1
|
Li L, Xu L, Jia G, Zhou X, Tang X, Zhao H, Ma Y, Ma P, Chen J. Diabetes specialist nurses' knowledge, skills, and personal attributes for providing competent health education practice, and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional survey. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 141:106298. [PMID: 39042983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of diabetes specialist nurse as well as their knowledge and skills have increased in Gansu Province since 2017. However, China has not fully addressed how to improve their professional skills to deliver effective health education. AIMS To investigate the knowledge, skills, and personal attributes of competent health education practices among diabetes specialist nurses in Gansu Province, western China, and the potential influencing factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS In total, 178 diabetes specialist nurses from 45 hospitals participated in this study. Data were collected between December 2022 and April 2023 using the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument (I-CepSE) and a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including univariate and multiple linear regression analyses, were used to analyze data. RESULTS The mean scores of overall I-CepSE, knowledge, skills, and personal attributes were 218.77 ± 31.65, 77.80 ± 18.27, 103.95 ± 13.75 and 37.02 ± 4.73, respectively. A shortage of nursing staff and heavy workload (81.4 %), lack of cooperation from patients (56.5 %), lack of access to educational resources during work placement (54.2 %), and nurses' lack of knowledge/skills in health education (53.1 %) were common barriers to health education implementation. The regression models for the overall health education competence domain were significant (P < 0.001) with R2 values ranging from 31.9 % to 50.5 %. Education level and years of experience in diabetes-related care were found to be significant on all knowledge, skills, and personal attitude scales (P < 0.05), and age was associated with diabetes specialist nurses' skills and personal attitude scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetes specialist nurses demonstrated moderate to high levels of health education knowledge, skills, and attitudes. However, they lacked knowledge of pedagogical techniques and resources, with inadequate educational skills. This study suggests that reasonable nursing human resource allocation and continuous education and training are crucial for improving health education competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Li
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, No. 28 Yanxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Burns, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Guangping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Gansu Province Hospital, No. 204 Cuiyingmen, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Burns, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, No. 28 Yanxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, No. 28 Yanxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Peifen Ma
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, No. 28 Yanxi Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Graham ID, Hu J, Lewis KB, Gifford W. Nurse managers' perceptions of the prospective acceptability of an implementation leadership training programme: A qualitative descriptive study. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:3721-3733. [PMID: 38186229 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the prospective acceptability of an implementation leadership training programme prototype for nurse managers in China to implement evidence-based practices, from the perspectives of potential programme participants and deliverers. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Spring 2022 at three tertiary hospitals in Hunan, China. METHODS We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with unit-level nurse managers (n = 14), including 12 potential participants, and two potential deliverers that have been involved in developing the programme prototype. Interview questions and thematic analysis were guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. RESULTS After reviewing the programme content, potential participants and deliverers reported that unit nurse managers would benefit from engaging in the programme, acknowledging that the programme fit with professional nursing values for implementing research evidence. They expressed positive views about being involved in producing academic papers through the training process, and interactive multi-modal training activities such as group work, experience-sharing and coaching. Seven participants were not very confident about being fully engaged in the training, as they could not navigate the English research literature. Both participants and deliverers highlighted factors that would influence their participation, including time constraints, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and support from senior organizational leadership. CONCLUSIONS The training programme prototype was perceived to be useful and acceptable. The multimodal training activities were considered a strength and managers expressed an interest in writing academic papers about their implementation processes. Support from senior hospital leaders and programme deliverers was identified as critical to the training programme's success. IMPACT The study helps understand nurse managers' perceptions and concerns of participating in an implementation leadership training programme and could inform the development and refinement of similar programmes in various nursing contexts globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Krystina B Lewis
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Gifford
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Graham ID, Hu J, Lewis KB, Zhao J, Gifford W. Development of a training program prototype to enhance implementation leadership competencies and behaviours of Chinese unit nurse managers: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:359. [PMID: 38816867 PMCID: PMC11137952 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unit nurse managers hold essential positions that can facilitate implementation of evidence-based practice. Studies showed that nurse managers in China lacked competencies and behaviours necessary to lead evidence-based practice implementation. The aim of the current study was to develop a context-fit training program prototype to enhance leadership competencies and behaviours regarding evidence-based practice implementation of Chinese unit nurse managers. METHOD We used a descriptive qualitative study design and followed the integrated knowledge translation approach to co-develop the prototype in a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China. Seven nurse managers from the participated hospital and a researcher co-developed the prototype based on the Ottawa Model of Implementation Leadership (O-MILe). The development process encompassed four phases from November 2021 to March 2022 that involved group discussions (n = 4) and individual interviews (n = 21). All data were analysed by two independent researchers using the thematic analysis method. RESULTS Managers agreed that all O-MILe behaviours were important to evidence-based practice implementation, and only minor modifications were needed for clarification and adaptation. The actions managers identified that could operationalize the leadership behaviours were related to current clinical practices, evidence-based practice, nurses, patients, interprofessional staff members, incentives and resources, organization and external entities. Three types of general competencies related to evidence-based practice, professional nursing, and implementation leadership were identified. Multimodal activities such as lectures, experience sharing, group discussions, plan development and coaching were suggested to deliver the training program. CONCLUSIONS All O-MILe leadership behaviours were perceived as essential for unit nurse managers to lead EBP implementation in the hospital context in China. We identified the leadership actions and the competencies required for nursing managers to implement EBP in China. Further studies are required to evaluate the acceptability and impact of this prototype. Further studies with large sample sizes across various clinical settings are needed to facilitate the generalization of the findings and gain an in-depth understanding of the program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Krystina B Lewis
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Gifford
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi QF, Yan J, Hui H, Yang Y. Nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of e-internships during the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273963. [PMID: 36083868 PMCID: PMC9462558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical internship is an indispensable stage for nursing students to graduate successfully and become qualified nurses. However, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease with strong human-to-human transmission, hit China in late 2019 and forced the Chinese government to suspend classes and clinical internships. To cope with this situation, e-internship, which facilitate varied interactions without the need for direct contact, is used as an alternative strategy to help nursing students continue their internships. Objectives To describe the perceptions and experiences of undergraduate nursing students in e-internships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A descriptive phenomenological design was adopted. Seventeen undergraduate nursing students in a major teaching hospital in Changsha, China, were recruited into the study. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach. Results Four themes were captured from the data analysis: perceived images of clinical nurses in e-internships, psychological experience, perceived benefits of e-internships, and perceived limitations of e-internships. Conclusions Our findings suggest that e-internship is a suitable method for training and cultivating undergraduate nursing students during a crisis. To enhance the efficiency of e-internships, guidelines and standards should be formulated, and effective measures should be taken to build better e-internship platforms. In the future, we suggest combine on-site internships with e-internships, thereby fully using their advantages, and improve the efficiency of internships as much as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Yi
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Huang Hui
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu S, Chen J, Jiang R, Hu H, Hu Z, Gao X, Chen W. Caring ability of nursing students pre- and post-internship: a longitudinal study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:133. [PMID: 35644615 PMCID: PMC9150307 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing students’ internship experiences may significantly impact their caring ability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of undergraduate nursing students' caring ability pre-and post-internship in China. This study aimed to explore the differences in the caring ability of undergraduate nursing students before and after internship. Methods The sample comprised 305 undergraduate nursing students who had undergone internships during 2018–2020 in three hospitals in Changsha, China. Caring Ability Inventory was used to measure and compare nursing students' caring ability before and after internship. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were employed to analyze data in SPSS software (version 22.0). Results A total of 300 students completed the survey (response rate = 98.37%). The overall score of caring ability and scores of cognitive and patience dimensions were higher after internship than before internship (P < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in the courage dimension (P > 0.05). Conclusions Caring ability of undergraduate nursing students in China was at a low level, their overall caring ability significantly improved after the internship, indicating a positive relationship between internship and caring ability. Nursing educators and clinical nurses should emphasize the importance of caring ability development in internship planning and encourage nursing students to engage more with patients. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-00921-2.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu S, Chen W, Hu H, Huang W, Chen J, Hu J. Coaching to develop leadership for healthcare managers: a mixed-method systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:67. [PMID: 35418168 PMCID: PMC9008960 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of interventions have focused on leadership development for healthcare managers, among which coaching is a common strategy. The purpose of the present systematic review is to synthesize evidence on the effect of coaching in developing leadership of healthcare managers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A literature search will be conducted in six English databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Scopus) and four Chinese databases (Wanfang, CNKI, SinoMed, and VIP) from inception to April 1st, 2022. The titles, abstracts, and full texts of the studies will be screened by two independent researchers to determine their eligibility. The RoB 2, ROBINS-I, CASP, and MMAT will be applied to assess the quality of randomized trials, non-randomized studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-method studies, respectively. We will then extract the study characteristics, participant characteristics, and study outcomes of the reviewed papers. The Aims, Ingredients, Mechanism, and Delivery framework will be used to extract the components of coaching strategies. For quantitative data, a meta-analysis will be performed if sufficient data are available; otherwise, we will conduct a narrative synthesis. Thematic synthesis methods will be used for qualitative data analysis. DISCUSSION By conducting this systematic review, we expect to synthesize evidence regarding the components of coaching for leadership development among healthcare managers; the influence of coaching on leadership development among managers at the individual, unit-wide, or organizational level; and how managers view coaching as a leadership development strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020194290 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Centre for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Wenqiu Huang
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Centre for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jia Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 907 Floyd Ave, Richmond, 23284 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi QF, Yan J, Zhang CJ, Yang GL, Huang H, Yang Y. The experience of anxiety among Chinese undergraduate nursing students in the later period of their internships: findings from a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35351129 PMCID: PMC8961083 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinical internships are a critical transition period for nursing students to develop into nursing professionals and are essential for the solidification of their professional attitudes. Undergraduate nursing students face multiple sources of severe anxiety that affect their nursing career development during this period. This study aimed to understand the anxiety experienced by undergraduate nursing students in the later period of their internship periods in a Chinese educational context.
Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. A purposive sample of 17 undergraduate nursing interns with experiences of anxiety was selected from three teaching hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step method for data analysis.
Results
Three themes emerged: the sources of perceived anxiety, the psychological journey of coping with anxiety, and suggestions for nursing management and education. The sub-themes for the first theme included career decision dilemmas, competitive pressures for employment, worries about progress of the graduation projects, challenges of the nursing licensure examination, and low self-confidence in clinical competence. The second theme consisted of two sub-themes: negative avoidance and retreat, and positive preparation and response. The third theme consisted of policy support to create more employment opportunities, comprehensive guidance from nursing schools and hospitals, and psychological assistance and counseling.
Conclusions
This study revealed that undergraduate nursing students were prone to anxiety during the later period of their clinical internships. Specific sources of anxiety encompassed career decision-making, job pursuit, graduation, and licensure examination. Undergraduate nursing students adopted both positive and negative approaches in coping with anxiety during the later period of their clinical internships. Nursing educators and administrators should develop appropriate instructions and support systems to reduce anxiety among undergraduate nursing students.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen W, Hu S, Liu X, Wang N, Zhao J, Liu P, Chen K, Hu J. Intensive care nurses' knowledge and practice of evidence-based recommendations for endotracheal suctioning: a multisite cross-sectional study in Changsha, China. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:186. [PMID: 34607576 PMCID: PMC8488919 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently performed invasive procedures by intensive care nurses. Nurses should have adequate knowledge and skills to perform endotracheal suctioning based on the best evidence. Little is known about intensive care nurses' knowledge and practice of evidence-based endotracheal suctioning in Chinese hospitals. The purpose of this study was to investigate intensive care nurses' knowledge and practice of evidence-based recommendations regarding endotracheal suctioning. Specifically, the study aimed to examine (1) intensive care nurses' awareness of and adherence to endotracheal suctioning guidelines and (2) factors influencing their level of awareness and adherence. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 310 staff nurses working in intensive care units was carried out at Changsha, China. Data on participants' characteristics, awareness of, and adherence to the endotracheal suctioning guidelines were collected through online questionnaires. Following univariate descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed using Software Package Statistical Analysis Version 23.0. RESULTS A total of 281 nurses completed and returned the survey (response rate = 90.6 %). One-half to three-quarters of the nurses knew 21 of the 26 evidence-based practices and believed their practices followed the guidelines. Over half of them were unaware of the difference between open and close suctions and the pros and cons of using hyperinflation. Almost 50 % of nurses believed some of their clinical practices did not follow the evidence-based recommendations, such as not routinely using normal saline and using 80-120 mmHg suction pressure during endotracheal suctioning. Nurses with endotracheal suctioning training demonstrated significantly higher awareness of endotracheal suctioning recommendations and higher adherence levels than untrained nurses. CONCLUSIONS The study findings revealed that Chinese intensive care nurses lacked awareness of several essential evidence-based endotracheal suctioning practices, and there were gaps between their current practice and the guideline recommendations. Further research should emphasize revealing barriers and facilitators of implementing evidence-based endotracheal suctioning practices as well as developing context-suitable interventions for guideline implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. .,Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Hunan, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Nursing, Changsha Medical University, Hunan, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Operating Room, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nina Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.,Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery ICU, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixia Chen
- Paediatric Unit, Meitan Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, Richmond, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Growth and challenges of China's nursing workforce from 1998 to 2018: A retrospective data analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 124:104084. [PMID: 34551370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play a vitally important role in promoting equitable and essential care. China undertook bold reforms in its education and healthcare systems since 1990s. The effect of these reforms on the nursing workforce has not been assessed systematically. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the changing trends and the underlying challenges of the nursing workforce in Mainland China in the period of 1998-2018. DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. METHODS Data were acquired from the National Health Statistics Yearbook from 1999 to 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the nature of the nursing workforce in terms of quantity, quality, and structure. Non-parametric tests were used to compare doctors and nurses in terms of number and work experiences. Global Moran's I index and hotspot analysis were applied to compare the equity in distribution of nurses at national and provincial levels. RESULTS From 1998 to 2018, the number of nurses increased from 1.22 to 4.10 million with an average rate of increase of 6.3% per annum. The ratio of doctors to nurses changed from 1: 0.61 to 1: 1.14, reaching 1: 1 in 2013. The main educational level of registered nurses elevated to associated degree (48.9%), and nurses with advanced titles increased at the most rapid rate. In 2018, 60.3% of nurses were younger than 35 years old. The Global Moran's I index ranged from 0.211 to 0.198 (Z > 1.96, P < 0.05). Hotspot analysis showed the distribution of nurses was unequally concentrated in the northern region and with the highest distribution in Beijing. CONCLUSIONS Great improvement on the scale and the quality of nursing workforce over the past 20 years has been witnessed in China. However, the shortage of nurses, outflow of younger nurses and the imbalance distribution of nursing workforce among the country are emerging challenges. Plans should not be ignored on continuously cultivating more qualified nurses, retaining younger nurses, attracting nurses to work in rural areas and the northeast region. Tweetable abstract: Numbers of Chinese nurses finally outstrip the number of doctors but do limited educational opportunities limits their contribution to the nation's health? New article in @ijnsjournal.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nurmeksela A, Mikkonen S, Kinnunen J, Kvist T. Relationships between nurse managers' work activities, nurses' job satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and medication errors at the unit level: a correlational study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:296. [PMID: 33794875 PMCID: PMC8017674 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse managers play a critical role in enhancing nursing and patient outcomes. The work of nurse managers, who can be described as middle-managers at health care organizations, is complex and changes on a daily basis. Only a few studies have clarified how nurse managers divide their time across various work activities. This study aimed to describe the relationships between nurse managers' work activities, nurses' job satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and medication errors at the hospital unit level. METHODS A cross-sectional and correlational study design was used. The data were collected from nurse managers (n = 29), nursing staff (n = 306), and patients (n = 651) from 28 units across three Finnish acute care hospitals between April and November 2017. In addition, data concerning medication errors (n = 468) over one calendar year (2017) were acquired from the hospitals' incident reporting register. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to estimate relationships between data from subareas of Nurse Managers' Work Content Questionnaire, Kuopio University Hospital Job Satisfaction Scale, and Revised Humane Caring Scale, along with medication error reports. A significance level of 95% was applied when estimating the covariances between variables. Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) were used to explain the relationships between variables. RESULTS Multiple relationships between nurse managers' work activities, nurses' job satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and medication errors were identified. Nurse managers' work activities had both positive and negative relationships on the other studied variables. The Requiring factors of work (p < .001) subarea of nurses' job satisfaction, total patient satisfaction (p < .001), and medication errors (p < .001) were identified as the variables most significantly affected by other factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that nurse managers should focus on improving nursing practices by managing and organizing nurses' work in a way that makes their employees feel supported, motivated and secure. Furthermore, nurse managers should adopt a leadership style that emphasizes safe and patient-centered care. The results also suggest that the administration of today's health care organizations should actively evaluate nurse managers' share of work activities to ensure that their daily work is in line with the organizational goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Nurmeksela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, University Teacher, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Kinnunen
- Central Finland Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tarja Kvist
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao J, Li X, Yan L, Yu Y, Hu J, Li SA, Chen W. The use of theories, frameworks, or models in knowledge translation studies in healthcare settings in China: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33413662 PMCID: PMC7792291 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge translation (KT) theories, frameworks, and models (TFMs) can help guide and explain KT processes, and facilitate the evaluation of implementation outcomes. They play a critical role in conducting KT research and practice. Currently, little is known about the usage of TFMs in KT in Chinese healthcare settings. The aim of this scoping review is to identify which TFMs had been used for KT in healthcare settings in China, and how these TFMs were used. METHODS The protocol for this scoping review is in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and further enhanced by the recommendations suggested by Levac et al. We will search 8 databases (4 Chinese and 4 English) to identify relevant studies. Four reviewers (2 for Chinese, 2 for English) will independently screen studies based on the eligibility criteria. The basic characteristic of studies and the TFMs utilization (i.e., what, why, and how) will be extracted. Methodological quality and reporting quality will be assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) (or Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence, SQUIRE 2.0 for quality improvement studies), respectively. All the retrieved TFMs will be categorized into Nilsen's classifications of TFMs for KT research. We will employ the qualitative content analysis approach to summarize how these TFMs have been used, and the rationale. A consultation will be conducted through a 1-h interactive virtual meeting with an expert panel of knowledge users. DISCUSSION By conducting this scoping review, we expect to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of why and how TFMs have been used in KT research and practice in China, and to identify gaps and provide recommendations for more efficient and meaningful use of TFMs in the future. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This review has been registered with the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/8NXAM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Xuejing Li
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collaborating Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Best Practice Spotlight Organization, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Yan
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collaborating Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Best Practice Spotlight Organization, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia USA
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|