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Zhou X, Guo J, Wu H, Chen D, Wang C, You J. The Relationship between Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:90-106. [PMID: 36282550 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2134068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a significant mental health concern for adolescents. Previous empirical studies have shown that ambivalence over emotional expression is positively associated with negative emotions and behaviors. However, little is known about the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI among adolescents. Therefore, this study used a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI among Chinese adolescents, and also to explore the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. METHOD A total of 1,672 students (45.8% males; Mage = 16.12 years, SD = 1.56) in a middle school in Guangzhou were tracked. The investigation was conducted twice, with an interval of 6 months. RESULTS Ambivalence over emotional expression was positively correlated with NSSI. After controlling for gender and baseline NSSI, anxiety symptoms fully mediated the association between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI. In addition, the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI was moderated by NSSI refusal self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that to decrease ambivalence over emotional expression, to reduce anxiety symptoms, and to promote NSSI refusal self-efficacy may be useful for interventions and preventions of NSSI.HIGHLIGHTSTested the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI in adolescents.Examined a moderated-mediation model over six months.Found the mediated effect of anxiety symptoms and moderated effect of NSSI refusal self-efficacy in the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI.
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Emotion profiles of university students engaging in non-suicidal self-injury: Association with functions of self-injury and other mental health concerns. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114253. [PMID: 34743063 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated emotion profiles among undergraduate students with lived experience of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and their associations with different NSSI functions and other dysregulated behaviors, including risky drinking, symptoms of borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and stress. A sample of 270 undergraduate students (84% female, Mage = 21.5 years) with a history of self-injury completed well-validated measures of self-injury, emotion regulation, alexithymia, coping strategies and of other dysregulated behaviors. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to extract emotion profiles from the data. Analyses of variance were used to test associations between emotion profiles, demographic factors, functions of NSSI and comorbid dysregulated behaviors. A three-cluster solution was supported. Similar characteristics were presented regarding difficulties in emotion regulation and alexithymia between the considerate emotion difficulties and the passive moderate emotion difficulties groups, although they demonstrated different associations with the functions of NSSI and other dysregulating behaviors. This emphasizes the importance of investigating the type of coping strategies used during functional assessment to inform future treatment. The group reporting no emotion difficulties engaged in more adaptive coping strategies compared to the others. These emotion profiles and their association with NSSI functions could be used to develop more person-centered interventions for NSSI.
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Roy C, Castonguay A, Fortin M, Drolet C, Franche-Choquette G, Dumais A, Lafortune D, Bernard P, Geoffrion S. The Use of Restraint and Seclusion in Residential Treatment Care for Youth: A Systematic Review of Related Factors and Interventions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:318-338. [PMID: 31122160 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019843196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Children placed in residential treatment centers (RTCs) typically present challenging behavior including aggression. In this context, restraint and seclusion (R&S) are seen as "last resort" strategies for educators to manage youth aggression. The use of R&S is controversial, as they can lead to psychological and physical consequences for both the client and the care provider and have yet to be empirically validated as therapeutic. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify the factors related to R&S use in RTCs for youth and to review the interventions aiming to reduce the use of R&S. The identification of these factors is the first step to gaining a better understanding of the decision-making process leading to the use of R&S and ultimately to reducing the use of these strategies to a minimum. Thus, the present systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycNET for articles published between 2002 and 2017. Key words used were synonyms of R&S, youth, and RTCs. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria: must report on factors affecting the use of R&S in RTCs, must be conducted in RTCs for youth under the age of 21, and must report on original and empirical data. Factors related to the characteristics of the client, the care provider, and the environment, as well as to the implementation of programs for the reduction of R&S, were found to influence the use of R&S in RTCs. A conceptual model is presented. The implementation of programs to reduce R&S use is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roy
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariane Castonguay
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Fortin
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Drolet
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Franche-Choquette
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Research Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Philippe Pinel Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Lafortune
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Criminology, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Research Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- School of Psychoeducation, 5622University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, 26612Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Institute for Troubled Youth, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Profiles of Emotion Dysregulation Among University Students Who Self-Injure: Associations with Parent-Child Relationships and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Characteristics. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:767-787. [PMID: 33449284 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
More research is needed to understand the different vulnerability profiles of university students who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study sought to classify university students (n = 479; 83.8% female) aged 17-25 years (M = 18.77; SD = 1.42) who had engaged in NSSI within the past year into latent profiles based on their self-perceived difficulties in regulating both positive and negative emotions. Independent samples of students who had a past history of NSSI but had not self-injured within the previous year (n = 439; 82.9% females; Mage = 19.03, SD = 1.62) and who had no history of NSSI (n = 1551; 69.9% females; Mage = 19.02, SD = 1.55) were recruited for comparison purposes. Latent cluster analyses revealed three emotion regulation profiles within the NSSI sample-the Average Difficulties (47.4%), Dysregulated (33.0%), and Low Difficulties (19.6%) profiles-each of which differed meaningfully from both comparison samples on mean emotion regulation difficulties. Students across profiles also differed in their self-reported experiences with parents, particularly with fathers (pressure, antipathy, unresolved attachment, psychological control), and in the extent to which they felt alienated from parents. Lastly, students across profiles differed in the frequency, methods, functions, and addictive properties of their NSSI. Findings highlight that university students who self-injure experience distinct patterns of difficulties with emotion regulation, which are associated with variation in parent-child relational risk factors and NSSI outcomes.
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