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McCausland D, Haigh M, McCallion P, McCarron M. IRB challenges in multisite studies: A case report and commentary from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA). HRB Open Res 2024; 7:3. [PMID: 38784966 PMCID: PMC11109535 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13854.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A shift from single to multi-site health studies enabled a range of research benefits including faster recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; increased statistical power, greater rigour, generalisability, and external reliability; and increased likelihood of impacting policy and clinical practice. However, ethical review of multi-site studies by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) raises specific challenges compared with single site studies, with requirements to apply to multiple local IRBs increasing the burden on research, possibly endangering the integrity of the research process or inhibiting development of multi-site studies. The option of a single centralised IRB may offer a clearer, more consistent and efficient review process. This study presents a case report and commentary from 15 years engaging with IRBs in multiple sites in Ireland by the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA). It examines the ethics review process for IDS-TILDA through its first four waves. While the majority of 48 IRBs granted ethical approval within 13 weeks, six IRBs took 21-47 weeks to approve, leading to delays in data collection of up to 11 months. Despite additional review time, no changes were required to the study protocol. Therefore, a critical impact of the process was the delay in starting data collection within a small number of organisations, and reduced involvement in the study for one organisation. The ethical review process with multiple IRBs increased the degree of complexity of the process, with added bureaucracy and far greater communication required across 48 IRBs, substantially adding to the resource commitment for the review process. The relatively quick approval from the majority of IRBs was partially a result of the longitudinal study building relationships with organisations throughout multiple waves. That other health studies may not accrue this benefit supports calls for a single IRB system for multi-site health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren McCausland
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Margaret Haigh
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | | | - Mary McCarron
- Trinity Centre for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
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Baumgartner HA, Alessandroni N, Byers-Heinlein K, Frank MC, Hamlin JK, Soderstrom M, Voelkel JG, Willer R, Yuen F, Coles NA. How to build up big team science: a practical guide for large-scale collaborations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230235. [PMID: 37293356 PMCID: PMC10245199 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of big team science (BTS), endeavours where a comparatively large number of researchers pool their intellectual and/or material resources in pursuit of a common goal. Despite this burgeoning interest, there exists little guidance on how to create, manage and participate in these collaborations. In this paper, we integrate insights from a multi-disciplinary set of BTS initiatives to provide a how-to guide for BTS. We first discuss initial considerations for launching a BTS project, such as building the team, identifying leadership, governance, tools and open science approaches. We then turn to issues related to running and completing a BTS project, such as study design, ethical approvals and issues related to data collection, management and analysis. Finally, we address topics that present special challenges for BTS, including authorship decisions, collaborative writing and team decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Baumgartner
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C. Frank
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Kiley Hamlin
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie Soderstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jan G. Voelkel
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robb Willer
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francis Yuen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas A. Coles
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Milosavljevic M, Hewitt L, Fish J, Davis KJ, McManus L, Ashford B. How to reduce processing times for site‐specific assessments from 29 to 5 days using a common‐sense approach: it does not have to be that hard. Intern Med J 2023; 53:416-421. [PMID: 36972986 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have reported limitations with research governance processes across Australia. This study aimed to streamline research governance processes across a local health district. Four basic principles were applied to remove non-value-adding and non-risk-mitigating processes. Average processing times were reduced from 29 to 5 days and end-user satisfaction was improved, all within the same staffing levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Milosavljevic
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janaye Fish
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Davis
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leah McManus
- Research Office, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Amarasena L, Samir N, Sealy L, Hu N, Rostami MR, Isaacs D, Gunasekera H, Young H, Agrawal R, Levitt D, Francis JR, Coleman J, Mares S, Larcombe P, Cherian S, Raman S, Lingam R, Zwi K. Offshore detention: cross-sectional analysis of the health of children and young people seeking asylum in Australia. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:185-191. [PMID: 36549868 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the health and well-being of children and young people (CYP) seeking asylum subjected to Australia's immigration policy of indefinite mandatory detention on Nauru. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of CYP seeking asylum. SETTING Australian paediatric clinicians from 10 health services completed detailed health assessments around the time of transfer from Nauru, mostly to Australia. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two CYP who were ≤18 years on entry into offshore immigration detention on Nauru between 2013 and 2019. Mean age at health assessment was 9 years. MAIN MEASURES Health outcomes were categorised as physical, mental or neurodevelopmental concerns/conditions. Risk and protective factor data were collected using the adverse childhood experiences and refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences tools. RESULTS Over half of the CYP (n=32, 52%) were held on Nauru for ≥4 years. The vast majority of CYP had physical health (n=55, 89%) and mental health (n=49, 79%) concerns including self-harm or suicidal ideation/attempt (n=28, 45%). Mental health concerns were more likely in CYP who were school-aged (p=0.001), had been held on Nauru for ≥1 year (p=0.01); originated from the Eastern Mediterranean region (p<0.05); witnessed trauma (p<0.05) or had exposure to ≥4 refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences (p<0.05). Neurodevelopmental concerns were seen in eight children (13%). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the almost universal physical and mental health difficulties in a sample of CYP who experienced forced migration and were subjected to Australia's offshore immigration detention policy. Immigration detention in recipient countries, a known adverse childhood experience, may contribute to or exacerbate harmful outcomes in CYP seeking asylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Amarasena
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nora Samir
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Sealy
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Isaacs
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hasantha Gunasekera
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Young
- Paediatrics, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rishi Agrawal
- Paediatric Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Levitt
- Mater Refugee Complex Care Clinic, Mater Misericordiae Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Paediatrics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research - Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jacinta Coleman
- Adolescent Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Mares
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penny Larcombe
- Paediatrics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shanti Raman
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Paediatrics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Zwi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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