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Altaie AM, Mohammad MG, Madkour MI, AlSaegh MA, Jayakumar MN, K G AR, Samsudin AR, Halwani R, Hamoudi RA, Soliman SSM. Molecular pathogenicity of 1-nonadecene and L-lactic acid, unique metabolites in radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10722. [PMID: 37400519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, 1-nonadecene and L-lactic acid were identified as unique metabolites in radicular cysts and periapical granuloma, respectively. However, the biological roles of these metabolites were unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) effects of 1-nonadecene, and the inflammatory and collagen precipitation effects of L-lactic acid on both periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PdLFs and PBMCs were treated with 1-nonadecene and L-lactic acid. Cytokines' expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and macrophage polarization markers were measured using flow cytometry. The collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and released cytokines were measured using collagen assay, western blot, and Luminex assay, respectively. In PdLFs, 1-nonadecene enhances inflammation through the upregulation of some inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12A, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) α. 1-Nonadecene also induced MET through the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin in PdLFs. 1-Nonadecene polarized macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and suppressed their cytokines' release. L-lactic acid exerted a differential impact on the inflammation and proliferation markers. Intriguingly, L-lactic acid induced fibrosis-like effects by enhancing collagen synthesis, while inhibiting MMP-1 release in PdLFs. These results provide a deeper understanding of 1-nonadecene and L-lactic acid's roles in modulating the microenvironment of the periapical area. Consequently, further clinical investigation can be employed for target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed I Madkour
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Amjed AlSaegh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aghila Rani K G
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A R Samsudin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat A Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Ahmed MA, Anwar MF, Ahmed K, Aftab M, Nazim F, Bari MF, Mustafa M, Vohra F, Alrahlah A, Mughal N, Abidi SH. Baseline MMP expression in periapical granuloma and its relationship with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 34732191 PMCID: PMC8565031 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix components and have a major role in many physiological processes including wound healing. In the current study, we examined the correlation of baseline MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9 expressions with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Methods 27 patients aged between 15 and 57 years presenting with chronic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess of an anterior tooth with previously attempted or failed root canal treatment were included in this study. During surgical endodontic treatment, tissue from the periapical lesion sample was collected and used for gross histopathological analysis as well as mRNA expression analysis of MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9. Patients were recalled for follow-up after 6 months to evaluate the healing status both clinically and radiographically and healing was correlated with baseline MMP expression. Results Out of 27 patients, healing was observed in 15 patients at the end of 6 months, and in 21 patients after 12 months.. Six patients showed no healing even after 12 months. Analysis of baseline MMP 1, 2, 7, and 9 expression levels with healing status showed the mean relative expression of MMP2 and MMP9 to be considerably increased in the non-healing group as compared to the healing group. Conclusion Overexpression of MMP2 and MMP9 may be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker for periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. However, further studies are desirable to establish its precise relationship with periapical wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faraz Anwar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marziya Aftab
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Nazim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouman Mughal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. .,Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Kuźniarz K, Luchowska-Kocot D, Tomaszewski T, Kurzepa J. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the pathological mechanisms underlying maxillofacial cystic lesions. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:65. [PMID: 34155449 PMCID: PMC8212445 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic lesions are considered to be one of the most common pathologies of the maxillofacial region, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may represent potential etiological factors. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their endogenous tissue inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, respectively, in the pathogenesis of maxillofacial cystic lesions. A total of 25 patients diagnosed with radicular cysts (RCs; n=20), dentigerous cysts (n=3) and retention cysts (RtCs; n=7) were enrolled in the present study. Gelatin zymography was performed to assess the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and commercial ELISA kits were used to determine TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 concentrations. Gelatin zymography revealed the presence of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in all types of samples analyzed. An increase in MMP-9 activity, TIMP-1 concentration and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was observed in the fluid obtained from RCs compared with that obtained from RtCs. In conclusion, MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RCs, whereas the activity of MMP-2 in the wall of RtCs was low, and this gelatinase did not appear to significantly affect the development of this type of lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Kuźniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Tomaszewski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
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Teixeira FFC, Cardoso FGR, Ferreira NS, Gomes APM, Corazza BJM, Valera MC, Martinho FC. Clinical influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:643-650. [PMID: 34255199 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on the levels of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in apical periodontitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty primarily infected root canals with AP were randomly divided into two groups: Ca(OH)2 + sterile saline solution (SSL) group and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX gel) group. We collected samples from the periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) before (s1) and after 14 days of intracanal medication (s2). MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were detected in all PTF samples at s1 and s2 (20/20). At s1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected at higher levels than MMP-1 (p < .05). Higher levels of TIMP-1 than TIMP-2 were found in AP (p < .05). Additionally, we detected higher MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 over TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in AP (p < .05). At s2, Ca(OH)2 + SSL was as effective as Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel in lowering the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 after 14 days of intracanal medication, with no significant difference between them (p > .05). Both Ca(OH) 2 intracanal medications had no significant impact on the levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 (both p > .05). At s2, TIMP-1 levels were higher than TIMP-2 (p < .05). Moreover, there were positive correlations between the levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 and MMP-1 and TIMP-2 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium hydroxide medications effectively lowered the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in periapical tissues after 14 days of treatment, with no difference between them. Moreover, the calcium hydroxide intracanal medications tested here had no impact in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in periapical tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MMPs and TIMPs play an essential role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The imbalance MMPs and TIMPs can cause periapical tissue destruction. Therefore, the reestablishment of the balance between activated MMPs and TIMPs with root canal therapy is essential to restore tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia F C Teixeira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Flavia G R Cardoso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Nadia S Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Bruna J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Frederico C Martinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Wan CY, Li L, Liu LS, Jiang CM, Zhang HZ, Wang JX. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases during Apical Periodontitis Development. J Endod 2021; 47:1118-1125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Torres AFC, Antunes LS, Oliveira NFD, Küchler EC, Gomes CC, Antunes LAA. Genetic Polymorphism and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Periapical Lesions: Systematic Review. J Endod 2020; 46:3-11.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Boșca AB, Ilea A, Sorițău O, Tatomir C, Miklášová N, Pârvu AE, Mihu CM, Melincovici CS, Fischer-Fodor E. Modulatory effect of curcumin analogs on the activation of metalloproteinases in human periodontal stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:304-312. [PMID: 31270880 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis progresses due to increased levels of active metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Natural curcumin limits the lytic activity of MMPs but has low cellular uptake. Use of synthetic curcumin analogs could be a means of overcoming this limitation of treatment efficiency. Human periodontal stem cells were isolated from gingival tissue, gingival ligament fibers, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The effect of five synthetic curcumin analogs was compared with that of natural curcumin by assessing cytotoxicity [by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay], the cellular uptake (by fluorometry), the proteolytic activities of MMP-2 and -9 (by zymography), and the levels of TIMP-1 (by ELISA). Our results indicated increased cytotoxicity of synthetic curcumins for doses between 100 and 250 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, cellular uptake of synthetic curcumins varied depending on their chemical structure. The curcumin compounds modulated pro-MMP-2 levels and increased TIMP-1 production. There was no detectable synthesis of pro-MMP-9 and no activation of MMPs 2 and 9. Gingival tissue and gingival ligament fiber stem cells were most responsive to treatment, showing inverse correlations between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels. In conclusion, synthetic curcumins influenced the balance between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in human periodontal stem cells in vitro, and this could open perspectives for their application as adjuvants in periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina B Boșca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Sorițău
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Tatomir
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Natalia Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen M Mihu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen S Melincovici
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Medfuture Research Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and its association with matrix metalloproteinases in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4205-4212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lina S, Lihong Q, Di Y, Bo Y, Xiaolin L, Jing M. microRNA‐146a and Hey2 form a mutual negative feedback loop to regulate the inflammatory response in chronic apical periodontitis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:645-657. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Lina
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Qiu Lihong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Yang Di
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Yu Bo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Li Xiaolin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Mi Jing
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
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Trombone APF, Cavalla F, Silveira EMV, Andreo CB, Francisconi CF, Fonseca AC, Letra A, Silva RM, Garlet GP. MMP1-1607 polymorphism increases the risk for periapical lesion development through the upregulation MMP-1 expression in association with pro-inflammatory milieu elements. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:366-75. [PMID: 27556208 PMCID: PMC4990366 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity is a hallmark of periapical granulomas. However, the factors underlying the MMPs expression modulation in healthy and diseased periapical tissues remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Favaro Trombone
- - Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil.,- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Camile Bermejo Andreo
- - Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Houston, USA
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Houston, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Immunoexpression in Periapical Lesions from Primary Endodontic Infection: Possible Relationship with the Histopathological Diagnosis and the Presence of Pain. J Endod 2016; 42:547-51. [PMID: 26846622 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible associations among the histopathological diagnosis, the inflammatory infiltrate profile, the presence of pain, and the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions from primary endodontic infection. METHODS Fifty-one primary periapical lesions obtained from extracted teeth were selected for this study. Patients were previously evaluated for the presence of pain and sinus tract related to the tooth to be extracted. Tissues were processed for microscopic examination and MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunoexpression. Microscopically, samples were classified as periapical granulomas or periapical cysts and the inflammatory infiltrate as chronic or mixed. The percentage of immunopositive cells for MMP-2 and MMP-9 of each case was performed based on 10 consecutive microscopic fields. The Student t or chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the total, 28 cases were classified as periapical granulomas (54.90%) and 23 cases as periapical cysts (45.10%). Seventeen patients (33.33%) reported pain associated with the extracted tooth, with 12 cases of periapical granulomas (70.58%) and 5 cases of periapical cysts (29.42%). All cases showed immunopositivity for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a high percentage of cells, mainly in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes. MMP-2 was expressed more in periapical granulomas than periapical cysts (P < .05) and in symptomatic cases (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, we may conclude that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are highly expressed in periapical lesions from a primary endodontic infection. Moreover, we may suggest MMP-2 is expressed more in periapical granuloma and in cases associated with pain.
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