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Montenegro SP, Ramidan JC, Michelon MMM, Breves RC, Fonseca GVDS, Teixeira MKS, Lourenço EJV, Telles DDM. Development of clinical criteria for the evaluation of indirect restorations. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:1301-1314. [PMID: 37462351 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose the development and validation of criteria for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations, considering the variables related to the operator, material, and/or patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental design of this study was divided into three stages. Stage 1: development of the new criteria items by specialists in Prosthodontics. Step 2: creation of the criteria, named UERJ criteria, with the description of the parameters that indicate the quality of the restoration, the possible associated complications, and a detailed description of each classification. As well as the development of a form of variables. Step 3: validation of the UERJ criteria. RESULTS Cohen's Kappa statistic registered for both intra- and inter-examiner agreements a coefficient >0.91 with a p-value <0.0001. The validity of the UERJ criteria was evaluated by tests of sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.91) and had a satisfactory accuracy (92.7%), a positive (10.99), and negative (0.05) likelihood ratio and high values predictive variables, with positive (PPV) 0.84 (high specificity) and negative (VPN) 0.98 (high sensitivity), with a confidence interval of 95%. CONCLUSION The UERJ criteria is a valid instrument for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The UERJ criteria, developed exclusively for the analysis of indirect restorations, elucidates the details necessary to identify the causes of failures and complications of these restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pizzini Montenegro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Central Dental Clinic, Division of Prosthodontics, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabral Ramidan
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Mendes Medeiros Michelon
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Central Dental Clinic, Division of Prosthodontics, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Caldeira Breves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Central Dental Clinic, Division of Prosthodontics, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mayla Kezy Silva Teixeira
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Veras Lourenço
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Moraes Telles
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cristea I, Agop-Forna D, Martu MA, Dascălu C, Topoliceanu C, Török R, Török B, Bardis D, Bardi PM, Forna N. Oral and Periodontal Risk Factors of Prosthetic Success for 3-Unit Natural Tooth-Supported Bridges versus Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050852. [PMID: 36899996 PMCID: PMC10001396 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of this research are: (1) to compare the survival and prosthetic success of metal-ceramic 3-unit tooth- versus implant-supported fixed dental prostheses; (2) to evaluate the influence of several risk factors on the prosthetic success of tooth- and implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FPDs). A total of 68 patients with posterior short edentulous spaces (mean age 61.00 ± 1.325 years), were divided into two groups: 3-unit tooth-supported FPDs (40 patients; 52 FPD; mean follow-up 10.27 ± 0.496 years) and 3-unit implant-supported FPDs (28 patients; 32 FPD; mean follow-up 8.656 ± 0.718 years). Pearson-chi tests were used to highlight the risk factors for the prosthetic success of tooth- and implant-supported FPDs and multivariate analysis was used to determine significant risk predictors for the prosthetic success of the tooth-supported FPDs. The survival rates of 3-unit tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs were 100% and 87.5%, respectively, while the prosthetic success was 69.25% and 68.75%, respectively. The prosthetic success of tooth-supported FPDs was significantly higher for patients older than 60 years (83.3%) vs. 40-60 years old (57.1%) (p = 0.041). Periodontal disease history decreased the prosthetic success of tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs when compared with the absence of periodontal history (45.5% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.001; 33.3% vs. 90%, p = 0.002). The prosthetic success of 3-unit tooth- vs. implant-supported FPDs was not significantly influenced by gender, location, smoking, or oral hygiene in our study. In conclusion, similar rates of prosthetic success were recorded for both types of FPDs. In our study, prosthetic success of tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs was not significantly influenced by gender, location, smoking, or oral hygiene; however, history of periodontal disease is a significant negative predictor of success in both groups when compared with patients without periodontal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cristea
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Doriana Agop-Forna
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.A.-F.); (M.-A.M.); Tel.: +40-232301618 (M.-A.M.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Martu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.A.-F.); (M.-A.M.); Tel.: +40-232301618 (M.-A.M.)
| | - Cristina Dascălu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Topoliceanu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roland Török
- Implant Institute Török, 1712 Tafers, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Török
- Implant Institute Török, 1712 Tafers, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Bardis
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Norina Forna
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Limones A, Celemín-Viñuela A, Romeo-Rubio M, Castillo-Oyagüe R, Gómez-Polo M, Martínez Vázquez de Parga JA. Outcome measurements and quality of randomized controlled clinical trials of tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review and qualitative analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00282-7. [PMID: 36109260 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The lack of consensus regarding a standardized set of outcome measurements and noncompliance with current reporting guidelines in clinical trials of tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) hamper interstudy comparability, compromise scientific evidence, and waste research effort and resources in prosthetic dentistry. PURPOSE The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify all primary and secondary outcome measurements assessed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tooth-supported FDPs. Secondary objectives were to assess their methodological quality by using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool (RoB, v2.0) and their reporting quality by means of a standardized 16-item CONSORT assessment tool through published reports. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to identify all RCT-related articles published in the past 10 years. Differences in RoB were tested with the Pearson chi-square test, and those in CONSORT score with the Student t test. RESULTS A total of 64 RCTs from 79 publications were deemed eligible. The diversity of outcome measures used in the field is apparent. Twenty percent of the included studies had a low RoB, 79% showed some concerns, and 1% had a high RoB. The mean ±standard deviation CONSORT compliance score was 22.56 ±3.17. Trials adhered to the CONSORT statement reported lower RoB than those that did not adhere (P<.001). RCTs with a low RoB reported more comprehensive adherence to CONSORT guidelines than those with some concerns (MD 4 [95% CI 1.52-6.48]; P=.004). CONCLUSIONS A standardized core outcome reporting set in clinical research on tooth-supported FDPs remains evident. Adherence to the CONSORT statement continues to be low, with some RoB concerns that can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Limones
- Student, Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Celemín-Viñuela
- Professor, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Romeo-Rubio
- Professor, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-Oyagüe
- Cathedratic Professor, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Professor, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Jameson LM, Al‐Tarawneh SK. Informed Consent from a Historical, Societal, Ethical, Legal, and Practical Perspective. J Prosthodont 2022; 31:464-471. [PMID: 35184338 PMCID: PMC9541224 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Informed consent is often perceived as a regulatory obligation without recognizing its educational potential in the dynamic provider/patient relationship. This article discusses the complex interaction of ethics, society, and law through a historical and practical perspective. The purpose is to provide general dentists and specialists with a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and practical dimensions of informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M. Jameson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Sandra K. Al‐Tarawneh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
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Carey C, Din ND, Lamb J, Wright H, Robb ND, Abuzar M. Survival of Single-Unit Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) and Metal Crowns Placed by Students at an Australian University Dental Clinic over a Five-Year Period. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9060060. [PMID: 34071165 PMCID: PMC8227166 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the survival rate of single-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and metal crowns placed by dental students at an Australian university undergraduate dental clinic over a five-year period. Complications and the incidences of crown failures were recorded. Clinical records pertaining to single-unit PFM and metal crowns inserted over a five-year period were reviewed, including patient-related, tooth-related, and procedural factors for each crown. Crowns were evaluated as surviving, surviving with complications, or failed. Kaplan–Meier statistical analysis was used to estimate survival rate., This study is based on a sample of 232 (78.4%) PFM crowns and 64 (21.6%) metal crowns inserted between 2014 and 2018. Cumulatively, 224 (75.7%) were surviving, 48 (16.2%) were surviving but previously had complications, and 24 (8.1%) failed. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of all PFM and metal crowns was 83.9% (0.839 ± 0.038, Kaplan–Meier). The average survival time for all crowns was 4.432 ± 0.089 years. Comparatively, PFM crowns had a higher survival rate at 1 year (0.972 ± 0.010) and 2 years (0.919 ± 0.017), compared to metal crowns at 1 year (0.964 ± 0.011) and 2 years (0.894± 0.018). The survival rate of metal crowns remained constant from 2 years to 4 years and thereafter, whereas there was a continued decline in the survival rate of PFM crowns to 83.2% (0.832 ± 0.038) at 4 years and thereafter. Crowns placed on premolars had the highest cumulative survival rate whereas those placed on molars exhibited the lowest survival rate for the duration of the study period. Despite single-unit PFM crowns having a higher 1- and 2-year survival rate compared to metal crowns, metal crowns had a higher survival rate at 4 years and thereafter. Survival rates are comparable to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carey
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Nick Del Din
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Jessica Lamb
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Hazel Wright
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Nigel D. Robb
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Menaka Abuzar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Aziz A, El-Mowafy O, Tenenbaum HC, Lawrence HP, Shokati B. Clinical performance of chairside monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramic CAD-CAM crowns. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:613-619. [PMID: 31565848 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical performance and the effect of various patient and provider-related factors on the longevity of chairside monolithic posterior lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) computer-aided design (CAD)-computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) crowns provided by predoctoral students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of posterior LDGC CAD-CAM crowns was evaluated. Crown preparations were milled chairside using the CEREC Omnicam system and cemented with Rely-X Unicem or Calibra Universal resin cements. Clinical assessment of the crowns and supporting periodontal structures was performed using the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Intraoral photographs as well as radiographs were taken for further assessment by two evaluators. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 40 crowns were inserted in 32 patients and evaluated for 4 years. Three complications were observed (two-technical and one-biological). No chipping or fracture of crowns was observed. No significant association was found between age, sex, periodontal condition, tooth type, tooth vitality, cement type, and longevity. The 4-year cumulative survival and success rates were 95.0 and 92.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Chairside LDGC CAD-CAM crowns exhibited a high survival rate after 4 years in function and were shown to be a viable and reliable treatment option for posterior teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The high survival rate of chairside CAD-CAM crowns observed in this study suggests the likelihood of predictable performance in the predoctoral setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aziz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar El-Mowafy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herenia P Lawrence
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babak Shokati
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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von Stein-Lausnitz M, Reissmann DR, Roggendorf MJ, Sterzenbach G, Naumann M. Patients' self-report on post-retained restoration is more valuable than expected! Explorative analysis of an 11-year follow-up. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:33-38. [PMID: 30156134 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1497804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Assessment of long-term clinical data regarding post-endodontic restorations is essential for the evaluation of different post-and-core concepts. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of patient self-reporting on post-endodontic restorations after 11 years of clinical service.Materials and methods: Twenty-nine patients (61 ± 15 years old) with endodontic glass-fibre and titanium post-endodontic restorations were examined within the 11-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Restorations were assessed by self-reports during a telephone interview (one item), the completion of a four-item questionnaire and clinical and radiographic examination. A gold standard for restoration in situ or 'failure' was defined by clinical and radiographic examination. Diagnostic accuracy of patients' self-reports was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV).Results: After a mean observation time of 137 months (min/max: 125/154 months), 25 (86.2%) restorations were in situ and 4 (13.8%) failures were detected. Self-report during a telephone interview and the four-item questionnaire correctly identified all in situ restorations (specificity = both 100%, NPV = 92.6%/96.2%). Self-report during a telephone interview identified two out of four failures (sensitivity = 50%, PPV = 100%), and self-report on the four-item questionnaire identified three out of four failures (sensitivity = 75%, PPV = 100%).Conclusions: When the clinical examination is not feasible, patients' self-report shows valuable diagnostic potential in the identification of the post-endodontic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja von Stein-Lausnitz
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sterzenbach
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Berlin, Germany
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Báez A, Durán G, de Nordenflycht D, Fuentes M. Anterior composite resin crown in an adverse situation: A dental technique with a 3-year follow-up. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 121:13-16. [PMID: 30017149 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endodontically treated teeth often exhibit severe coronal structure loss. Given the reversibility and tissue conservation of adhesive procedures, a conservative approach using an indirect resin crown with an adhesively cemented custom fiber-reinforced composite resin post provided a predictable and esthetic solution. The 24-hour and 3-year follow-ups of this technique showed good function, marginal adaptation, and esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Báez
- Chief Director, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Gerardo Durán
- Assistant Professor, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Diego de Nordenflycht
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mariana Fuentes
- Instructor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Wong CKK, Narvekar U, Petridis H. Prosthodontic Complications of Metal-Ceramic and All-Ceramic, Complete-Arch Fixed Implant Prostheses with Minimum 5 Years Mean Follow-Up Period. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e722-e735. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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10
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Becker W, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 114:756-809. [PMID: 26611624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Donovan
- Chair, Committee on Scientific Investigation, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry (AARD); and Professor and Chair for Biomaterials, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Riccardo Marzola
- Adjunct Professor, Fixed Implant Prosthodontics, University of Bologna; and Private practice, Ferrara, Italy
| | - William Becker
- Clinical Professor, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - David R Cagna
- Associate Dean, Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Dental Director, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisc
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