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Alfouzan AF, Tuwaym M, Aldaghri EN, Alojaymi T, Alotiabi HM, Taweel SMA, Al-Otaibi HN, Ali R, Alshehri H, Labban N. Efficacy of Denture Cleansers on Microbial Adherence and Surface Topography of Conventional and CAD/CAM-Processed Denture Base Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020460. [PMID: 36679340 PMCID: PMC9866049 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of five denture cleansers on the microbial adherence and surface topography of conventional and CAD/CAM denture base resins. Acrylic resin discs were fabricated using conventional, milling, and 3D printing methods (N = 180). The discs were contaminated with dual species of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilm for 72 h and then disinfected with either of the denture cleansers (Fittydent cleansing tablets, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (n = 10). Distilled water served as the control group. The colony-forming units of the microorganisms were calculated, followed by post-treatment surface roughness. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and post hoc Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Among the denture cleansers, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite had the best cleansing effect on the resin discs and demonstrated zero growth of colonies for both the species. Comparing the material groups, the 3D-processed discs showed higher colony-forming units followed by the conventional and CAD/CAM milled group. The highest surface roughness was demonstrated by the 3D-printed discs (0.690 ± 0.08 μm), followed by the conventional (0.493 ± 0.11 μm) and the milled groups (0.301 ± 0.08 μm). The tested chemical denture cleansers affected the Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion compared to control discs immersed in distilled water. The clinician may recommend to their patient to use 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for the disinfection of CAD/CAM PMMA denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan F. Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Malath Tuwaym
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihal N. Aldaghri
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tagreed Alojaymi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Minife Alotiabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M. Al Taweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan N. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Hayashi H, Naiki Y, Murakami M, Oishi A, Takeuchi R, Nakagawa M, Kimoto S, Hasegawa Y, Araki A. Effects of cleaning sports mouthguards with ethylene-vinyl acetate on oral bacteria. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14480. [PMID: 36523462 PMCID: PMC9745906 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sports mouthguards, worn in the oral cavity to prevent sports injuries, are constantly exposed to various microorganisms that cause oral infections. Hence, the optimal cleaning methods for sports mouthguards have been thoroughly examined. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of cleaning effects with a mouthguard cleaner (MC) on microbial biofilm formation in sports mouthguards in vitro and in vivo. Methods We evaluated the cleaning effects of the discs produced by ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) on bacterial biofilms formed by the commensal bacterium Streptococcus oralis, the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans, and the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. EVA discs with biofilm were subjected to sterile distilled water (CTRL) and ultrasonic washing (UW), followed by treatment with MC and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as positive controls. Thereafter, the viable bacterial cell counts were determined. The bacteria adhering to the sheets before and after the treatment were observed under an electron microscope. The degree of cleanliness and measurement of viable microbial cell counts for total bacteria, Streptococci and Candida, opportunistic fungi, were evaluated on the used experimental sports mouthguards with and without UW and MC treatment in vivo. Results The number of bacterial cells significantly decreased against all the tested biofilm bacteria upon treatment with MC, compared with CTRL and UW. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the biofilm formation by all bacteria on the EVA discs before cleaning. We observed fewer bacteria on the EVA discs treated with MC than those treated with CTRL and UW. Furthermore, the degree of cleanliness of the used experimental sports mouthguards cleaned using MC was significantly higher than that of the CTRL-treated mouthguards. Moreover, the viable microbial cell counts on the used experimental sports mouthguard were considerably lower than those on the CTRL ones. Conclusion The cleaning effect of MC against oral bacteria was more effective than that of UW. MC treatment might have a potential future application as a cleaning method for sports mouthguards to protect athletes from oral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Naiki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Oishi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rihoko Takeuchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akizumi Araki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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The effects of three disinfection protocols on Candida spp., denture stomatitis, and biofilm: A parallel group randomized controlled trial. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:690-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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