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Wasilewski M, Curti C, Bouguergour C, Panuccio C, Thevin P, Primas N, Lamy E, Vanelle P. Paediatric capsule compounding in hospital practices: by weight or by volume? Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:363-366. [PMID: 35105603 PMCID: PMC10647867 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Capsule compounding is common for paediatric patients. In Europe, pharmacists often use a volume-based method whereas, in the USA, the weight-based method prevails. These two methods should be compared in order to help hospital pharmacists to make their choice. METHODS We evaluated the difference between the volume-based method and the weight-based method with 10 mg spironolactone capsules. Six independent batches were made with each technique and their conformity was evaluated with a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. RESULTS The weight-based method showed superiority over the volume-based method for the following parameters: spironolactone content homogeneity, total weight content homogeneity, batch reproducibility and batch conformity. No differences were seen in spironolactone content between the two methods, but an overall trend towards underweighing the excipient was found with the volume-based method. CONCLUSIONS Capsule compounding with the weight-based method increases the quality of the resulting formulation. The weight-based method requires knowledge of the galenic parameters of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients, but should be preferred to the volume-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Wasilewski
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Curti
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Equipe de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrielle Bouguergour
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Panuccio
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Thevin
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Primas
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Equipe de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Edouard Lamy
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- UMR 7287 CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement ISM, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Equipe de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
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Assessing a Mass-Based Method for the Preparation of Low-Dosed Paediatric Capsules with Baclofen and Spironolactone. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9010056. [PMID: 33800450 PMCID: PMC8005994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the steadily improving medical care situation in pediatrics, some drugs are still not available in a suitable dose or dosage form and thus need to be prepared extemporaneously. Capsules can be easily compounded at the hospital and public pharmacies, offering an alternative to liquid formulations. This study aims at testing a mass-based approach for the extemporaneous preparation of low-dose pediatric capsules and investigating systematically the API loss during this procedure. A total of 54 capsule batches were prepared with baclofen and spironolactone as pediatric-relevant drugs. The hard capsules were prepared using three different bulking agents consisting of either mannitol, lactose-monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose mixed with 0.5% colloidal silica. Capsules were tested according to Ph. Eur. method "2.9.40 Content Uniformity" as well as for occurring powder loss and mass uniformity. The results reveal that the mass-based approach, in general, allows the preparation of low-dose pediatric capsules of appropriate quality. However, absolute quality is highly dependent on the homogeneity of the powder mixture and the use of defined parameters for capsule preparation.
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Rautamo M, Kvarnström K, Sivén M, Airaksinen M, Lahdenne P, Sandler N. A Focus Group Study about Oral Drug Administration Practices at Hospital Wards-Aspects to Consider in Drug Development of Age-Appropriate Formulations for Children. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020109. [PMID: 32019100 PMCID: PMC7076415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug administration to pediatric patients is characterized by a lack of age-appropriate drug products and the off-label use of medicines. However, drug administration practices at hospital wards is a scarcely studied subject. The aim of this study was to explore the oral drug administration practices at pediatric hospital wards, with a focus on experiences and challenges faced, methods used to mitigate existing problems, drug manipulation habits, perceptions about oral dosage forms and future needs of oral dosage forms for children. This was a qualitative study consisting of focus group discussions with physicians, nurses and clinical pharmacists in a tertiary university hospital with the objective of bringing forward a holistic view on this research topic. These healthcare professionals recognized different administration challenges that were classified as either dosage form-related or patient-related ones. A lack of depot formulations developed especially for children as well as oral pediatric dosage forms of drug substances currently available as intravenous dosage forms was recognized. The preferred oral dosage forms were oral liquids and orodispersible tablets. Patient-centered drug administration practices including factors facilitating drug administration both at hospital wards and at home after patient discharge were identified. Among all healthcare professionals, the efficient cooperation in drug prescribing and administration as well as in educating the child’s caregivers in correct administration techniques before discharge and improving the overall discharge process of patients was emphasized. This study complements the prevalent understanding that new dosage forms for children of varying ages and stages of development are still needed. It also brings a holistic view on different aspects of oral drug administration to pediatric patients and overall patient-centered drug administration practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rautamo
- HUS Pharmacy, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9B, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Kirsi Kvarnström
- HUS Pharmacy, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9B, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mia Sivén
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Marja Airaksinen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Pekka Lahdenne
- Department of Children and Adolescents, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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Towards Printed Pediatric Medicines in Hospital Pharmacies: Comparison of 2D and 3D-Printed Orodispersible Warfarin Films with Conventional Oral Powders in Unit Dose Sachets. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070334. [PMID: 31337146 PMCID: PMC6680667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the lack of age-appropriate medicines for many indications results in dose manipulation of commercially available dosage forms, commonly resulting in inaccurate doses. Various printing technologies have recently been explored in the pharmaceutical field due to the flexible and precise nature of the techniques. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the currently used method to produce patient-tailored warfarin doses at HUS Pharmacy in Finland with two innovative printing techniques. Dosage forms of various strengths (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg) were prepared utilizing semisolid extrusion 3D printing, inkjet printing and the established compounding procedure for oral powders in unit dose sachets (OPSs). Orodispersible films (ODFs) drug-loaded with warfarin were prepared by means of printing using hydroxypropylcellulose as a film-forming agent. The OPSs consisted of commercially available warfarin tablets and lactose monohydrate as a filler. The ODFs resulted in thin and flexible films showing acceptable ODF properties. Moreover, the printed ODFs displayed improved drug content compared to the established OPSs. All dosage forms were found to be stable over the one-month stability study and suitable for administration through a naso-gastric tube, thus, enabling administration to all possible patient groups in a hospital ward. This work demonstrates the potential of utilizing printing technologies for the production of on-demand patient-specific doses and further discusses the advantages and limitations of each method.
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McBane SE, Coon SA, Anderson KC, Bertch KE, Cox M, Kain C, LaRochelle J, Neumann DR, Philbrick AM. Rational and irrational use of nonsterile compounded medications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A. Coon
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy; Lenexa Kansas
| | | | | | - Mara Cox
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy; Lenexa Kansas
| | - Courtney Kain
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy; Lenexa Kansas
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Barillas JE, Eichner D, Van Wagoner R, Speiser PW. Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome in a Child With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Erroneous Compounding of Hydrocortisone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:7-11. [PMID: 29029106 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require lifelong treatment with glucocorticoids. In growing children, the drug of choice is hydrocortisone. Commercially available hydrocortisone tablets do not conform to very low doses prescribed to infants and toddlers, and compounded hydrocortisone is often dispensed to meet therapeutic needs. However, safety, efficacy, and uniformity of compounded products are not tested. We report a case of Cushing syndrome in a child with CAH who was inadvertently receiving excessive hydrocortisone in compounded form. DESIGN A 20-month-old girl with CAH developed growth deceleration, excessive weight for length, irritability, increased facial fat, plethora, and excess body hair while receiving hydrocortisone from a local compounding pharmacy. The signs and symptoms persisted despite decreasing hydrocortisone dose. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome was suspected. The prescribed hydrocortisone capsules were sent for analysis to the Sports Medicine Research & Testing Laboratory, where testing revealed that each 1-mg hydrocortisone capsule contained five to 10 times the dose prescribed and listed on the label. CONCLUSION Physicians must be aware that errors in compounded medications may lead to unanticipated adverse effects. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome should be suspected in any child receiving compounded glucocorticoid treatment who develops growth arrest and excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Barillas
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Daniel Eichner
- The Sports Medicine Research & Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan Van Wagoner
- The Zucker Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Phyllis W Speiser
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
- The Zucker Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
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