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Robin M, Surjous L, Belbèze J, Bonnardel L, Varlet M, Silva J, Lamothe J, Essadek A, Falissard B, Cohen D, Corcos M. Influence of at-risk family interactions on the course of psychiatric care in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2847-2857. [PMID: 38305891 PMCID: PMC11272672 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dysparenting, referring to inappropriate parental attitudes, is a vulnerability factor for mental disorders during adolescence and a therapeutic leverage, yet clinicians lack reliable tools to assess it in daily clinical practice. Moreover, the effect of this dysparenting on the amount of psychiatric care remains unclear. The Family and Care study aims to develop the at-risk family interactions and levers (ARFIL) scale, a comprehensive 30-item clinical scale, and to assess in a cross-sectional design, the impact of these at-risk family interactions on the care of adolescents (n = 425) hospitalized in psychiatry and aged 13-19 years old. Factorial analysis shows that the ARFIL scale consists of three main dimensions associated with cohesion/conflicts, love/hostility, and autonomy/control with good psychometric properties. Multivariate regressions show that the ARFIL intensity score predicts the duration of hospital care, regardless of age, gender, medical severity on admission, assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the presence of maltreatment and psychiatric diagnoses. Moreover, the ARFIL diversity score (number of items present regardless of their severity) predicts both the number and duration of hospitalizations. At-risk family interactions are a determining dimension of psychiatric adolescent care, and the ARFIL scale could constitute a valuable tool, not only for holistic evaluation and treatment, but also for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robin
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France.
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM U1178, Team PsyDev, Villejuif, France.
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - L Surjous
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Belbèze
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - L Bonnardel
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - M Varlet
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J Silva
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J Lamothe
- Group for Research and Intervention on Children's Social Adjustment (GRISE), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - A Essadek
- Interpsy Laboratory, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - B Falissard
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM U1178, Team PsyDev, Villejuif, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - D Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Corcos
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Hu L, Hua Y, Wang L, Mao Z, Jia X, Lei Z, Chang D, Cheng W. Effect of Short-term Deep Breathing Exercises on Perioperative Anxiety and Pain in Pediatric Orthopedic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(24)00102-3. [PMID: 38980240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are currently no pediatric studies examining the effects of deep breathing on perioperative pain and anxiety. This study sought to determine the effect of short-term deep breathing exercises on perioperative anxiety and pain in pediatric patients and their parents. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery where pediatric patients about to undergo surgery were allocated to a control group or a deep breathing group. In the intervention group, patients and their main guardian were guided to practice 10 minutes of deep breathing exercises twice a day for 3 to 4 days prior to surgery. Perioperative anxiety and pain were measured for both the children and parents as outcome indicators. METHODS Perioperative anxiety was measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale-Short Form (mYPAS-SF) and state anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Patients reported their pain levels daily using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. The following cutoffs were determined as high levels of anxiety: STAI (adult) > 44, STAI (child) > 36, and mYPAS-SF ≥ 30. FINDINGS No significant differences were found in the STAI, mYPAS-SF, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale scores of the patients between the intervention and control group. Overall statistics showed that parents had significantly higher postoperative state anxiety levels toward female children (44.93 ± 9.01) compared to male children (40.18 ± 9.89). Preoperative and postoperative parental state anxiety levels were correlated with the child's postoperative anxiety. Furthermore, children's postoperative state anxiety was slightly correlated with postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS Short-term use of our deep breathing exercises was ineffective in reducing incidences of perioperative pain and anxiety in pediatric orthopedic patients. A longer period of deep breathing administration may be required for the intervention to be effective. Parental anxiety may have an effect on anxiety levels in children, and postoperative parental anxiety may be affected by the gender of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanxiao Hua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziwen Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Danshao Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Poetar CR, Dobrean A, Andersson G. Preliminary efficacy of a transdiagnostic parent-led internet-delivered intervention for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38448874 PMCID: PMC10918968 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive research indicating that transdiagnostic interventions are effective for adults and children with anxiety and depressive disorders; however, limited research has been conducted on the efficacy of such programs targeting parents of children with anxiety and depressive symptoms delivered via the Internet. This study aims to investigate the preliminary efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet-delivered intervention for Romanian parents of children with elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a single-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial. Forty-two parents of children with anxiety and depressive symptoms (Mage = 39.79, 78.6% women) from Romania were randomly assigned to one of the two groups, to ParentKIT, an Internet-delivered intervention based on Rational Emotive and Behavioral Therapy (n = 21), or to a delayed treatment condition (waitlist group) (n = 21). ParentKIT consisted of a brief transdiagnostic intervention delivered through nine modules with therapist guidance. RESULTS A significant Group by Time effect was found for child emotional problems as reported by parents (Cohen's d = - 0.85) and for parental self-efficacy (Cohen's d = 0.71). CONCLUSION A transdiagnostic Internet-delivered intervention addressed to parents of children with elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms is a promising approach. Future research should include blind assessments as well as multiple outcome assessors and investigate the long-term efficacy of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05341297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costina-Ruxandra Poetar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chockalingam M, Skinner K, Melvin G, Yap MBH. Modifiable Parent Factors Associated with Child and Adolescent School Refusal: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1459-1475. [PMID: 35397716 PMCID: PMC10435607 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
School refusal is a complex problem that refers to difficulty attending/remaining at school due to emotional distress about attendance. Despite its occurrence being associated with negative outcomes, many are unresponsive to the current treatment options. While parent factors have a key role to play in school refusal, they are not adequately addressed in existing treatments. Further research is needed to consolidate understanding and implement new treatments. Employing the PRISMA method, this review aims to identify modifiable parent factors associated with child and/or adolescent school refusal. Eight studies met inclusion criteria from which nine factors were identified. Factors found to be associated with school refusal included: parent psychopathology, family functioning and maternal overprotection (communication subdomain). Other factors such as maternal overprotection (affection, assistance and travel subdomains) and parental self-efficacy had weak or inconsistent results warranting further investigation. Overall, findings call for action in this field that has sparse and dated literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Chockalingam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kayan Skinner
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Connor C, Yap MBH, Warwick J, Birchwood M, De Valliere N, Madan J, Melvin GA, Padfield E, Patterson P, Petrou S, Raynes K, Stewart-Brown S, Thompson A. An online parenting intervention to prevent affective disorders in high-risk adolescents: the PIPA trial protocol. Trials 2022; 23:655. [PMID: 35971178 PMCID: PMC9376903 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression can place a young person at high risk of recurrence and a range of psychosocial and vocational impairments in adult life, highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Parents/carers are well placed to notice changes in their child's emotional wellbeing which may indicate risk, and there is increasing evidence that modifiable factors exist within the family system that may help reduce the risk of depression and anxiety in an adolescent. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the online personalised 'Partners in Parenting' programme developed in Australia, focused on improving parenting skills, knowledge and awareness, showed that it helped reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents who had elevated symptom levels at baseline. We have adapted this programme and will conduct an RCT in a UK setting. METHODS In total, 433 family dyads (parents/carers and children aged 11-15) will be recruited through schools, social media and parenting/family groups in the UK. Following completion of screening measures of their adolescent's depressive symptoms, parents/carers of those with elevated scores will be randomised to receive either the online personalised parenting programme or a series of online factsheets about adolescent development and wellbeing. The primary objective will be to test whether the personalised parenting intervention reduces depressive symptoms in adolescents deemed at high risk, using the parent-reported Short Mood & Feelings Questionnaire. Follow-up assessments will be undertaken at 6 and 15 months and a process evaluation will examine context, implementation and impact of the intervention. An economic evaluation will also be incorporated with cost-effectiveness of the parenting intervention expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. DISCUSSION Half of mental health problems emerge before mid-adolescence and approximately three-quarters by mid-20s, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies. However, few early interventions are family focused and delivered online. We aim to conduct a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded RCT of the online personalised 'Partners in Parenting' programme, proven effective in Australia, targeting adolescents at risk of depression to evaluate its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and usability in a UK setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION {2A}: ISRCTN63358736 . Registered 18 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Connor
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - M B H Yap
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Warwick
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - M Birchwood
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - N De Valliere
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J Madan
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - E Padfield
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - P Patterson
- Birmingham Women's & Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Petrou
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - K Raynes
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S Stewart-Brown
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - A Thompson
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Khor SPH, Fulgoni CM, Lewis D, Melvin GA, Jorm AF, Lawrence K, Bei B, Yap MBH. Short-term outcomes of the Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies intervention for parents of adolescents treated for anxiety and/or depression: A single-arm double-baseline trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:695-708. [PMID: 34231423 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether the Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies programme increased parenting behaviours known to be supportive of adolescents experiencing anxiety and/or depression. Secondary parenting outcomes of parental self-efficacy, parental accommodation, carer burden, parent-adolescent attachment, family functioning and parent distress were also examined, along with adolescent outcomes of anxiety and depression symptoms, suicidal ideation and sleep. METHOD Seventy-one parents (94.4% females) and their adolescents (73.2% females) aged 12-18 years (Mean = 15.02, SD = 1.56) being treated for depression and/or anxiety in Australia were recruited into a single-arm double-baseline open-label trial. Parents received Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies, which comprised up to nine web-based modules each supplemented with coaching sessions via videoconferencing. Outcomes were analysed using latent growth curve modelling to determine if changes to outcomes at post-intervention (4 month post-second baseline) exceeded changes between two baselines measured 1 month apart. RESULTS Sixty-five parents (91.6%) completed at least one module of the online parenting intervention and on average received nine coaching sessions (SD = 2). Parenting behaviours targeted by Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies improved at post-intervention (Cohen's d = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [0.78, 1.51]). Parent-reported parental self-efficacy and parent-adolescent attachment increased (Cohen's d = 1.44 [1.05, 1.82] and 0.39 [0.05, 0.74], respectively), while impairments to family functioning and parent distress decreased (Cohen's d = -0.51 [-0.86, -0.16] and -0.84 [-1.23, -0.44], respectively). Changes to adolescent anxiety, depression and sleep were not significant. CONCLUSION The Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies intervention improved self-reported parenting behaviours, parental self-efficacy, parent levels of distress, parent-adolescent attachment, and family functioning in parents with adolescents being treated for anxiety and/or depression. However, significant changes in adolescent mental health and sleep outcomes at post-intervention were not observed. The usefulness of a therapist-supported online parenting programme in addressing a service gap for parents seeking professional help is indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number (ACTRN) 12618000290291, prospectively registered on 26 February 2018; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pheik Hoon Khor
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Margaret Fulgoni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Lewis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn A Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Lawrence
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Bee Hui Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Fulgoni CM, Melvin GA, Jorm AF, Lawrence KA, Yap MB. The Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies (TOPS) program for parents of adolescents with clinical anxiety or depression: Development and feasibility pilot. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100285. [PMID: 31890632 PMCID: PMC6926173 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies (TOPS) program that is acceptable to parents whose adolescents have anxiety and/or depressive disorders, using a consumer consultation approach. METHODS The TOPS intervention was developed via three linked studies. Study 1 involved content analysis of feedback from participants (N = 56) who received a web-based preventive parenting intervention called Partners in Parenting (PiP), as part of a randomised controlled trial. Study 2 involved stakeholder consultations with: (i) parents of adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 6), and (ii) mental health professionals (N = 28), to identify adaptations to PiP that are required to make it appropriate for parents of adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Study 3 was a pilot of the resulting TOPS program with professionals (N = 10) and a small sample of parents (N = 3) to assess the acceptability of the program content and format that involved online modules and videoconferencing coaching. RESULTS Study 1 indicated a need for an enhanced program for parents whose adolescents are experiencing anxiety and depressive disorders, while findings from Study 2 informed the content of the new TOPS program. In Study 3, mental health professionals endorsed the structure and content, while parents affirmed the acceptability of the TOPS program. Feedback from Studies 2 and 3 indicated that the therapist-coach was a valuable resource to (i) provide parents with strategies that are associated with the alleviation of adolescent anxiety and depression, (ii) discuss difficulties in implementing these strategies, (iii) assist parents with overcoming these difficulties; and (iv) support the development of a relapse prevention plan. Professionals felt that the TOPS program would broaden parental knowledge about how to recognise and respond to symptoms of clinical anxiety and depression in their adolescent. CONCLUSIONS This study provided preliminary support for the feasibility, acceptability and perceived usefulness of the TOPS program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M.F. Fulgoni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Glenn A. Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia,Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Lawrence
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marie B.H. Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding author at: Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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