1
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Krishnan M, Saraswathy S, Singh S, Saggu GK, Kalra N, Agrawala PK, Abraham KM, Das Toora B. Sulforaphane inhibits histone deacetylase causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:412-419. [PMID: 39071758 PMCID: PMC11280278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biologic compounds have recently generated interest in cancer chemoprevention. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables, has profound epigenetic actions. Since epigenetic aetiology is crucial for oral cancer, this study evaluated the role of SFN in oral cancer prevention. Methods Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (UPCI-SCC-172) were treated with SFN in three concentrations: 10 μM, 20 μM and 30 μM for two time periods: 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay assessed cell proliferation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity was colorimetrically estimated in the nuclear extracts. Flow cytometry determined cell cycle stages, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes. Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were evaluated from caspase enzyme assays. Results Cell proliferation and HDAC activity (44% in 24 h and 40% in 48 h) were significantly inhibited (p < 0.01). For 10 μM concentration, G2/M cell cycle arrest was found with a reduction in G1 phase cell population at 24 h and 48 h. Concentrations of 20 μM and 30 μM SFN presented cells in apoptosis marked by increased sub G1 cells at 48 h. Concentrations of 10 μM and 20 μM SFN showed a 1.3 to 2.8-fold increase in ROS generation at 24 h and 48 h. The concentration of 30 μM SFN showed a drop in ROS production, denoting cells already in apoptosis. Fall in MMP was also dose- and time-dependent. Caspase enzyme assays (p < 0.001) demonstrated activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Conclusion Inhibitory action of SFN on oral cancer cell proliferation and HDAC activity led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These effects marked by increase in ROS, a decrease in MMP and activation of apoptotic pathways offer exciting therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Krishnan
- Commanding Officer & Classified Specialist (Orthodontics), Military Dental Centre, Ahmednagar, India
| | - Seema Saraswathy
- Faculty (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Sanjana Singh
- Research Fellow (Dental Research & Implantology), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | | | - Namita Kalra
- Technical Officer (Radiation Biosciences), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Paban K. Agrawala
- Scientist `F' (Radiation Genetics & Epigenetics), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Kurian Mathew Abraham
- Assistant Professor (Aquatic Biology & Fisheries), University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Bishamber Das Toora
- Head (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi Cantt, India
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2
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Renu K, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj A T, Patil S, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α): A new therapeutic target for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106007. [PMID: 35809505 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Thirumal Raj A
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 130, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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3
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Tan Y, Wang M, Yang K, Chi T, Liao Z, Wei P. PPAR-α Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:599995. [PMID: 33833983 PMCID: PMC8021859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.599995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. PPAR modulators may hold great potential for the management of cancer patients. Indeed, PPARs are critical sensors and regulators of lipid, and they are able to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity and inflammation response, and affect proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer, a name given to a group of diseases, is characterized by multiple distinctive biological behaviors, including angiogenesis, abnormal cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, etc. In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that PPAR-α, a nuclear hormone receptor, can modulate carcinogenesis via exerting effects on one or several characteristic pathological behaviors of cancer. Therefore, the multi-functional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. This review aims to consolidate the functions of PPAR-α, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPAR-α agonists and antagonists in tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Chi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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4
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Bogusiak K, Puch A, Mostowski R, Kozakiewicz M, Paneth P, Kobos J. Characteristic of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113760. [PMID: 33266376 PMCID: PMC7700358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall prognosis for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSSC) is still unfavourable. However, there is a hope that a novel diagnostic method may establish better cancer biology characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the isotope ratio of nitrogen and carbon in OSSC as compared to margin and healthy tissue. A total of 18 patients with OSSC were included in the study. Specimens collected covered: four tumour, four margin and two healthy oral mucosa samples. The samples underwent further procedures: lyophilization and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Measurements of the ratio of stable isotopes of nitrogen 15N/14N and carbon 13C/12C were performed. It is noticeable that the highest average nitrogen concentration was observed in tumour 12 ± 0.4% and the lowest in healthy tissues 8 ± 0.9% (p < 0.00001). The highest average carbon content was observed in healthy tissues 57 ± 2.2% and the lowest in tumour 46 ± 1.3% (p < 0.00001). Moreover, values of 15N/14N expressed in delta notation were the highest in healthy tissues 9.84 ± 0.61 and the lowest in tumour 8.92 ± 0.58. Values of 13C/12C tended to be higher in tumour −22.2 ± 0.89 and the lowest in healthy tissues −23.7 ± 1.2. Tumour tissues differ in isotopic composition from tissues taken from margin and healthy tissues taken from distant oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bogusiak
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Gen. J. Hallera Pl., 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Puch
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Gen. J. Hallera Pl., 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Radosław Mostowski
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Gen. J. Hallera Pl., 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Kobos
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland;
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5
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Konings H, Stappers S, Geens M, De Winter BY, Lamote K, van Meerbeeck JP, Specenier P, Vanderveken OM, Ledeganck KJ. A Literature Review of the Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Head and Neck Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1020. [PMID: 32670885 PMCID: PMC7332560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck neoplasms have a poor prognosis because of their late diagnosis. Finding a biomarker to detect these tumors in an early phase could improve the prognosis and survival rate. This literature review provides an overview of biomarkers, covering the different -omics fields to diagnose head and neck neoplasms in the early phase. To date, not a single biomarker, nor a panel of biomarkers for the detection of head and neck tumors has been detected with clinical applicability. Limitations for the clinical implementation of the investigated biomarkers are mainly the heterogeneity of the study groups (e.g., small population in which the biomarker was tested, and/or only including high-risk populations) and a low sensitivity and/or specificity of the biomarkers under study. Further research on biomarkers to diagnose head and neck neoplasms in an early stage, is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Konings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stappers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margot Geens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pol Specenier
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien J Ledeganck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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Chang NW, Huang YP. The RNA degradation pathway is involved in PPARα-modulated anti-oral tumorigenesis. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:27. [PMID: 31724941 PMCID: PMC6855187 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) has been shown to reprogram tumor metabolism and exhibits great potential for treating anti-oral tumorigenesis. Methods: In this study, we used a pathway-based strategy to explore possible functional pathways involved in the anticancer activity of PPARα in oral cancer cells through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic approaches. Results: We found that 3919 genes were upregulated and 1060 genes were downregulated through PPARα activation. These genes were mainly involved in the proteasomal, mRNA surveillance, spliceosomal, RNA transport, and RNA degradation pathways, as indicated by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Importantly, a total of 13 upregulated genes in the RNA degradation pathway were identified including 3 core exosome factor genes (RRP43, RRP42, and CSL4), 2 TRAMP complex genes (TRF4 and Mtr4), 2 exosome cofactor genes (RRP6 and MPP6), 2 CCR4-NOT complex genes (CNOT2 and CNOT3), 2 Ski complex genes (SKI2 and Ski3), 1 decapping complex gene (EDC4), and 1 gene involved in 5’ exoribonuclease activity (XRN1). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the activation of PPARα to upregulate the RNA degradation pathway might provide a new strategy for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wen Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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7
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Hou X, Liu R, Huang C, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Chen Q. Cyclophilin A was revealed as a candidate marker for human oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:345-356. [PMID: 28826174 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic insidious disease which predisposes to oral cancer. Understanding the molecular markers for OSF is critical for diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. In this study, the proteins expression profile of OSF tissues was compared to normal mucous tissues by 2 dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE images were analyzed through cut, spot detection and match analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Differentially expressed genes were identified as candidates. RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the difference in expression of the candidates between OSF and normal mucous tissues. The shRNA targeted to the candidates were then transfected by Lipofectamine2000 to the 3T3 cells to study gene function. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT, clonogenic formation, PI and TUNEL staining. From the proteomic analysis, 94 of the 182 selected spots with differential expression were identified by MS analysis and Cyclophilin A (CYPA) was determined to be the OSF-associated protein candidate. The significant differences in expression between OSF and normal tissues were verified and confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical analysis. Inhibition of CYPA expression by RNA interference suggested its potential activities involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis process. In conclusion, these results indicated a novel molecular mechanism of OSF pathogenesis and demonstrated CYPA as a potential biomarker and gene intervention targets of OSF. These data may help the development for therapeutics of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hou
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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8
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Huang YP, Chang NW. Proteomic analysis of oral cancer reveals new potential therapeutic targets involved in the Warburg effect. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:880-887. [PMID: 28453233 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) has been reported to disrupt tumour metabolism and to promote anticancer activity through interfering with the Warburg effect. This study is to investigate whether Warburg effect-related proteins also could be identified in oral tumour lesions and to explore the functional significance of PPARα in metabolic shift. Five pairs of tongue tumour tissues and adjacent reference tissues obtained from 4-NQO/arecoline induced mouse model were analyzed by 2-d-gel-electrophoresis and LC-MS. Further, the hexokinase II level, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, and metabolites of glycolysis and TCA cycle were all examined in order to validate the effect of PPARα on metabolic shift. Changes in protein expression levels revealed that seven proteins, which were involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the respiratory chain, were down-regulated in tumour tissues. We found that activation of PPARα through fenofibrate could inhibit oral cancer cell growth and switch the way of energy production from the Warburg effect to oxidative phosphorylation. Fenofibrate induced a reduction of hexokinase II protein levels, increases in PDH activity and metabolites of the TCA cycle, and an impairment of ATP production. These findings suggested that activation of the PPARα to reprogram the metabolic pathway might impair the Warburg effect and trigger cancer cell death. The study provides a novel view of changes in protein expression profiles involved in the Warburg effect during oral tumourigenesis. Activation of the PPARα to impair the Warburg effect might offer a new strategy for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Advances of Proteomic Sciences in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050728. [PMID: 27187379 PMCID: PMC4881550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of proteomics tools revolutionized various biomedical disciplines such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry. The aim of this review is to highlight the major milestones in proteomics in dentistry during the last fifteen years. Human oral cavity contains hard and soft tissues and various biofluids including saliva and crevicular fluid. Proteomics has brought revolution in dentistry by helping in the early diagnosis of various diseases identified by the detection of numerous biomarkers present in the oral fluids. This paper covers the role of proteomics tools for the analysis of oral tissues. In addition, dental materials proteomics and their future directions are discussed.
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