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Zhang M, Nie Q, Ye W, Wang Y, Yang Z, Teng Z. Longitudinal Dynamic Relationships Between Videogame Use and Symptoms of Gaming Disorder and Depression Among Chinese Children and Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02068-6. [PMID: 39133422 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown a close relationship between gaming disorder and depressive symptoms, few have measured normal videogame use, symptoms of gaming disorder, and depressive symptoms concurrently. The longitudinal dynamics between these variables remain unclear. This study used two demographic cohorts to examine the longitudinal relationship between gaming and depressive symptoms: children (n = 1513, 46.9% girls, Mage ± SD = 9.63 ± 0.58 years) and adolescents (n = 1757, 48.5% girls, Mage ± SD = 12.55 ± 0.70 years). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were employed to distinguish between within- and between-person levels of gaming and depressive symptoms. The RI-CLPM results showed a stable link between symptoms of gaming disorder and depression at the between-person level for both children and adolescents. At the within-person level, among children, depressive symptoms positively predicted subsequent gaming disorder symptoms, but gaming disorder symptoms were not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms at this level. Among adolescents, there was no significant cross-lagged effect between symptoms of gaming disorder and depression at the within-person level. Additionally, there was no significant cross-lagged effect between normal videogame use and depressive symptoms in either cohort. These results highlight the different effects of normal videogame use and gaming disorder symptoms associated with depressive symptoms. The different effects on children and adolescents underscore the importance of considering the different developmental stages in the study of gaming and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Nie
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Ye
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaojun Teng
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Pehlivanturk Kizilkan M, Akgul S, Kanbur N, Gungoren O, Derman O. Problematic video gaming is negatively associated with bone mineral density in adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1455-1467. [PMID: 38165466 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent bone health may be negatively impacted by problematic video gaming (PVG) due to factors such as prolonged screen time, poor sleep quality, and increased depression. Although sedentary behaviors have been linked to decreased bone mass, there is limited research on how PVG impacts bone health. We aimed to evaluate the association between PVG and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents by comparing the BMD z-scores of adolescents with and without PVG and by identifying PVG-related risk factors that may affect low BMD scores. This cross-sectional study took place between May 2019 and August 2021 with 110 adolescents who played video games for at least two hours per day. Data on screen time, game genre, tobacco, alcohol, caffeine consumption, and vigorous physical activity status were recorded. PVG was assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), with scores ≤ 16 comprising the control group and > 16 the PVG group. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depression was evaluated by Children's Depression Inventory. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were compared between the two groups. The mean age of the participants was 14.2 ± 1.8 years, and 86.4% were males. The PVG group exhibited lower femoral neck z-scores (p = 0.013) and a higher proportion of adolescents with low femoral neck BMD risk (27.8% vs 9.7%, p = 0.041). Lumber spine z-scores did not differ (p = 0.271). Despite poorer depressive symptoms and sleep quality in the PVG group, they were not associated with low BMD risk (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.08, p = 0.398 and OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.87-1.18, p = 0.972, respectively). Among all PVG-related risk factors, video game time (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06-1.41, p = 0.006) and vigorous physical activity amount (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 0.93-8.76, p = 0.080) showed the strongest associations with femoral neck z-scores. Conclusion: The results of this study, showing a negative association between PVG and femoral neck BMD in adolescents, underscore the importance evaluating, monitoring, and supporting lower extremity bone health in adolescents with PVG. What is Known: • Adolescents with problematic video gaming are at risk for depression, impaired sleep; sedentary lifestyle; consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs; and high caffeine intake. • These risk factors might lead to compromised bone health. What is New: • Problematic video gaming is associated with the low femoral neck bone mineral density risk in adolescents. • Extended video game time and reduced physical activity are found to be the primary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinem Akgul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Gungoren
- Deparment of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Derman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gan X, Xiang GX, Qin KN, Li M, Jin X. Reconsidering depression and internet gaming disorder from positive youth development perspective: a longitudinal study in Chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang J, Yang SX, Wang L, Han LH, Wu XY. The influence of sedentary behaviour on mental health among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:90-114. [PMID: 35304232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews that have examined associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) and mental health among children and adolescents are mainly based on cross-sectional investigations. There is a lack of evidence for a prospective relationship between SB and mental health in children and adolescents. This systematic review synthesized longitudinal studies that examined prospective associations between SB and mental health among children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted computer searches for English language literature from electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Google scholar, and manually screened the references of existing relevant studies to select studies for the synthesis. We included observational longitudinal studies that assessed the association between SB and mental health among children and adolescents. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS In total, 58 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in the review. We found that higher SB among children and adolescents was associated with increased depression, anxiety and other mental health problems later in life. A dose-response association between SB and mental health was observed, suggesting that children and adolescents who spend more time on SB may have a higher risk of developing poorer mental health later. CONCLUSIONS The findings in the present study suggest that intervention programs targeting reducing SB may benefit to the prevention of poor mental health among children and adolescents. Future intervention studies especially randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate a causal relationship between SB and mental health among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Weifang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | | | - Liang Wang
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Li Hui Han
- The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu Yun Wu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Hong W, Jing Y, Liu RD, Ding Y, Wang J. Wean your child off video games: Using external rewards to undermine intrinsic motivation to play interesting video games. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hartanto A, Lua VY, Quek FY, Yong JC, Ng MH. A critical review on the moderating role of contextual factors in the associations between video gaming and well-being. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hu H, Zhang G, Yang X, Zhang H, Lei L, Wang P. Online Gaming Addiction and Depressive Symptoms Among Game Players of the Glory of the King in China: the Mediating Role of Affect Balance and the Moderating Role of Flow Experience. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ostinelli EG, Zangani C, Giordano B, Maestri D, Gambini O, D'Agostino A, Furukawa TA, Purgato M. Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 284:136-142. [PMID: 33592432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression has frequently been associated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), its epidemiological impact on this emerging condition has not been systematically assessed. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the available evidence focusing on depression and depressive symptoms in individuals with IGD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, GreyLit, OpenGrey, and ProQuest up to March 2020 for observational studies focusing on depression-related outcomes in IGD. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses on 1) rate of comorbid depression in IGD; 2) severity of depressive symptoms in IGD participants without depression. RESULTS We identified 92 studies from 25 different countries including 15,148 participants. 21 studies (n = 5025 participants) provided data for the first analysis, resulting in a pooled event rate of depression of 0.32 (95% Confidence Interval 0.21-0.43). The pooled Beck Depression Inventory scores in individuals without depression were suggestive of mild severity (13 studies, n = 508; 10.3, 95% Confidence Interval 8.3-12.4). LIMITATIONS The considerable inconsistency of methods employed across studies limits the transferability of these findings to clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in individuals with IGD varied considerably across studies, affecting approximately one out of three participants overall. Furthermore, a globally major severity of depressive symptoms was found in those without a clinical diagnosis of depression, compared to the general population. These findings confirm a relevant impact of mood disturbances in IGD. REGISTRATION DETAIL PROSPERO (CRD42018100823).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo G Ostinelli
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Maestri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Orsola Gambini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Departments of Health Promotion and Human Behavior and of Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Italy
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Tang S, Werner-Seidler A, Torok M, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H. The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102021. [PMID: 33798997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increase in time spent on screen-based technologies has been suggested to underlie recent increases in mental health problems among young people. However, this hypothesis has primarily been based on the findings of cross-sectional studies. The aim of the current review was to provide a comprehensive overview of longitudinal studies examining the relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms. PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to August 2020. Thirty-five studies, with sample sizes ranging from 126 to 12,866 participants, met inclusion criteria. The association between screen time and subsequent depressive symptoms was found to be small to very small in size. There was limited evidence of any reverse association between depressive symptoms and subsequent screen time. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms varied between different devices and uses. In contrast to depressive symptoms, evidence to support longitudinal associations between screen time and other internalising mental health symptoms, including anxiety, self-esteem, and general internalising problems, was lacking. Together, these results suggest that the impact of increased screen time on the prevalence of mental health problems among young people is likely to be negligible or small. Further longitudinal studies that examine screen content and motivations underlying screen use are required to better discern any relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tang
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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