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Sato K, Hayashi K, Oka K, Morishita S, Kurita K, Ishii K, Negishi S. Efficacy of hard gummy candy chewing in improving masticatory function in Japanese children aged 6-12 years: a clinical trial. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00142-7. [PMID: 38942192 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Japanese children have been shown to exhibit decreased masticatory function; however, limited evidence is available regarding the efficacy of certain food items in improving this issue. Therefore, this study examined the effects of chewing hard gummy candy on the masticatory function of Japanese children aged 6-12 years. METHODS The study included 26 participants (10 boys and 16 girls; mean age ± standard error = 9.3 ± 0.3 years) who were asked to chew hard gummy candy twice daily for 4 weeks at home. The lip-closing force, occlusal force, and masticatory performance of the participants were recorded before commencement (T1), 4 weeks after commencement (T2), and 4 weeks after completion (T3) of the training. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS No correlation was observed between masticatory function and sex at T1. The lip-closing and right occlusal forces increased significantly after 4 weeks of exercise, and the effects persisted for another 4 weeks after completion. The masticatory performance also improved after training, although these effects did not persist and deteriorated substantially 4 weeks after completion of the training. CONCLUSIONS Habitual mastication training using hard gummy candy markedly enhances masticatory function (e.g., lip-closing force, occlusal force, and masticatory performance) in Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Sato
- Advanced Oral Health Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kaichi Hayashi
- Advanced Oral Health Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kengo Oka
- Advanced Oral Health Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Satoru Morishita
- Advanced Oral Health Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan.
| | - Kei Kurita
- Advanced Oral Health Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Negishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
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Horyacheva A, Boyce K, Badesha M, Kerr C, Najeeb H, Namasivayam-MacDonald A. Identifying Non-Traditional Approaches to Swallowing Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. Dysphagia 2024; 39:321-347. [PMID: 37853297 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, dysphagia care has shifted toward a more patient-centered approach. This means that dysphagia clinicians are considering more factors in the treatment process including the goals of care, quality of life, and cultural values. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine relevant research and identify dysphagia interventions outside of those traditionally used by dysphagia clinicians that may improve swallowing function. A review of relevant studies was conducted using search terms related to swallowing and treatment. The search yielded 8439 unique studies. Of the 283 articles that underwent a full-text review, 37 articles were included in the final review. These articles highlighted three potential areas of non-traditional dysphagia intervention that may serve to provide holistic care, while also aiming to improve swallowing mechanisms: acupuncture and Eastern medicine interventions, vocal exercises, and physical function exercises. The results suggest that dysphagia clinicians should work collaboratively with other allied health professionals and consider non-traditional approaches to dysphagia care. Through the identification of potentially effective but non-traditional or non-Eurocentric interventions for dysphagia care, clinicians may promote a culturally relevant, patient-centered approach, in turn increasing patient acceptance of treatment plans and compliance. Future research should explore the efficacy and feasibility of these interventions in dysphagia rehabilitation, as well as their effectiveness compared to more traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Horyacheva
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Keara Boyce
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maneetpal Badesha
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Hiba Najeeb
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- St. Mary's General Hospital, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwini Namasivayam-MacDonald
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, IAHS 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Kashiwazaki K, Komagamine Y, Uehara Y, Yamamoto M, Nakai H, Bui NHT, Liu H, Namano S, Tonprasong W, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Effect of gum-chewing exercise on maintaining and improving oral function in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1021-1027. [PMID: 38618096 PMCID: PMC11010614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gum chewing has been found to improve oral function. Nevertheless, few randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of gum-chewing exercises on oral function in older adults. This study aimed to examine the effect of gum-chewing exercises on oral function in older adults. Materials and methods This was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial, conducted from November 2021 to January 2022. A total of 130 participants were divided randomly into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was told to chew experimental gums for one month, while the control group was instructed to chew experimental tablets for one month. Maximum bite force, occlusal contact areas, oral dryness, tongue pressure, tongue and lip functions (number of times each of the following syllables is pronounced per second:/pa/,/ta/, and/ka/), masticatory function, subjective masticatory function, and gum-chewing time were measured at baseline and one month following intervention to assess outcomes. Results One month following the intervention, tongue pressure was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.027). In the within-group comparisons, maximum bite force (P < 0.001), unstimulated saliva flow (P < 0.001), tongue and lip functions (/pa/: P < 0.001;/ta/: P < 0.001;/ka/: P < 0.001), color scale value (P = 0.019), and ΔE value (P = 0.024) were significantly increased in the intervention group. Conclusion The results suggest that gum-chewing exercises can improve oral functions in older adults, although additional increases in masticatory load may be necessary to establish a more effective oral function training method using gum-chewing exercises in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kashiwazaki
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Uehara
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Yamamoto
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakai
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ngoc Huyen Trang Bui
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hengyi Liu
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishii Y, Iida T, Honda-Sakaki M, Yoshida K, Svensson P, Komiyama O. Comparison of masticatory muscle activity between young adults and elderly participants using a novel standardized bite device. J Dent 2024; 143:104887. [PMID: 38360395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standardized bite training is required to prevent oral hypofunction in elderly individuals. We aimed to compare masticatory muscle activity between 24 young adults and 16 pre-elderly individuals during a biting task using a novel standardized bite device (BD). METHODS The BD was made of silicone rubber and included a high-force or low-force plate spring or no plate spring (dummy). The compressive stiffness of the material in each BD was measured using a texture analyzer. All participants performed a biting task 50-times at a rate of 1/s each using the three types of BDs on the right first molar. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded bilaterally from the masseter and temporalis muscles. The variability of each biting training session was calculated as the coefficient of variance (CV) from the EMG activity during each biting task for each muscle. Masticatory muscle fatigue was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS). RESULTS Compressive stiffness was significantly different between each BD (P < 0.001). The CV and NRS scores were not significantly different between the groups. The EMG activities during each bite task in all muscles were not significantly different for any measurement item between the age groups. The EMG activities of high- and low-force BDs in the right temporalis (ipsilateral) muscle were significantly higher than those of the dummy BD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compressive stiffness of the BD affected EMG activity only in the ipsilateral temporalis muscle, but not in the masseter or contralateral temporalis muscles, without any age effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishii
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan; Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
| | - Mika Honda-Sakaki
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan; Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Dentistry, Malmø University, Sweden
| | - Osamu Komiyama
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Kashiwazaki K, Komagamine Y, Shanglin W, Ren X, Hayashi N, Nakayama M, Namano S, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Improvements in Maximum Bite Force with Gum-Chewing Training in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6534. [PMID: 37892673 PMCID: PMC10607538 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
No specific methods have been officially proposed for the prevention and improvement of oral hypofunction. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to develop a gum-chewing training program and determine its effects in older adults. A total of 218 older adults, aged 65-85 years, were randomly allocated to the intervention or control groups. The intervention group chewed the experimental gum daily, whereas the control group consumed the experimental granular food daily. The outcome assessments measured the maximum bite force, occlusal contact areas, oral dryness, tongue pressure, tongue and lip functions, masticatory function, and gum-chewing time. The measured values for each outcome were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and within groups pre- and post-intervention using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A total of 211 participants completed the study. After 2 months, the intervention group had a significantly higher maximum bite force than the control group (p = 0.01), indicating that gum-chewing training improved maximum bite force in older adults. This was determined using one type of bite force measuring device. Therefore, it is suggested that gum-chewing training has a high potential to improve oral hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kashiwazaki
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Wu Shanglin
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Nanaka Hayashi
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Mirai Nakayama
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
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Effect of masticatory training using confectioneries on oral function in elderly patients – A randomized controlled trial. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1480-1486. [PMID: 36299304 PMCID: PMC9588806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Materials and methods Results Conclusion
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