty, Medical Sciences Cluster, Nursing Science Unit, Kochi University, Okocyokohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Sanae Oriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Xu J, Kunaviktikul W, Akkadechanunt T, Nantsupawat A, Stark AT. A contemporary understanding of nurses' workplace social capital: A response to the rapid changes in the nursing workforce. J Nurs Manag 2020; 28:247-258. [PMID: 31793081 PMCID: PMC7328727 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide an updated definition of the concept of nurses' workplace social capital that addresses changes in the contemporary nursing workforce. BACKGROUND Social capital explains the components of a constructive work environment. Advancements in psychology of workplace and changes in the demographic structure of nursing workforce call for a revised version of nurses' workplace social capital. METHOD Walker and Avant's approach was implemented. Data were compiled from 'Medline' and 'CINAHL', 'Google' search engine, book chapters and expertise of nursing academicians. RESULTS Nurses' workplace social capital is a relational network that is configured by interactions among healthcare professionals. Although, various attributes influence these interactions, Relational Network, Trust, Shared Understanding, Reciprocity and Social Cohesion are considered as the major attributes. A healthy relational network creates a healthy workplace which can be further fortified by effective communication, active group engagements and a supportive leadership. CONCLUSIONS Results of our concept analysis should establish a theoretical groundwork for nurse leaders to better build and more effectively lead the contemporary nursing workforce. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Leaders' dedication to workplace social capital is the tenet of a constructive workplace, which in return can support nurses to flourish in their clinical and the other professional responsibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- Faculty of NursingChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- School of NursingLishui UniversityLishuiChina
| | | | | | | | - Azadeh T Stark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMIUSA
- School of Interdisciplinary StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
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Tsuruta K, Shiomitsu T, Hombu A, Fujii Y. Relationship between social capital and happiness in a Japanese community: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 21:245-252. [PMID: 30592119 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of social capital on happiness is attracting attention around the world. Many studies that investigated the relationship between social capital and happiness suggest that happiness correlates to a positive social environment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social capital and happiness in a community with the lowest National Health Insurance expenditures in Miyazaki Prefecture (Japan). This cross-sectional study targeted 2730 residents in the community aged 40-75 years who were covered by National Health Insurance in 2015. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions focusing on demographic characteristics, happiness, and social capital was sent to the residents, and 1106 of them (40.5%) returned the questionnaires by the deadline. The analysis of responses indicated a positive relationship between social capital and happiness with regard to all three factors of social capital (trust, connections and interaction, and social participation). Evaluating the relationship between social capital and health in terms of happiness is important to creating a lively society in which citizens support one another, in addition to promoting physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Tsuruta
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiomitsu
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Makuhari Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amy Hombu
- Department of English, Language Education Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujii
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Gao J, Wang J, Yu D, Dai J, Zhu Y, Fu H. Associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital: a multilevel analysis study in a Chinese context. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:976. [PMID: 30081887 PMCID: PMC6090743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the determinants of social capital is the prerequisite to building social capital. However there was few studies to explore factors related to workplace social capital. We aim to examine associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital in a Chinese context through a cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China from December 2016 through March 2017. In total, 2380 workers from 32 workplaces were randomly sampled by a two-stage sampling procedure. Workplace social capital (WSC), psychosocial work environments (PWEs), and workplace Chinese Confucian values (CCVs), were assessed using validated and psychometrically tested measures. Multilevel ordinal regression models were used to examine the associations of WSC with individual- and workplace-level PWEs and workplace CCVs after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS After controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics, all individual-level PWEs (unstandardized coefficients [B] ranging from 0.280 to 2.467) were positively associated with WSC. Individual-level workplace CCVs had mixed associations with WSC-high individual levels of respect for authorities (B: 0.325; 95%CI: 0.134, 0.516) and altruism (B: 0.347; 95%CI: 0.155, 0.539) were associated with high WSC, while high individual levels of acceptance of authorities (B: - 0.214; 95%CI: - 0.381, - 0.046) and the mianzi rule (B: - 0.258; 95%CI: - 0.435, - 0.080) were associatecd with low WSC. No workplace-level variable was associated with WSC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that workplace social capital associates with multiple factors. Psychosocial work environments and cultural context are important in understanding variations in workplace social capital between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Denglai Yu
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Junming Dai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongkai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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