1
|
Corte-Real A, Ribeiro R, Machado R, Silva AM, Nunes T. Digital intraoral and radiologic records in forensic identification: Match with disruptive technology. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112104. [PMID: 38936201 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
While clinical dentistry has seamlessly integrated the digital revolution, there is a gap in the technological capabilities of forensic dentistry.The study aimed to compare the superimposition accuracy of two different three-dimensional record formats, namely the intraoral scanner and cone beam computer tomography, in the context of forensic identification.The sample consisted of randomly selected adults (n=10) of both sexes aged between 20 and 50 years. Following the acquisition of data using the Medit i700 wireless scanner and the iCAT Tomograph with InVivo software, the records were analysed and compared through superimposition using Medit Scan Clinic software to assess the technical precision of anatomical identification details.The results obtained through the superimposition of dental and bone records following intra- and inter-observer analysis enabled an accurate comparison and identification of an individual. This method can differentiate between positive and negative matches, achieving exclusion results and offering a potential solution to overcoming the absence of a standardisation procedure in human identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corte-Real
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Machado
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Mafalda Silva
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Nunes
- University of Coimbra, Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jamjoom FZ, Aldghim A, Aldibasi O, Yilmaz B. In vitro evaluation of the impact of intraoral scanner, scanning aids, and the scanned arch on the scan accuracy of edentulous arches. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38953541 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of complete maxillary and mandibular edentulous arch scans obtained using two different intraoral scanners (IOSs), with and without scanning aids, and to compare these results to those obtained using conventional impression methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two IOSs were used (TRIOS 4 [TRI] and Emerald S [EMR]) to scan maxillary and mandibular typodonts. The typodonts were scanned without scanning aids [TRI_WSA and EMR_WSA groups] (n = 10). The typodonts were then scanned under four scanning aid conditions (n = 10): composite markers [TRI_MRK and EMR_MRK groups], scanning spray [TRI_SPR and EMR_SPR groups], pressure indicating paste [TRI_PIP and EMR_PIP groups], and liquid-type scanning aid [TRI_LQD and EMR_LQD groups]. Conventional impressions of both arches were also made using irreversible hydrocolloids in stock trays [IHC] and using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material in custom trays (n = 10) which were digitized using a laboratory scanner. Using a metrology software program, all scans were compared to a reference scan in order to assess trueness and to each other to assess precision. Trueness and precision were expressed as the root mean square (RMS) of the absolute deviation values and the statistical analysis was modeled on a logarithmic scale using fixed-effects models to meet model assumptions (α = 0.05). RESULTS The main effect of arch (p = 0.004), scanner (p < 0.001), scanning aid (p = 0.041), and the interaction between scanner and scanning aid (p = 0.027) had a significant effect on mean RMS values of trueness. The arch (p = 0.015) and scanner (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mean RMS values of precision. The maxillary arch had better accuracy compared to the mandible. The TRIOS 4 scanner had better accuracy than both the Emerald S scanner and conventional impressions. The Emerald S had better precision than conventional impressions. The scanning spray and liquid-type scanning aids produced the best trueness with the TRIOS 4 scanner, while the liquid-type scanning aid and composite markers produced the best trueness for the Emerald S scanner. CONCLUSION The scanned arch and the type of scanner had a significant effect on the accuracy of digital scans of completely edentulous arches. The scanning aid had a significant effect on the trueness of digital scans of completely edentulous arches which varied depending on the scanner used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faris Z Jamjoom
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adhwaa Aldghim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Aldibasi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Özcivelek T, Kılıçarslan MA. Full digital workflow of a 2-piece obturator with polyetherketoneketone in a patient with maxillectomy and trismus: A clinical and laboratory report. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:346-351. [PMID: 37487802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing of a 2-piece definitive palatal obturator 3D printed from polyetherketoneketone and 2 acrylic resins with a fully digital workflow are presented for a patient who was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma and who developed severely limited mouth opening after surgery and radiotherapy. The 18-month follow-up period revealed satisfactory function, tissue compatibility, retention, and esthetics for this patient with a maxillectomy and severe trismus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğgen Özcivelek
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ali Kılıçarslan
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Son K, Jin MU, Lee KB. Feasibility of using an intraoral scanner for a complete arch digital scan, part 2: A comparison of scan strategies. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:341-349. [PMID: 34172264 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Various strategies for intraoral scanners (IOSs) can be used to scan the oral cavity. However, research on the scan range that can be clinically is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the 3-dimensional (3D) distortion of complete arch scans as part of the scan strategy and analyze the clinically recommended scan range. MATERIAL AND METHODS A computer-aided design (CAD) reference model was obtained with an industrial scanner. A CAD test model was obtained by using 6 IOSs (TRIOS2, TRIOS3, CS3500, CS3600, i500, and Primescan) to apply 2 scan strategies and 2 dental laboratory scanners (DOF and E1) (N=15). All the teeth were segmented in the reference model by using 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). The 3D analysis was performed by aligning the test model to the reference model and evaluating the root mean square values of all segmented teeth. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed for a statistical comparison of the 2 scan strategies (α=.05), the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) was used to compare the scanners, and the Mann-Whitney U-test and Bonferroni correction method were used as post hoc tests (α=.0017). RESULTS The 8 scanners obtained significant differences in the root mean square values of all teeth (P<.001). The root mean square value of IOSs increased from the left maxillary second molar to the right maxillary second molar. The difference in the 2 scan strategies showed different patterns depending on the IOS. CONCLUSIONS Scan strategy 2 improved the accuracy of the IOSs. TRIOS2 and CS3500 are for single crowns; TRIOS3, CS3600, and i500 are for short-span prostheses; and Primescan is for long-span prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KeunBaDa Son
- Doctoral student, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Uk Jin
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carosi P, Lorenzi C, Di Gianfilippo R, Papi P, Laureti A, Wang HL, Arcuri C. Immediate vs. Delayed Placement of Immediately Provisionalized Self-Tapping Implants: A Non-Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial with 1 Year of Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020489. [PMID: 36675417 PMCID: PMC9861545 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the clinical and esthetic outcomes of immediately provisionalized self-tapping implants placed in extraction sockets or healed edentulous ridges one year after treatment. Sixty patients in need of a single implant-supported restoration were treated with self-tapping implants (Straumann BLX) and immediate provisionalization. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) and insertion torque were recorded intraoperatively. After one year in function, the implant and prosthesis survival rate, pink esthetic score (PES), white esthetic score (WES), and marginal bone levels (MBL) were assessed. Sixty patients received 60 self-tapping implants. A total of 37 implants were placed in extraction sockets and 23 in edentulous ridges, and then all implants were immediately provisionalized. All implants achieved a high implant stability with a mean insertion torque and ISQ value of 58.1 ± 14.1 Ncm and 73.6 ± 8.1 Ncm, respectively. No significant differences were found between healed vs. post-extractive sockets (p = 0.716 and p = 0.875), or between flap vs. flapless approaches (p = 0.862 and p = 0.228) with regards to the insertion torque and ISQ value. Nonetheless, higher insertion torque values and ISQs were recorded for mandibular implants (maxilla vs. mandible, insertion torque: 55.30 + 11.25 Ncm vs. 62.41 + 17.01 Ncm, p = 0.057; ISQ: 72.05 + 8.27 vs. 76.08 + 7.37, p = 0.058). One implant did not osseointegrate, resulting in an implant survival rate of 98.3%. All implants achieved PES and WES scores higher than 12 at the 1-year follow-up. The clinical use of newly designed self-tapping implants with immediate temporization was safe and predictable. The implants achieved a good primary stability, high implant survival rate, and favorable radiographic and esthetic outcomes, regardless of the immediate or delayed placement protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carosi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, PhD in Materials for Health, Environment and Energy–Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Lorenzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, PhD in Materials for Health, Environment and Energy–Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Gianfilippo
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Piero Papi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laureti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, PhD in Materials for Health, Environment and Energy–Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claudio Arcuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou X, Xu X, Zhao M, Kong J, Wang M, Lee ES, Jia Q, Jiang HB. An overview of three-dimensional imaging devices in dentistry. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:1179-1196. [PMID: 35968802 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review four types of three-dimensional imaging devices: intraoral scanners, extraoral scanners, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and facial scanners, in terms of their development, technologies, advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, influencing factors, and applications in dentistry. METHODS PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar databases were searched. Additionally, the scanner manufacturers' websites were accessed to obtain relevant data. Four authors independently selected the articles, books, and websites. To exclude duplicates and scrutinize the data, they were uploaded to Mendeley Data. In total, 135 articles, two books, and 17 websites were included. RESULTS Research and clinical practice have shown that oral and facial scanners and CBCT can be used widely in various areas of dentistry with high accuracy. CONCLUSION Although further advancement of these devices is desirable, there is no doubt that digital technology represents the future of dentistry. Furthermore, the combined use of different devices may bring dentistry into a new era. These four devices will play a significant role in clinical utility with high accuracy. The combined use of these devices should be explored further. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The four devices will play a significant role in clinical use with high accuracy. The combined use of these devices should be explored further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Hou
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menghua Zhao
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawen Kong
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchang Wang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Flapless Implant Placement by Means of Mucosa-Supported Templates in Complete-Arch Restorations: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041462. [PMID: 35208002 PMCID: PMC8880344 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the current scientific literature regarding the accuracy of fully guided flapless implant positioning for complete-arch rehabilitations in edentulous patients and to assess if there was any statistically significant correlation between linear deviation at shoulder point, at apex point and angular deviation. The electronic and manual literature search of clinical studies was carried out using specified indexing terms. A total of 13 studies were eligible for qualitative analysis and 277 edentulous patients were rehabilitated with 1556 implants patients by means of fully guided mucosa-supported template-assisted flapless surgery. Angular deviation was 3.42° (95% CI 2.82–4.03), linear deviation at shoulder point 1.23 mm (95% CI 0.97–1.49) and linear deviation at apex point 1.46 mm (95% CI 1.17–1.74). No statistically significant correlations were found between the linear and angular deviations. A statistically significant correlation was found between the two linear deviations (correlation coefficient 0.91) that can be summarized by the regression equation y = 0.03080 + 0.8254x. Computer-assisted flapless implant placement by means of mucosa-supported templates in complete arch restorations can be considered a reliable and predictable treatment choice despite the potential effects that flapless approach could bring to the overall treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Arcuri L, Lio F, Campana V, Mazzetti V, Federici FR, Nardi A, Galli M. Influence of Implant Scanbody Wear on the Accuracy of Digital Impression for Complete-Arch: A Randomized In Vitro Trial. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030927. [PMID: 35160873 PMCID: PMC8838002 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant scanbody (ISB) wear on the accuracy of digital impression for complete-arch. A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) edentulous mandibular model with four internal hexagonal interlocking conical connections was scanned with an extraoral optical scanner to achieve a reference file. Four cylindrical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) ISBs were scanned 30 times with IOS, and the test files were aligned to the reference file with a best-fit algorithm. For each analog linear (ΔX, ΔY and ΔZ-axis) and angular deviations (ΔANGLE) were assessed. Euclidean distance (ΔEUC) was calculated from the linear deviation, reporting a mean of 82 µm (SD 61) ranging from 8 to 347 µm. ΔANGLE error mean was 0.33° (SD 0.20), ranging from 0.02 to 0.92°. From a multivariate analysis, when ΔEUC was considered as a response variable, a significant influence of ISB wear by scan number in interaction to position for implant 3.6 was identified (p < 0.0001); when ΔANGLE was considered as a response variable, a significant effect of position 3.6 was recorded ((p < 0.0001). The obtained results showed that the ISB wear negatively influenced the accuracy of IOS, suggesting that ISB base wear could be detrimental for the seating of ISBs on angulated implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Arcuri
- Materials for Health, Environment and Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Lio
- Materials for Health, Environment and Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Vincenzo Mazzetti
- Materials for Health, Environment and Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Romana Federici
- Innovative Technologies in Skeletal, Skin and Oro-Cranio-Facial Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Nardi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conejo J, Dayo AF, Syed AZ, Mupparapu M. The Digital Clone: Intraoral Scanning, Face Scans and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Integration for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. Dent Clin North Am 2021; 65:529-553. [PMID: 34051929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to synthesize different technologies that are available for the creation of a virtual patient, "the digital clone" because the data can be used for diagnosis as well as treatment planning. The role of facial scans, 3-dimensional intraoral scans as well as the cone beam computed tomography in the creation of a digital clone is discussed in detail. A step-by-step guide is created for the reader for integration of the intraoral scan data with the cone beam computed tomography Dicom data to create a digital clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Conejo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, Suite #350, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adeyinka F Dayo
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, 240 S 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 10104, USA
| | - Ali Z Syed
- Admitting & Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinics, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, CWRU School of Dental Medicine, Office # 245 C, 9601 Chester Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mel Mupparapu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 S 40th Street, Suite 214, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coachman C, Blatz MB, Bohner L, Sesma N. Dental software classification and dento-facial interdisciplinary planning platform. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:99-106. [PMID: 33470496 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite all advantages provided by the digital workflow, its application in clinical practice is still more focused on device manufacturing and clinical execution than on treatment planning and communication. The most challenging phases of treatment, comprehensive planning, diagnosis, risk assessment, and decision-making, are still performed without significant assistance from digital technologies. This article proposes a new dental software classification based on the digital workflow timeline, considering the moment of patient's case acceptance as key in this classification, and presents the ideal software tools for each phase. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS The proposed classification will help clinicians and dental laboratories to choose the most appropriate software during the treatment planning phase and integrate virtual plans with other software platforms for digitally guided execution. A dento-facial interdisciplinary planning platform virtually simulates interdisciplinary clinical procedures and assists in the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS The suggested classification assists professionals in different phases of the digital workflow and provides guidelines for improvement and development of digital technologies before treatment plan acceptance by the patient. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Three-dimensional interdisciplinary simulations allow clinicians to visualize how each dental procedure influences further treatments. With this treatment planning approach, predictability of different procedures in restorative dentistry, orthodontics, implant dentistry, periodontal, and oral maxillofacial surgery is improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Coachman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Markus Bernhard Blatz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Bohner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Newton Sesma
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|