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Ali SA, Abozaed HW, Jazar HA, Mostafa AZH. Surface hardness and wear resistance of prefabricated and CAD-CAM milled artificial teeth: A cross-over clinical study. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38855812 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clinically evaluate the surface roughness and wear resistance of prefabricated and CAD-CAM milled acrylic resin teeth for complete dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-over study design, 10 completely edentulous patients were randomly included in this study and given two complete dentures. The first complete denture was made using prefabricated teeth, while the second was constructed using CAD-CAM milled teeth. Following insertion (T0), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6), the complete dentures were scanned. Utilizing 3D surface super-imposition techniques, the vertical (2D wear), and volumetric (3D wear) material loss were measured. The hardness of the teeth was evaluated at the time of denture insertion (T0) and then after 6 months (T6) of denture insertion by digital Vickers hardness tester. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Paired groups were compared by paired t-test. Also, a repeated measure test was used. The significant difference was considered if p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The time of denture function was linearly correlated with the wear of the prefabricated and CAD-CAM milled denture tooth. Prefabricated acrylic teeth had significantly more vertical and volumetric wear after 3 and 6 months, compared to CAD-CAM milled denture teeth where p-values were 0.01, 0.009, 0.003, and 0.024, respectively. Additionally, CAD-CAM milled teeth displayed significantly higher hardness values than prefabricated teeth both before and after 6 months of use where p-values were 0.001. After 6 months, all studied teeth showed a decrease in their hardness. CONCLUSIONS In terms of wear resistance and surface hardness, CAD-CAM milled acrylic resin teeth were superior to prefabricated acrylic resin artificial teeth once the complete denture functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abdelaal Ali
- External Residence of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Wageh Abozaed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husn A Jazar
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aisha Z H Mostafa
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Raffaini JC, Soares EJ, Oliveira RFDL, Vivanco RG, Amorim AA, Pereira ALC, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of artificial aging on mechanical and physical properties of CAD-CAM PMMA resins for occlusal splints. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:227-237. [PMID: 37936836 PMCID: PMC10625884 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.5.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess and compare the color stability, flexural strength (FS), and surface roughness of occlusal splints fabricated from heat-cured acrylic resin, milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based resin, and 3D-printed (PMMA) based-resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of each type of resin were obtained, and baseline measurements of color and surface roughness were recorded. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10) and subjected to distinct aging protocols: thermomechanical cycling (TMC), simulated brushing (SB), and control (without aging). Final assessments of color and surface roughness and three-point bending test (ODM100; Odeme) were conducted, and data were statistically analyzed (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, P <.05). RESULTS Across all resin types, the most significant increase in surface roughness (Ra) was observed after TMC (P < .05), with the 3D-printed resin exhibiting the lowest Ra (P < .05). After brushing, milled resin displayed the highest Ra (P < .05) and greater color alteration (ΔE00) compared to 3D-printed resin. The most substantial ΔE00 was recorded after brushing for all resins, except for heat-cured resin subjected to TMC. Regardless of aging, milled resin exhibited the highest FS (P < .05), except when compared to 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC. Heat-cured resin exposed to TMC demonstrated the lowest FS, different (P < .05) from the control. Under control conditions, milled resin exhibited the highest FS, different (P < .05) from the brushed group. 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC displayed the highest FS (P < .05). CONCLUSION Among the tested resins, 3D-printed resin demonstrated superior longevity, characterized by minimal surface roughness and color alterations. Aging had a negligible impact on its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Correa Raffaini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jose Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Franco de Lima Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mahrous AA, Alhammad A, Alqahtani F, Aljar Y, Alkadi A, Taymour N, Alotaibi A, Akhtar S, Gad MM. The Toothbrushing Effects on Surface Properties and Color Stability of CAD/CAM and Pressable Ceramic Fixed Restorations-An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2950. [PMID: 37109785 PMCID: PMC10142931 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pressable ceramic restorations have been introduced and investigated, and found comparable to CAD/CAM ceramic in terms of mechanical properties; however, the effect of toothbrushing on the pressable ceramic has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of artificial toothbrushing simulation on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of different ceramic materials. Three lithium disilicate-based ceramics (IPS Emax CAD [EC], IPS Emax Press [EP]; (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and LiSi Press [LP] (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan)) were examined. For each ceramic material, eight bar-shaped specimens were prepared and subjected to 10,000 brushing cycles. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability (∆E) were measured before and after brushing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface profile analysis. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired sample t-test α = 0.05. The findings revealed a non-significant decrease in the surface roughness of EC, EP, and LP groups (p > 0.05), and both LP and EP have the lowest surface roughness values (0.64 ± 0.13, 0.64 ± 0.08 µm) after brushing, respectively. Toothbrushing showed a decrease in the microhardness of the three groups: EC and LP, p < 0.001; EP, p = 0.012). EP showed the lowest hardness value after brushing (862.45 ± 273.83). No significant changes (∆E) were observed in all groups (p > 0.05); however, the EC group was found to be considerably affected by color changes, in comparison to the EC and LP groups. Toothbrushing had no effect on surface roughness and color stability of all tested materials, but it decreased the microhardness. Material type, surface treatments, and glazing of ceramic materials contributed to the surface changes in the ceramic materials, necessitating further investigations in terms of the toothbrushing effect with different glazing as variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A. Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alhammad
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Faisal Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yousif Aljar
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alkadi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulkareem Alotaibi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
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Oh SH, Jung YS, Lee MJ. Assessment of Zinc-Bound Phosphate-Based Glass-Coated Denture-Relining Material with Antifungal Efficacy for Inhibiting Denture Stomatitis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3048. [PMID: 36080085 PMCID: PMC9457723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the surface properties, biocompatibility, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans of a denture-relining material coated with zinc-bound phosphate-based glass. First, zinc-bound phosphate-based glass was fabricated. A polymerized denture-relining disk was coated with zinc-bound phosphate-based glass (2%, 4%, and 6%). The surface properties of the control and experimental groups were measured, including the wettability, microhardness, color difference, and gloss. The biocompatibility was evaluated using the MTT assay according to ISO 10993-5. The antifungal activity was investigated by counting the number of colony-forming units of Candida albicans. The results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that, despite the antimicrobial effect of zinc-bound phosphate-based glass, a coated denture-relining material does not degrade the surface properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, this novel material is considered promising for use as a dental material with antimicrobial properties that can potentially prevent denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hwan Oh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Korea
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Roser CJ, Rückschloß T, Zenthöfer A, Rammelsberg P, Lux CJ, Rues S. Orthodontic shear bond strength and ultimate load tests of CAD/CAM produced artificial teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7149-7155. [PMID: 35982349 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether artificial CAD/CAM processed (computer-aided design/manufacturing) teeth could be a feasible option for the production of dental in vitro models for biomechanical testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disks (n = 10 per group) made from two different CAD/CAM-materials, one fiber-reinforced composite (FRC; Trinia, Bicon) and one polymethylmethacrylate-based resin (PMMA; Telio CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent), as well as bovine teeth (n = 10), were tested for their shear bond strength (SBS) and scored according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). In addition, CAD/CAM-manufactured lower incisor teeth were tested for their ultimate load (Fu). RESULTS With regard to SBS, both PMMA (17.4 ± 2.2 MPa) and FRC (18.0 ± 2.4 MPa) disks showed no significant difference (p = 0.968) compared to bovine disks (18.0 ± 5.4 MPa). However, the samples differed with regard to their failure mode (PMMA: ARI 4, delamination failure; FRC: ARI 0 and bovine: ARI 1.6, both adhesive failure). With regard to Fu, FRC-based teeth could withstand significantly higher loads (708 ± 126 N) than PMMA-based teeth (345 ± 109 N) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Unlike PMMA-based teeth, teeth made from FRC showed sufficiently high fracture resistance and comparable SBS. Thus, FRC teeth could be a promising alternative for the production of dental in vitro models for orthodontic testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CAD/CAM-processed teeth made from FRC enable the use of standardized geometry and constant material properties. Using FRC teeth in dental in vitro studies has therefore the potential to identify differences between various treatment options with rather small sample sizes, while remaining close to the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Roser
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Rückschloß
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lux
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tieh MT, Waddell JN, Choi JJE. Optical and mechanical properties of conventional, milled and 3D-printed denture teeth. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105061. [PMID: 34963102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate the effect of various liquids on the optical properties and Vickers hardness of conventional, milled and 3D-printed denture teeth. METHODS Six different types of denture teeth (Maxillary anteriors of three different conventional teeth, Vivodent DCL, SR Phonares II, Vita Physiodens; milled teeth, IvotionDent; and two different 3D-printed teeth, Asiga DentaTooth and NextDent C&B MFH) were investigated (total n = 336). The labial surface of each specimen was prepared to a dimension of 10 × 5 × 3mm. Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva, coffee, red wine and denture cleaner with artificial aging to simulate denture use of 12 and 24 months in vivo. Measurements of translucency parameter (TP), shade change (ΔE), surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers hardness (VHN) were conducted at baseline and after artificial aging while immersed in the liquids at each timeframe. Data were statistically analysed by ANOVA and post-hoc test (SPSS Ver 27). Surfaces of specimens were analysed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Milled teeth had the highest overall translucency parameter (5.33 ± 0.76-7.3 ± 0.99). All materials had statistically significant change in translucency parameter and shade after 24 months simulated aging (p < 0.05), especially the milled and 3D-printed teeth (p < 0.01). Surface roughness of all materials were under plaque accumulation threshold Ra = 0.2 μm. At baseline, Vita Physiodens teeth (PMMA with microfillers) demonstrated the highest hardness (33.99 kgf/mm2±3.7), whereas both 3D-printed materials exhibited the lowest hardness (13.27 kgf/mm2±0.36-18.13 kgf/mm2±0.93). Artificial saliva, red wine and denture cleaner had a statistically significant impact (p < 0.05) on hardness of all materials (12.1 kgf/mm2±1.17-30.77 kgf/mm2±2.98). CONCLUSIONS Milled teeth exhibited the best optical properties (highest overall translucency parameter and lowest shade change). Milled teeth were also the only material that showed colour change (ΔE values) within clinically acceptable limits. Denture cleaner had the most impact on optical and mechanical properties of all materials. Surface roughness and hardness of 3D-printed teeth had the most change after artificial aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ting Tieh
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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