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Fang ZY, Yang Y, Yao Y, Liu SS, Liu LK, Lu SJ, Zeng H, Cai B, Xu LL. Oral behaviors and anxiety are significant predictors of jaw function limitation in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 166:106033. [PMID: 38986191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe jaw function characteristics in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) using the jaw function limitation scale (JFLS), and to investigate the effects of biopsychosocial risk factors on limited jaw function. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study of 636 patients with ADDWoR (females, 568; males, 68), we used the JFLS to assess jaw function. Behavioral, psychological, sociodemographic, and biomedical data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors affecting limited jaw function. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive effect of these risk factors. RESULTS ADDWoR-associated limitations included restricted jaw mobility and mastication, which exceeded median global functional limitations scale scores, especially mouth opening to bite an apple and chewing tough food. Females had greater limitations in jaw mobility, verbal and emotional communication, and overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis findings indicated that oral behaviors, anxiety, sex, pain intensity, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) were predictive of limited jaw function (area under the curve, 72 %). CONCLUSION Patients with ADDWoR reported mastication and jaw mobility restrictions, with females having more pronounced limitations, and specific risk factors identified as significant predictors of jaw function limitations. Along with pain relief and improvement in MMO, appropriate psychological counseling and oral behavioral correction facilitates recovery of jaw function in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Kun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Ji Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Lu S, Cai B, Liu L, Liu S, Xu L. Inter-examiner reliability of the Chinese version of Axis I diagnoses of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Cranio 2024; 42:513-518. [PMID: 35061572 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.2015087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of the Chinese version of the Axis I diagnoses of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and to compare the consistency between clinical diagnoses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Sixty-seven individuals were evaluated by three TMD specialists, and 49 underwent MRI examination. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to evaluate the inter-examiner reliability and the consistency between clinical diagnoses and MRI manifestations. RESULTS Diagnostic agreement was good to excellent for pain and disc displacement with or without reduction (κ = 0.659-1.000). Agreement between clinical diagnoses and MRI findings was fair to good (κ = 0.400). CONCLUSION Inter-examiner diagnostic reliability using the Chinese version of the DC/TMD Axis I instruments was excellent, especially for arthrogenic TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenji Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yıldız NT, Alkan A, Külünkoğlu BA. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Cranio 2024; 42:160-170. [PMID: 34789075 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.2004715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ-TR). METHODS Included in this study were 248 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) according to Diagnostic Criteria for TMD Axis I protocol. Construct-related validity was evaluated through internal and external construct validity; convergent and divergent validities were evaluated by the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and bivariate correlations between factors. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. RESULTS All items of the MFIQ-TR had content validity and factor loadings above 0.5. The model statistics indicated a good fit. The convergent validity was very good (AVE > 0.5 and CR > 0.7), and the discriminant validity was satisfied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MFIQ-TR were excellent. CONCLUSION The MFIQ-TR is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the impairment of mandibular function in Turkish patients with TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazım Tolgahan Yıldız
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afra Alkan
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Anaforoğlu Külünkoğlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Feng Y, Ou-Yang ZY, Lu JJ, Yang YF, Zhang Q, Zhong MM, Chen NX, Su XL, Hu J, Ye Q, Zhao J, Zhao YQ, Chen Y, Tan L, Liu Q, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Mainland Chinese version of the manchester orofacial pain disability scale (MOPDS) among college students. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:159. [PMID: 37415131 PMCID: PMC10324202 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial pain (OFP) is a highly prevalent disorder in mainland China that predisposes to an associated physical and psychological disability. There is lack of a good properties mainland Chinese version of instrument to examine OFP. This study aims to cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate psychometrics properties of the Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale (MOPDS) in mainland Chinese Mandarin context. METHODS Translation and cross-cultural adaption of the mainland Chinese version MOPDS were conducted following accepted guidelines of self-report measures. Chinese college students (N = 1039) completed the mainland Chinese version of the MOPDS for item analysis, reliability and validity tests, and measurement invariance analysis, and after a one-month interval, around 10% of the sample (n = 110) were invited to retest. To conduct the CFA and measurement invariance analysis, Mplus 8.4 was used. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software were used for all additional studies. RESULTS We found that the mainland Chinese version of MOPDS contains 25 items, divided into two categories: physical disability and psychological disability. The scale demonstrated excellent internal reliability, test-retest reliability, and validity. The measurement invariance results proved that the scale could be applied to people of different gender, age, and health consultation status. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the mainland Chinese version of MOPDS has good psychometric properties and can be used to measure the level of physical and psychological disability of Chinese OFP peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Jing-Jie Lu
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Meng-Mei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ning-Xin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Xiao-Lin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
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Li Z, Liu L, Bai Q, Huang L, Li B, Yang L, Liang T, Sun H, Li D. Evaluation of the effect of T-Scan™ as an adjunct to stabilization splint in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. Cranio 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36094222 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of the stabilization splint (SS) combined with the T-Scan™ III system in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) with myofascial pain. METHODS Forty-eight enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the SS group or T-Scan™-guided SS group. Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), Maximum Comfortable Opening (MCO), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used as the outcome variables. RESULTS The occlusal contacts of patients in the SS plus T-Scan™ group showed lower Occlusal Time (OT), Disocclusion Time (DT), and Asymmetry Index of Occlusal Force (AOF) after occlusal adjustment under the guidance of the T-Scan™. Importantly, the TMD symptoms were alleviated more obviously in SS plus T-Scan™ group, with better scores for MCO and MFIQ. CONCLUSION T-Scan™-guided occlusal adjustment of SS can obtain better OT, DT, and AOF, which furthers improvement of the therapeutic effects on TMD with myofascial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qinzhu Bai
- Department of Radiology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun City, JL, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Baoquan Li
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Further Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1089988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:
The aim of this study is to develop a new Turkish version of MFIQ (MFIQ-T-N) by adding the cut off value and improving the validation to the Turkish version of the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ-T) in patinets with Temporomandibular dysfunction.
Methods: The psychometric properties of the MFIQ were examined in 242 participants diagnosed with TMD and 81 healthy participants. The internal construct validity was assessed with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. External construct validity of the MFIQ-Tr-N was established by The Fonseca Anamnestic index (FAI), The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Predictive validity was examined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to validate the cut-off value of the MFIQ-T-N for diagnosis of TMD. For the determination of reliability internal consistency, test-retest reliability and smallest real difference (SRD95) were investigated.
Results: Factor analysis indicated that the MFIQ-T-N had three factors as masticatory, non-masticatory 1, and 2. The MFIQ-T-N was moderately correlated with the FAI (Spearman’s rho = 0.553, p < .001) and OHIP-14 (rho = 0.534, p < .001). The cut-off point for MFIQ-T-N was set at >5 with 84% sensitivity and 87% specificity. The ICC and Cronbach’s α values were found as 0.913 and 0. 916, respectively. The SRD95 for Test-retest reliability was 7.004.
Conclusions: The MFIQ-T-N had sufficient psychometric features and was appropriate to use for participants with TMD. In addition, this new version provides researchers with greater opportunities to evaluate mandibular functions in the TMD patient group.
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Zhang M, Zhong J, Zhang W, Zhou C, Wang X, Zou W, Wu X, Zhang M. Psychometric properties of a simplified Chinese version of the cancer predisposition perception scale. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2022; 9:179-184. [PMID: 35494092 PMCID: PMC9052838 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer predisposition perception refers to the subjective estimation of the likelihood of being diagnosed with cancer in the future. It affects people's behavior concerning cancer screening and prevention. At present, there is no available tool to evaluate cancer predisposition perception. The aim of this study was to translate the cancer predisposition perception scale into simplified Chinese (C-CPPS), and then test its psychometric properties among Chinese patients. Methods In phase I, the CPPS was translated into Chinese, and validated by an expert panel. In phase II, data on reliability and validity was evaluated in terms of construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlations, with a convenience sample of 208 patients recruited from the colorectal cancer surgical ward. Results The C-CPPS had desirable validity and reliability. The scale-level content validity index was 0.96. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the six-factor structure of the C-CPPS was good fit to the data. Correlation between the C-CPPS and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire was statistically significant. Cronbach's α for the entire scale was 0.90 and 0.71-0.95 for five of the six subscales. Item-total correlations ranged from 0.309 to 0.775, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. Conclusions The C-CPPS appears to be culturally appropriate, reliable, and valid for assessing cancer predisposition perception among patients with colorectal cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiudi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zou
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifen Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements in Temporomandibular Disorders and Headaches: Summary of Measurement Properties and Applicability. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173823. [PMID: 34501273 PMCID: PMC8432093 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) are available in the literature to support the evaluation and diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and headaches. However, clinicians and researchers usually complain that they had no education on PROMs and low overall knowledge about PROMs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to summarize, describing the measurement properties and clinical applicability of the main condition-specific PROMs available in the literature to the assessment of patients with Temporomandibular Disorders and Headaches. METHODS The current manuscript reviewed 10 PROMs commonly used in the field. Four instruments about functioning and disability: 1. Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), 2. Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI), 3. 8-item and 20-item Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), and 4. Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale (MOPDS). Two instruments about headache-related disability: 5. Headache-Related Disability Index (HDI) and 6. Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6). Three instruments focused on TMD and headache screening: 7. 3Q/TMD, 8. Short-Form Anamnestic Fonseca Index (SFAI), 9. Headache Screening Questionnaire. In addition, one instrument about maladaptive beliefs regarding pain and injury: 10. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders (TSK-TMD). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge about the limitations and applicability of the PROMs commonly used to assess TMDs and Headaches can help clinicians and researchers to obtain reliable and valid outcomes to support the decision-making process. The current review recognizes the importance of using patient-reported outcome measures in research and clinical practice. However, our findings call the attention that further studies on the measurement properties of such instruments are imperative.
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Xu L, He Y, Fan S, Cai B, Fang Z, Dai K. Validation of a Chinese version of the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale in relation to the diagnostic subgroup of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47:1-8. [PMID: 31378989 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oro-facial function is usually impaired by temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Several studies on TMDs have used the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) to assess mandibular dysfunction. However, it was originally created in English and hence needs to be validated for use among Chinese people. OBJECTIVE To develop a Chinese version of the JFLS for Chinese TMD patients and to investigate the validity and reliability of the scale. METHODS Content validity and temporal stability were evaluated at two different occasions. The reliability and validity of the JFLS were tested in 483 TMD patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used to assess internal consistency, while the validity was evaluated by factor analysis. RESULTS Three factors were extracted during exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 62.39% of the variance. The three-factor model was then measured using confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 /df = 3.6, root mean square error of approximation = 0.091, comparative fit index = 0.896). Internal (coefficient alpha values of .906 for all items and Guttman split-half reliability of 0.756) and test-retest (intra-class correlation coefficient = .851-.897, 95% confidence interval = 0.656-0.950) reliabilities were excellent. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the JFLS is reliable and valid for use in Chinese TMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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