1
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Ou X, Tan Y, Xie J, Yuan J, Deng X, Shao R, Song C, Cao X, Xie X, He R, Li Y, Tang H. Methylation of GPRC5A promotes liver metastasis and docetaxel resistance through activating mTOR signaling pathway in triple negative breast cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101063. [PMID: 38335844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of G Protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) in docetaxel-resistance and liver metastasis of breast cancer. METHODS Single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatic analysis are used to screen relevant genes in breast cancer metastatic hepatic specimens. MeRIP, dual-luciferase analysis and bioinformation were used to detect m6A modulation. Mass spectrometry (MS), co-inmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and immunofluorescence colocalization were executed to explore the mechanism of GPRC5A in breast cancer cells. RESULT GPRC5A was upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and was associated with a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that knockdown of GPRC5A alleviated metastasis and resistance to docetaxel in TNBC. Overexpression of GPRC5A had the opposite effects. The m6A methylation of GPRC5A mRNA was modulated by METTL3 and YTHDF1, which facilitates its translation. GPRC5A inhibited the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of LAMTOR1, resulting in the recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes and activating the mTORC1/p70s6k signaling pathway. CONCLUSION METTL3/YTHDF1 axis up-regulates GPRC5A expression by m6A methylation. GPRC5A activates mTORC1/p70s6k signaling pathway by recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes, consequently promotes docetaxel-resistance and liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yeru Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jindong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ruonan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongfang He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yuehua Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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2
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Iglesias González PA, Valdivieso ÁG, Santa-Coloma TA. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A-a phorbol ester and retinoic acid-induced orphan receptor with roles in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:465-480. [PMID: 37467514 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
GPRC5A is the first member of a new class of orphan receptors coupled to G proteins, which also includes GPRC5B, GPRC5C, and GPRC5D. Since its cloning and identification in the 1990s, substantial progress has been made in understanding the possible functions of this receptor. GPRC5A has been implicated in a variety of cellular events, such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, and survival. It appears to be a central player in different pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. The levels of GPRC5A expression differ depending on the type of cancer, with increased expression in colon, pancreas, and prostate cancers; decreased expression in lung cancer; and varied results in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the early discovery of GPRC5A as a phorbol ester-induced gene and later as a retinoic acid-induced gene, its regulation, and its participation in important canonical pathways related to numerous types of tumors and inflammatory processes. GPRC5A represents a potential new target for cancer, inflammation, and immunity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Iglesias González
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
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3
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Melling N, Reeh M, Ghadban T, Tachezy M, Hajek A, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. RAI3 expression is not associated with clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04631-3. [PMID: 36781501 PMCID: PMC10356878 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested as prognostic biomarker in several cancer types. The present study aimed to examine the role of RAI3 expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). METHODS RAI3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) sections from a retrospective cohort of more than 600 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features and follow-up data. RESULTS While membranous RAI3 immunostaining was always strong in benign lung, strong RAI3 staining was only detectable in 14.7% of 530 interpretable NSCLCs. Within NSCLC subtypes, immunostaining intensity for RAI3 was significantly decreased in large cell lung cancers (LCLCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs) relative to lung adenocarcinomas (LUACs) (P < 0.0001 each). However, RAI3 staining was neither associated with pathological features of NSCLCs nor with survival of patients (P = 0.6915). CONCLUSION Our study shows that RAI3 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients and cannot be considered as prognostic marker in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tarik Ghadban
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Song H, Ye X, Liao Y, Zhang S, Xu D, Zhong S, Jing B, Wang T, Sun B, Xu J, Guo W, Li K, Hu M, Kuang Y, Ling J, Zhang T, Wu Y, Du J, Yao F, Chin YE, Wang Q, Zhou BP, Deng J. NF-κB represses retinoic acid receptor-mediated GPRC5A transactivation in lung epithelial cells to promote neoplasia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:153976. [PMID: 36413416 PMCID: PMC9870083 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with lung tumorigenesis, in which NF-κB-mediated epigenetic regulation plays a critical role. Lung tumor suppressor G protein-coupled receptor, family C, member 5A (GPRC5A), is repressed in most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that NF-κB acts as a transcriptional repressor in suppression of GPRC5A. NF-κB induced GPRC5A repression both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, transactivation of NF-κB downstream targets was not required, but the transactivation domain of RelA/p65 was required for GPRC5A repression. NF-κB did not bind to any potential cis-element in the GPRC5A promoter. Instead, p65 was complexed with retinoic acid receptor α/β (RARα/β) and recruited to the RA response element site at the GPRC5A promoter, resulting in disrupted RNA polymerase II complexing and suppressed transcription. Notably, phosphorylation on serine 276 of p65 was required for interaction with RARα/β and repression of GPRC5A. Moreover, NF-κB-mediated epigenetic repression was through suppression of acetylated histone H3K9 (H3K9ac), but not DNA methylation of the CpG islands, at the GPRC5A promoter. Consistently, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, but not DNA methylation inhibitor, restored GPRC5A expression in NSCLC cells. Thus, NF-κB induces transcriptional repression of GPRC5A via a complex with RARα/β and mediates epigenetic repression via suppression of H3K9ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaimi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y. Eugene Chin
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binhua P. Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education and,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Peninsula Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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5
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Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of GPRC5A in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249040. [PMID: 33788883 PMCID: PMC8011795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GPRC5A is associated with various cancer initiation and progression. Controversial findings have been reported about GPRC5A prognostic characteristics, and no meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the relationship between GPRC5A and cancer prognosis. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the overall prognostic effectiveness of GPRC5A. Methods We first conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, and WangFang databases. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were then pooled to assess the associations between GPRC5A expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS), and clinicopathological characteristics. Chi-squared test and I2 statistics were completed to evaluate the heterogeneity in our study. A random‐effects model was used when significant heterogeneity existed (I2>50% and p<0.05); otherwise, we chose the fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis was stratified by tumor type, region, HR obtained measurements, and sample capacity to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results In total, 15 studies with 624 patients met inclusion criteria of this study. Our results showed that higher expression of GPRC5A is associated with worse OS (HR:1.69 95%CI: 1.20–2.38 I2 = 75.6% p = 0.000), as well as worse EFS (HR:1.45 95%CI: 1.02–1.95 I2 = 0.0% p = 0.354). Subgroup analysis indicated that tumor type might be the source of high heterogeneity. Additionally, cancer patients with enhanced GPRC5A expression were more likely to lymph node metastasis (OR:1.95, 95%CI 1.33–2.86, I2 = 43.9%, p = 0.129) and advanced tumor stage (OR: 1.83, 95%CI 1.15–2.92, I2 = 61.3%, p = 0.035), but not associated with age, sex, differentiation, and distant metastasis. Conclusion GPRC5A can be a promising candidate for predicting medical outcomes and used for accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction for patients with cancer; however, the predictive value of GPRC5A varies significantly according to cancer type. Further studies for this mechanism will be necessary to reveal novel insights into application of GPRC5A in cancers.
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6
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Guo W, Li K, Sun B, Xu D, Tong L, Yin H, Liao Y, Song H, Wang T, Jing B, Hu M, Liu S, Kuang Y, Ling J, Li Q, Wu Y, Wang Q, Yao F, Zhou BP, Lin SH, Deng J. Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc - for Glutathione Synthesis in Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 81:552-566. [PMID: 33229341 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells need to generate large amounts of glutathione (GSH) to buffer oxidative stress during tumor development. A rate-limiting step for GSH biosynthesis is cystine uptake via a cystine/glutamate antiporter Xc-. Xc- is a sodium-independent antiporter passively driven by concentration gradients from extracellular cystine and intracellular glutamate across the cell membrane. Increased uptake of cystine via Xc- in cancer cells increases the level of extracellular glutamate, which would subsequently restrain cystine uptake via Xc-. Cancer cells must therefore evolve a mechanism to overcome this negative feedback regulation. In this study, we report that glutamate transporters, in particular SLC1A1, are tightly intertwined with cystine uptake and GSH biosynthesis in lung cancer cells. Dysregulated SLC1A1, a sodium-dependent glutamate carrier, actively recycled extracellular glutamate into cells, which enhanced the efficiency of cystine uptake via Xc- and GSH biosynthesis as measured by stable isotope-assisted metabolomics. Conversely, depletion of glutamate transporter SLC1A1 increased extracellular glutamate, which inhibited cystine uptake, blocked GSH synthesis, and induced oxidative stress-mediated cell death or growth inhibition. Moreover, glutamate transporters were frequently upregulated in tissue samples of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Taken together, active uptake of glutamate via SLC1A1 propels cystine uptake via Xc- for GSH biosynthesis in lung tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Cellular GSH in cancer cells is not only determined by upregulated Xc- but also by dysregulated glutamate transporters, which provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaimi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, the Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Liu S, Wang Y, Han Y, Xia W, Zhang L, Xu S, Ju H, Zhang X, Ren G, Liu L, Ye W, Zhang Z, Hu J. EREG-driven oncogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma exhibits higher sensitivity to Erlotinib therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10589-10605. [PMID: 32929368 PMCID: PMC7482801 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The oncogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is believed to result from oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation. Here, we identified a new oncogenic role for the EREG gene in HNSCC. Methods: The TCGA database and immunohistochemistry assay were used to analyze expression of EREG in HNSCC tissues. Immunoblotting was performed to identify the EGFR-mediated pathways altered by EREG. The role of EREG in oncogenesis was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results: Upregulated EREG expression predicted a poor prognosis and triggered HNSCC oncogenic transformation by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. We also demonstrated the direct association of EREG with EGFR and that this binding required EGFR domains I and III and the N57 residue of EREG. Moreover, EREG overexpression was shown to promote HNSCC oncogenesis by inducing C-Myc expression, and the pharmacological inhibition of C-Myc rescued EREG-promoted HNSCC oncogenesis. Unlike other EGFR ligands, EREG could mimic EGFR mutations by sustaining the activation of the EGFR-Erk pathway, and high EREG expression was positively associated with the response to treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Furthermore, knockdown of EREG decreased sensitivity to erlotinib treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These results identify the EREG-EGFR-C-Myc pathway as a crucial axis that drives HNSCC oncogenesis and show that EREG expression could be a predictive functional marker of sensitivity to erlotinib therapy in HNSCC.
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8
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Guo W, Kuang Y, Wu J, Wen D, Zhou A, Liao Y, Song H, Xu D, Wang T, Jing B, Li K, Hu M, Ling J, Wang Q, Wu W. Hexokinase 2 Depletion Confers Sensitization to Metformin and Inhibits Glycolysis in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:52. [PMID: 32083006 PMCID: PMC7005048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are highly aggressive tumors, and there is currently no effective targeted therapy owing to the lack of specific mutation targets. Compared with lung adenocarcinoma (ADCs), lung SCCs reportedly utilized higher levels of glucose metabolism to meet the anabolic and catabolic needs required to sustain rapid tumor growth. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limit and first committed step in glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated the expression and effect of HK2 in lung SCCs. We found a significantly higher HK2 expression in lung SCCs, but not lung ADC or normal tissues. HK2 depletion or inhibition decreased the glycolysis and tumor growth via activating AMPK signaling pathway, which downregulated mTORC1 activity. Furthermore, we found an increased oxygen respiration rate compensating for HK2 depletion. Thus, metformin treatment showed combinatorial therapeutic value, which resulted in greater induction of lung SCC apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Our study suggests that HK2 depletion in combination with metformin might be a novel effective strategy for lung SCCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaimi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Chen J, Wang Y, Du G, Zhang W, Cao T, Shi L, Wang Y, Mi J, Tang G. Down-regulation of miRNA-27b-3p suppresses keratinocytes apoptosis in oral lichen planus. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4326-4337. [PMID: 30973209 PMCID: PMC6533518 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a precancerous lesion with no known cure. Recent studies reported that abnormal regulation of apoptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Next generation sequencing was used to screen the candidate microRNAs and genes in biopsies from patients with OLP and healthy mucosa. Human oral keratinocytes were transfected into the related oligonucleotides of miR‐27b‐3p/cyclophilin D and their control groups. Apoptosis was detected by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling and flow cytometry. The levels of mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blots, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Luciferase assays were performed to detect the luciferase activities of miR‐27b‐3p and cyclophilin D. Here, we showed that basal epithelium apoptosis was reduced and the miR‐27b‐3p levels were decreased in clinical OLP samples. We also found that down‐regulation of miR‐27b‐3p inhibited epithelial keratinocyte apoptosis by up‐regulating cyclophilin D expression. Moreover, cyclophilin D increased the protein stability of Bcl2 through direct binding, and Bcl2 suppressed caspase9/3 activation and cytochrome C release. Taken together, these data showed that miR‐27b‐3p regulated keratinocyte apoptosis through cyclophilin D/Bcl2 signalling, suggesting the miR‐27b‐3p regulated the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Cao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Guo W, Hu M, Wu J, Zhou A, Liao Y, Song H, Xu D, Kuang Y, Wang T, Jing B, Li K, Ling J, Wen D, Wu W. Gprc5a depletion enhances the risk of smoking-induced lung tumorigenesis and mortality. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108791. [PMID: 30901718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality. Although cigarette smoke is regarded as a high risk factor for lung tumor initiation, the role of the lung tumor suppressor GPRC5A in smoking-induced lung cancer is unclear. MAIN METHODS We obtained two lung cancer cohorts from the TCGA and GEO databases. Bioinformatics analysis showed differential gene expression in the cohorts. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western Blot and Gprc5a-/- mice uncovered the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer in the GPRC5A deletion system in vitro and in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Bioinformatics analysis showed that the smoking lung cancer patients with low expression of GPRC5A had poor overall survival compared to the patients with high GPRC5A expression. Further analysis revealed that cancer-related stemness pathways such as the Hippo signaling pathway were induced in smoking patients with low GPRC5A expression. Additionally, we detected enriched expression of WNT5A and DLX5 in normal human lung epithelial 16HBE cells and human lung cancer H1299 cells in vitro. A relationship between cigarette smoke extract (NNK) and lung tumor initiation was observed in Gprc5a-/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE The lung tumor suppressor gene GPRC5A played a protective role in cigarette smoke-induced lung tumor initiation, providing a target for the prevention of lung cancer development and monitoring of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaimi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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El Gammal AT, Melling N, Reeh M, Gebauer F, Mann O, Perez D, Bockhorn M, Bachmann K, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. High levels of RAI3 expression is linked to shortened survival in esophageal cancer patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:51-56. [PMID: 30707896 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the retinoic acid-induced protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested to predict clinical outcome in a variety of malignancies. However, its role in esophageal cancers remains unclear. Immunohistochemical RAI3 staining was analyzed on tissue microarrays containing 359 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and 254 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). RAI3 immunostaining was typically absent or weakly detectable in the membranes in benign esophageal tissues. RAI3 staining was higher in malignant than in benign esophagus epithelium. High-levels of RAI3 staining were found in 79.2% of interpretable EACs and 55.9% of ESCCs. In EACs, strong RAI3 staining was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage (p < .0001), high UICC stage (p < .0001), high tumor grade (p = .0133), and positive lymph nodal status (p = .0002). Additionally, high RAI3 staining predicted shortened overall survival of EAC and ESCC patients (p = .0298 and p = .0227). RAI3 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancers. We propose that RAI3 overexpression might play a biologically relevant role of RAI3 in esophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tarek El Gammal
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Reeh
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Florian Gebauer
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Oliver Mann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Maximillian Bockhorn
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Kai Bachmann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
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12
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GPRC5A: An Emerging Biomarker in Human Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1823726. [PMID: 30417009 PMCID: PMC6207857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1823726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. G Protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) is a member of the GPCR superfamily, is expressed preferentially in lung tissues, and is regulated by various entities at multiple levels. GPRC5A exerts a tumor suppressive role in lung cancer and GPRC5A deletion promotes lung tumor initiation and progression. Recent advances have highlighted that GPRC5A dysregulation is found in various human cancers and is related to many tumor-associated signaling pathways, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src signaling. This review aimed to summarize our updated view on the biology and regulation of GPRC5A, its expression in human cancers, and the linked signaling pathways. A better comprehension of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of GPRC5A will provide novel insights into its potential diagnostic and therapeutic value.
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13
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Wang Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Ye W, Zhang X, Ju H, Xu D, Liu L, Ye D, Zhang L, Zhu D, Deng J, Zhang Z, Liu S. EGFR activation induced Snail-dependent EMT and myc-dependent PD-L1 in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1457-1470. [PMID: 29954240 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1489177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers cancer cells the ability of invasion and metastasis. However, how does EMT contribute to evasion of immune surveillance is unclear, especially in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). In this study, we investigated the molecular link between EGF-induced EMT and the immune checkpoint ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) by immunoprecipitation (IP) and Westernblot analysis. Cell migration and invasion activity was assayed by transwell assay. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis was performed for measurement of EMT markers and PD-L1 expression levels in tumor tissues. We found that EGF-induced EGFR activation stabilized Snail expression and induced EMT in SACC. Interestingly, EGFR activation induced simultaneously both EMT and PD-L1 in SACC. Importantly, knockdown of Snail greatly suppressed EGF-induced EMT, but not EGF-induced PD-L1 expression; whereas knockdown of c-Myc strongly repressed PD-L1 expression, but not snail expression and EMT. The molecular link is strongly supported by robust correlations between the EMT markers and PD-L1 expression in human cancer samples.These results suggest that EGFR activated EMT and PD-L1 via two distinct mechanisms. EGFR activation induced EMT and PD-L1 expression in SACC. Snail is required for EGF-induced EMT, but not PD-L1 expression; whereas c-Myc is required for EGFR-mediated PD-L1 upregulation but not EMT. Thus, targeting activated EGFR may inhibit both EMT and PD-L1, which may potentiate the therapeutic effect of PD-L1-based immunotherapy, especially in the malignant subgroups of SACC patients with activated EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan'an Wang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Weimin Ye
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Houyu Ju
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shang hai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Liu Liu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongwang Zhu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiong Deng
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shang hai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuli Liu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology& Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , Shanghai , China.,c National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
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14
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Liu S, Shi L, Yang X, Ye D, Wang T, Dong C, Guo W, Liao Y, Song H, Xu D, Hu J, Zhang Z, Deng J. Nuclear survivin promoted by acetylation is associated with the aggressive phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:894-902. [PMID: 28384094 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1310352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in apoptotic pathway contribute to development and progression of oral cancer. Survivin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is increased in many types of cancers. However, it is unclear whether increased survivin is associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and what mechanisms may involve in. In this study, we examined survivin expression in OSCC compared with normal oral tissues via immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that, not only total survivin is increased in OSCCs, but also the subcellular location of survivin is changed in OSCCs compared with normal oral tissues. In most of normal oral tissues, survivin staining was either negative, or cytoplasmic positive/nuclear negative; whereas in most of OSCC tissues, survivin staining was nuclear positive. Statistic analysis indicates that nuclear survivin, rather than total or cytoplasmic one, correlates with tumor TNM stage and differentiation grade. Consistently, in vitro analysis showed that survivin is in cytoplasm in normal human oral kinotinocyte (HOK) cells; whereas it is in nucleus in OSCC HN6 cells. Importantly, treatment of HOK cells with HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) induces survivin acetylation and promotes its nuclear localization. Moreover, nuclear survivin in OSCC cells was acetylated at K129 in its C-terminal, suggesting that the acetylation is important for nuclear location of survivin. Our study demonstrates that it is nuclear survivin, rather than total or cytoplasmic one, associates with TNM stage and tumor grade of OSCC. Thus, we propose nuclear survivin as a prognostic marker for the progression of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Lei Shi
- c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Gansu Provincial Hospital , Gansu , China
| | - Xi Yang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Tong Wang
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Cunshan Dong
- e Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Double Mineral Hospital , Shuangyashan , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yueling Liao
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hongyong Song
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiong Deng
- d Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,g Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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15
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Liu S, Ye D, Wang T, Guo W, Song H, Liao Y, Xu D, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Deng J. Repression of GPRC5A is associated with activated STAT3, which contributes to tumor progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:34. [PMID: 28270740 PMCID: PMC5335824 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background G protein–coupled receptor family C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), a retinoic acid-inducible gene, is a lung tumor suppressor. Previously, we showed that repression of GPRC5A expression was associated with pathologic differentiation grade of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and overexpression of GPRC5A gene inhibited the malignant phenotype in OSCC cells, suggesting that GPRC5A also functions as a tumor suppressor in oral cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPRC5A deficiency in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are still unclear. Methods In this study, we used Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to investigate the expression of GPRC5A in both HNSCC cell lines and clinical samples. GPRC5A stable transfectants and their parental HNSCC cells were characterized for their biological activities in anchorage-independent growth. Results IHC analysis showed that, GPRC5A expression was high in normal tissue, but gradually decreased in oral leukoplakia, a precancerous stage, and greatly suppressed in primary cancer. Repression of GPRC5A was correlated with activated STAT3, which associates with aggressive clinicopathological features in HNSCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of GPRC5A suppressed IL-6-induced-STAT3 activation and inhibited anchorage-independent growth in HNSCC cells. Conclusions Repressed GPRC5A associates with increased tumor grade and activated STAT3, which may be used as a prognostic marker for tumor progression of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanguang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key laboratory of cell differentiation and apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Jahny E, Yang H, Liu B, Jahnke B, Lademann F, Knösel T, Rümmele P, Grützmann R, Aust DE, Pilarsky C, Denz A. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor RAI3 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Cancer Survival and Regulates Proliferation via STAT3 Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170390. [PMID: 28114355 PMCID: PMC5256936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. Understanding the function of gene expression alterations is a prerequisite for developing new strategies in diagnostic and therapy. GPRC5A (RAI3), coding for a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor is known to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and might be an interesting candidate for therapeutic intervention. Expression levels of RAI3 were compared using a tissue microarray of 435 resected patients with pancreatic cancer as well as 209 samples from chronic pancreatitis (CP), intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and normal pancreatic tissue. To elucidate the function of RAI3 overexpression, siRNA based knock-down was used and transfected cells were analyzed using proliferation and migration assays. Pancreatic cancer patients showed a statistically significant overexpression of RAI3 in comparison to normal and chronic pancreatitis tissue. Especially the loss of apical RAI3 expression represents an independent prognostic parameter for overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Suppression of GPRC5a results in decreased cell growth, proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines via a STAT3 modulated pathway, independent from ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jahny
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrix Jahnke
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Petra Rümmele
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8–10, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela E. Aust
- Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel Denz
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Liu S, Liu L, Ye W, Ye D, Wang T, Guo W, Liao Y, Xu D, Song H, Zhang L, Zhu H, Deng J, Zhang Z. High Vimentin Expression Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Predicated a Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38834. [PMID: 27966589 PMCID: PMC5155220 DOI: 10.1038/srep38834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common public health problem worldwide with poor prognosis, which is largely due to lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Identification of specific molecular markers of OSCC with lymph node metastasis would be very important for early and specific diagnosis. In this study, we screened for the potential prognosis markers via unbiased transcriptomic microarray analysis in paired two OSCC cell lines, a lymph node metastatic HN12 cell line and a low metastatic parental HN4 cell line. The results showed that vimentin, with 87-fold increase of expression, was on the top of all upregulated genes in metastatic HN12 cells compared to non-metastatic HN4 cells. Treatment of non-metastatic HN4 cells with TGF-β1 induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), with increased vimentin expression as well as enhanced migration activity. Consistently, knockdown of vimentin via siRNA resulted in suppressed invasion and migration activities of HN12 cells, suggesting an essential role of vimentin in EMT-related functions of OSCC cells. Finally, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis showed that high vimentin expression was strongly associated with high lymph node metastases (p < 0.05), and poor overall survival (p < 0.05) in OSCC patients. Thus, high vimentin expression is strongly associated with increased metastatic potential, and may serve as a prediction marker for poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanguang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhou H, Telonis AG, Jing Y, Xia NL, Biederman L, Jimbo M, Blanco F, Londin E, Brody JR, Rigoutsos I. GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells that is upregulated by gemcitabine with help from HuR. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2294. [PMID: 27415424 PMCID: PMC4973341 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GPRC5A is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor with an intriguing dual behavior, acting as an oncogene in some cancers and as a tumor suppressor in other cancers. In the pancreatic cancer context, very little is known about GPRC5A. By analyzing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data from 675 human cancer cell lines and 10 609 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we found that GPRC5A's abundance in pancreatic cancer is highest (cell lines) or second highest (TCGA) among all tissues and cancer types. Further analyses of an independent set of 252 pancreatic normal and cancer samples showed GPRC5A mRNA to be more than twofold upregulated in primary tumor samples compared with normal pancreas (P-value<10−5), and even further upregulated in pancreatic cancer metastases to various organs (P-value=0.0021). Immunostaining of 208 cores (103 samples) of a tissue microarray showed generally low expression of GPRC5A protein in normal pancreatic ductal cells; on the other hand, in primary and metastatic samples, GPRC5A protein levels were dramatically increased in pancreatic ductal cells. In vitro studies of multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines showed that an increase in GPRC5A protein levels promoted pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. Unexpectedly, when we treated pancreatic cancer cell lines with gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine), we observed an increase in GPRC5A protein abundance. On the other hand, when we knocked down GPRC5A we sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Through further experimentation we showed that the monotonic increase in GPRC5A protein levels that we observe for the first 18 h following gemcitabine treatment results from interactions between GPRC5A's mRNA and the RNA-binding protein HuR, which is an established key mediator of gemcitabine's efficacy in cancer cells. As we discovered, the interaction between GPRC5A and HuR is mediated by at least one HuR-binding site in GPRC5A's mRNA. Our findings indicate that GPRC5A is part of a complex molecular axis that involves gemcitabine and HuR, and, possibly, other genes. Further work is warranted before it can be established unequivocally that GPRC5A is an oncogene in the pancreatic cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Y Jing
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - N L Xia
- Department of Neuroscience and The Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - L Biederman
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - M Jimbo
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - F Blanco
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - J R Brody
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - I Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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19
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Liu S, Ye D, Xu D, Liao Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Yu W, Wang Y, He Y, Hu J, Guo W, Wang T, Sun B, Song H, Yin H, Liu J, Wu Y, Zhu H, Zhou BP, Deng J, Zhang Z. Autocrine epiregulin activates EGFR pathway for lung metastasis via EMT in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25251-63. [PMID: 26958807 PMCID: PMC5041901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is characterized by invasive local growth and a high incidence of lung metastasis. Patients with lung metastasis have a poor prognosis. Treatment of metastatic SACC has been unsuccessful, largely due to a lack of specific targets for the metastatic cells. In this study, we showed that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) were constitutively activated in metastatic lung subtypes of SACC cells, and that this activation was induced by autocrine expression of epiregulin (EREG), a ligand of EGFR. Autocrine EREG expression was increased in metastatic SACC-LM cells compared to that in non-metastatic parental SACC cells. Importantly, EREG-neutralizing antibody, but not normal IgG, blocked the autocrine EREG-induced EGFR phosphorylation and the migration of SACC cells, suggesting that EREG-induced EGFR activation is essential for induction of cell migration and invasion by SACC cells. Moreover, EREG-activated EGFR stabilized Snail and Slug, which promoted EMT and metastatic features in SACC cells. Of note, targeting EGFR with inhibitors significantly suppressed both the motility of SACC cells in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Finally, elevated EREG expression showed a strong correlation with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer. Thus, targeting the EREG-EGFR-Snail/Slug axis represents a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic SACC even no genetic EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hanguang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhua P. Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Liu S, Ye D, Guo W, Yu W, He Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Liao Y, Song H, Zhong S, Xu D, Yin H, Sun B, Wang X, Liu J, Wu Y, Zhou BP, Zhang Z, Deng J. G9a is essential for EMT-mediated metastasis and maintenance of cancer stem cell-like characters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6887-901. [PMID: 25749385 PMCID: PMC4466657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a particularly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, largely due to lymph node metastasis and local recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for cancer metastasis, and correlated with increased cancer stem cells (CSCs) characteristics. However, the mechanisms underlying metastasis to lymph nodes in HNSCC is poorly defined. In this study, we show that E-cadherin repression correlates with cancer metastasis and poor prognosis in HNSCC. We found that G9a, a histone methyltransferase, interacts with Snail and mediates Snail-induced transcriptional repression of E-cadherin and EMT, through methylation of histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9). Moreover, G9a is required for both lymph node-related metastasis and TGF-β-induced EMT in HNSCC cells since knockdown of G9a reversed EMT, inhibited cell migration and tumorsphere formation, and suppressed the expression of CSC markers. Our study demonstrates that the G9a protein is essential for the induction of EMT and CSC-like properties in HNSCC. Thus, targeting the G9a-Snail axis may represent a novel strategy for treatment of metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhu Y, Gu YX, Mo JJ, Shi JY, Qiao SC, Lai HC. N-acetyl cysteine protects human oral keratinocytes from Bis-GMA-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the PI3K/Akt pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2089-101. [PMID: 26343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) released from dental resin materials causes various toxic effects on gingival epithelium. Thus the underlying mechanisms of its cytotoxicity should be elucidated for safety use. One potential cause of cell damage is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond the capacity of a balanced redox regulation. In this study, we found that exposure of human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) to Bis-GMA caused apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest in parallel with an increased ROS level. Moreover, Bis-GMA induced a depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an activation of caspase-3 and altered expressions of cell cycle-related proteins (p21, PCNA, cyclinD1). Furthermore, the co-treatment of the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) obviously attenuated Bis-GMA-induced toxicity. Here we also evaluated the effects of Bis-GMA on the ROS-related PI3k/Akt pathway. We found that Bis-GMA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, whereas the amount of phosphorylated Akt was reverted to the control level in the presence of NAC. Our findings suggested that the toxic effects of Bis-GMA were related to ROS production and the antioxidant NAC effectively reduced Bis-GMA-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ying-xin Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia-ji Mo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun-yu Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shi-chong Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong-chang Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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22
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Hao X, Kong F, Li X, Yu J, Jia Y. GPRC5A overexpression predicted advanced biological behaviors and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:503-10. [PMID: 26227221 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A (GPRC5A) had received attentions for its role in carcinogenesis and prognostic values in several types of cancer. However, the functional roles of GPRC5A in gastric cancer (GC) had never been elucidated. The expression levels of GPRC5A were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot in GC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. GPRC5A expression in tissue sections of 106 GC samples was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The staining results were compared with clinicopathological factors and to the prognosis of GC patients. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GPRC5A in gastric cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Positive GPRC5A expression was significantly correlated with larger size of primary tumor, diffuse type (Lauren's classification), deeper serosal invasion, and more lymph node metastasis. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that GC patients with positive GPRC5A expression had poor prognosis than those with negative GPRC5A expression. GPRC5A expression was identified as an independent factor of the overall survival in GC patients by multivariate Cox analysis. Further, the overall survival difference existed between patients with GPRC5A positive and negative groups in GC patients with lymph node metastasis. Our results suggested that elevated levels of GPRC5A played significant roles in GC progression. GPRC5A could serve as a prognostic biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggen Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xuwen Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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23
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Zhou H, Rigoutsos I. The emerging roles of GPRC5A in diseases. Oncoscience 2014; 1:765-76. [PMID: 25621293 PMCID: PMC4303886 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘Retinoic Acid-Inducible G-protein-coupled receptors’ or RAIG are a group comprising the four orphan receptors GPRC5A, GPRC5B, GPRC5C and GPRC5D. As the name implies, their expression is induced by retinoic acid but beyond that very little is known about their function. In recent years, one member, GPRC5A, has been receiving increasing attention as it was shown to play important roles in human cancers. As a matter of fact, dysregulation of GPRC5A has been associated with several cancers including lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Here we review the current state of knowledge about the heterogeneity and evolution of GPRC5A, its regulation, its molecular functions, and its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- Computational Medicine Center, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Liu J, Bai X, Li YX, Chen KS, Wen HT. Clinicopathological significance of GPRC5A and STAT3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4810-4815. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i31.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A (GPRC5A) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to analyze their clinicopathological significance.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GPRC5A and STAT3 proteins in ESCC, matched tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue. The correlation between the expression of these proteins and clinicopathologic features of ESCC was analyzed.
RESULTS: The rate of GPRC5A protein expression in ESCC was significantly lower than those in tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue (41.79% vs 58.21%, 68.66%, P < 0.05 for both). The positive rate of STAT3 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue (80.60% vs 71.64%, 53.73%, P < 0.05 for both). Expression of GPRC5A was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth and histological grade, but not with age, sex or lymph node metastasis. STAT3 expression was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth and histological grade, but not with age, sex or lymph node metastasis. GPRC5A protein expression was positively correlated with the expression of STAT3 proteins (r = -0.254, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: GPRC5A and STAT3 may participate in the occurrence and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Combined detection of the expression of these proteins will be helpful to the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma and accurate determination of the biological behavior of this malignancy. GPRC5A and STAT3 may become new targets for gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma.
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25
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EGFR phosphorylates and inhibits lung tumor suppressor GPRC5A in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:233. [PMID: 25311788 PMCID: PMC4200229 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GPRC5A is a retinoic acid inducible gene that is preferentially expressed in lung tissue. Gprc5a– knockout mice develop spontaneous lung cancer, indicating Gprc5a is a lung tumor suppressor gene. GPRC5A expression is frequently suppressed in majority of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), however, elevated GPRC5A is still observed in a small portion of NSCLC cell lines and tumors, suggesting that the tumor suppressive function of GPRC5A is inhibited in these tumors by an unknown mechanism. Methods In this study, we examined EGF receptor (EGFR)-mediated interaction and tyrosine phosphorylation of GPRC5A by immunoprecipitation (IP)-Westernblot. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GPRC5A by EGFR was systematically identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Cell proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth of NSCLC cell lines stably transfected with wild-type GPRC5A and mutants defective in tyrosine phosphorylation were assayed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis with specific antibodies was performed to measure the total and phosphorylated GPRC5A in both normal lung and lung tumor tissues. Result We found that EGFR interacted with GPRC5A and phosphorylated it in two conserved double-tyrosine motifs, Y317/Y320 and Y347/ Y350, at the C-terminal tail of GPRC5A. EGF induced phosphorylation of GPRC5A, which disrupted GPRC5A-mediated suppression on anchorage-independent growth of NSCLC cells. On contrary, GPRC5A-4 F, in which the four tyrosine residues have been replaced with phenylalanine, was resistant to EGF-induced phosphorylation and maintained tumor suppressive activities. Importantly, IHC analysis with anti-Y317/Y320-P sites showed that GPRC5A was non-phosphorylated in normal lung tissue whereas it was highly tyrosine-phosphorylated in NSCLC tissues. Conclusion GPRC5A can be inactivated by receptor tyrosine kinase via tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, targeting EGFR can restore the tumor suppressive functions of GPRC5A in lung cancer.
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Calixto G, Bernegossi J, Fonseca-Santos B, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for treatment of oral cancer: a review. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3719-35. [PMID: 25143724 PMCID: PMC4134022 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s61670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (oral cavity and oropharynx) is a common and aggressive cancer that invades local tissue, can cause metastasis, and has a high mortality rate. Conventional treatment strategies, such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy, have improved over the past few decades; however, they remain far from optimal. Currently, cancer research is focused on improving cancer diagnosis and treatment methods (oral cavity and oropharynx) nanotechnology, which involves the design, characterization, production, and application of nanoscale drug delivery systems. In medicine, nanotechnologies, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, gold nanoparticles, hydrogels, cyclodextrin complexes, and liquid crystals, are promising tools for diagnostic probes and therapeutic devices. The objective of this study is to present a systematic review of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Calixto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bernegossi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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