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Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1845-1870. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Wang Y, He X, Wang H, Hu W, Sun L. Qingfei xieding prescription ameliorates mitochondrial DNA-initiated inflammation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through activating autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117820. [PMID: 38286157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingfei Xieding prescription was gradually refined and produced by Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. The raw material includes Ephedra sinica Stapf, Morus alba L., Bombyx Batryticatus, Gypsum Fibrosum, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim., Houttuynia cordata Thunb. , Pueraria edulis Pamp. Paeonia L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. It is effective in clinical adjuvant treatment of patients with pulmonary diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Qingfei Xieding (QF) in the treatment of bleomycin-induced mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS TGF-β induced fibrotic phenotype in vitro. Bleomycin injection induced lung tissue fibrosis mouse model in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cellular ROS and lipid oxidation. Mitochondria substructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagolysosome and nuclear entry of P65 were monitored by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcription of genes associated with mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent inflammatory signaling activation. RESULTS TGF-β induced the expression of α-SMA and Collagen I, inhibited cell viability in lung epithelial MLE-12 cells that was reversed by QF-containing serum. TGF-β-mediated downregulation in autophagy, upregulation in lipid oxidation and ROS contents, and mitochondrial damage were rescued by QF-containing serum treatment, but CQ exposure, an autophagy inhibitor, prevented the protective role of QF. In addition to that, the decreased autophagolysosome in TGF-β-exposed MLE-12 cells was reversed by QF and restored to low level in the combination treatment of QF and CQ. Mechanistically, QF-containing serum treatment significantly inhibited mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent inflammatory signaling in TGF-β-challenged cells, which were abolished by CQ-mediated autophagy inhibition. In bleomycin-induced mouse model, QF ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis, reduced mortality, re-activated autophagy in lung tissues and restrained mtDNA-cGAS-STING inflammation pathway. However, the protective effects of QF in bleomycin-induced model mice were also abrogated by CQ. CONCLUSION QF alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating autophagy, inhibiting mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway-mediated inflammation. This research recognizes the protection role of QF on bleomycin-induced mouse model, and offers evidence for the potentiality of QF in clinical application for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xinxin He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Fu TL, Li GR, Li DH, He RY, Liu BH, Xiong R, Xu CZ, Lu ZL, Song CK, Qiu HL, Wang WJ, Zou SS, Yi K, Li N, Geng Q. Mangiferin alleviates diabetic pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition through AMPK/FoxO3/SIRT3 axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1002-1018. [PMID: 38225395 PMCID: PMC11053064 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results in numerous complications. Diabetic pulmonary fibrosis (DPF), a late pulmonary complication of diabetes, has not attracted as much attention as diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Mangiferin (MF) is a natural small molecular compound that exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and anti-fibrosis effects. In this study, we investigated whether long-term diabetes shock induces DPF, and explored whether MF had a protective effect against DPF. We first examined the lung tissues and sections of 20 diabetic patients obtained from discarded lung surgical resection specimens and found that pulmonary fibrosis mainly accumulated around the pulmonary vessels, accompanied by significantly enhanced endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We established a mouse model of DPF by STZ injections. Ten days after the final STZ injection, the mice were administered MF (20, 60 mg/kg, i.g.) every 3 days for 4 weeks, and kept feeding until 16 weeks and euthanized. We showed that pulmonary fibrotic lesions were developed in the diabetic mice, which began around the pulmonary vessels, while MF administration did not affect long-term blood glucose levels, but dose-dependently alleviated diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), exposure to high glucose (33.3 mM) induced EndMT, which was dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with MF (10, 50 μM). Furthermore, MF treatment promoted SIRT3 expression in high glucose-exposed HUVECs by directly binding to AMPK to enhance the activity of FoxO3, which finally reversed diabetes-induced EndMT. We conclude that MF attenuates DPF by inhibiting EndMT through the AMPK/FoxO3/SIRT3 axis. MF could be a potential candidate for the early prevention and treatment of DPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Lv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dong-Hang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ru-Yuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo-Hao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cong-Kuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Liang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shi-Shi Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Liu Y, Chen H, Wu Y, Ai F, Li W, Peng H, Gui F, Yu B, Chen Z. Sinomenine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by inhibiting TLR4/NLRP3/TGFβ signaling. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:217-227. [PMID: 38713814 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2335193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work concentrated on validating whether sinomenine alleviates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. METHODS A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was constructed through intratracheal injection with 5 mg/kg BLM, and the effects of 30 mg/kg sinomenine on pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal density were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemistry. Hydroxyproline content and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were detected using corresponding kits. MRC-5 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml PDGF, and the effects of 1 mM sinomenine on cell proliferation were assessed by EdU assays. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and the protein levels of collagens, fibrosis markers, and key markers involved in the TLR4/NLRP3/TGFβ signaling were tested with RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS Sinomenine attenuated pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation while reducing hydroxyproline content and the protein expression of collagens and fibrosis markers in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. Sinomenine reduced apoptosis in lung samples of BLM-challenged rats by increasing Bcl-2 and reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. In addition, sinomenine alleviated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM. Moreover, sinomenine inhibited the TLR4/NLRP3/TGFβ signaling pathway in lung tissues of BLM-stimulated rats. Furthermore, TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242, attenuated PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSION Sinomenine attenuates BLM-caused pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3/TGFβ signaling, indicating that sinomenine might become a therapeutic candidate to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Fen Ai
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gui
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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Zivković J, Kumar KA, Rushendran R, Ilango K, Fahmy NM, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Ezzat SM, Melgar-Lalanne G, Romero-Montero A, Peña-Corona SI, Leyva-Gomez G, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Pharmacological properties of mangiferin: bioavailability, mechanisms of action and clinical perspectives. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:763-781. [PMID: 37658210 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the pharmacological properties of mangiferin, focusing primarily on its bioavailability and mechanisms of action, and its potential therapeutic applications, especially in the context of chronic diseases. We conducted a comprehensive examination of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials involving mangiferin or plant extracts containing mangiferin. The primary source of mangiferin is Mangifera indica, but it's also found in other plant species from the families Anacardiaceae, Gentianaceae, and Iridaceae. Mangiferin has exhibited a myriad of therapeutic properties, presenting itself as a promising candidate for treating various chronic conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, renal and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Despite the promising results showcased in many in vitro studies and certain animal studies, the application of mangiferin has been limited due to its poor solubility, absorption, and overall bioavailability. Mangiferin offers significant therapeutic potential in treating a spectrum of chronic diseases, as evidenced by both in vitro and clinical trials. However, the challenges concerning its bioavailability necessitate further research, particularly in optimizing its delivery and absorption, to harness its full medicinal potential. This review serves as a comprehensive update on the health-promoting and therapeutic activities of mangiferin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Zivković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kammala Ananth Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rapuru Rushendran
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaliappan Ilango
- School of Pharmacy, Hindustan Institute Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Avda. Castelazo Ayala S/N, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Romero-Montero
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Chen Y, Yin H, Sun J, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Zeng H. TrxR/Trx inhibitor butaselen ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smads signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115822. [PMID: 37944440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is highly lethal with limited treatments. Butaselen (BS) is an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)/thioredoxin (Trx) with anti-tumor activity. However, its impact on pulmonary fibrosis and the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that BS is a potential drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Specifically, BS can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo, with comparable efficacy and enhanced safety when compared with pirfenidone. BS and dexamethasone display a synergistic effect in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that BS can inhibit the TrxR activity during pulmonary fibrosis. RNA-sequencing analysis identifies that genes of ECM-related signaling pathways are notably affected by BS. BS can not only inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and reduce pulmonary fibrosis-related inflammation, but also reduce NF-κB-activated transcriptional expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which leads to the inactivation of Smad2/Smad3 and decrease of collagen formation and fibrosis. Moreover, the knockdown of Trx1 with siRNA can also inhibit NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smads signaling. In conclusion, the TrxR/Trx inhibitor butaselen can suppress pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smads signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Sirirungsee V, Samutrtai P, Sangthong P, Papan P, Leelapornpisid P, Saenjum C, Sirithunyalug B. Electrosprayed Nanoparticles Containing Mangiferin-Rich Extract from Mango Leaves for Cosmeceutical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2931. [PMID: 37999285 PMCID: PMC10674866 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important fruits in Thailand. Mango has been used as a traditional medicine because it possesses many biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, microorganism-growth inhibition, etc. Among its natural pharmacologically active compounds, mangiferin is the main active component found in mango leaves. Mangiferin has the potential to treat a variety of diseases due to its multifunctional activities. This study aims to prepare a mangiferin-rich extract (MRE) from mango leaves and develop nanoparticles containing the MRE using an electrospraying technique to apply it in a cosmeceutical formulation. The potential cosmeceutical mechanisms of the MRE were investigated using proteomic analysis. The MRE is involved in actin-filament organization, the positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization, etc. Moreover, the related mechanism to its cosmeceutical activity is metalloenzyme-activity regulation. Nanoparticles were prepared from 0.8% w/v MRE and 2% w/v Eudragit® L100 solution using an electrospraying process. The mean size of the MRE-loaded nanoparticles (MNPs) received was 247.8 nm, with a PDI 0.271. The MRE entrapment by the process was quantified as 84.9%, indicating a high encapsulation efficiency. For the skin-retention study, the mangiferin content in the MNP-containing emulsion-gel membranes was examined and found to be greater than in the membranes of the MRE solution, illustrating that the MNPs produced by the electrospraying technique help transdermal delivery for cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vissuta Sirirungsee
- Master’s Degree Program in Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pawitrabhorn Samutrtai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Padchanee Sangthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Phakorn Papan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Pimporn Leelapornpisid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Busaban Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Washimkar KR, Tomar MS, Kulkarni C, Verma S, Shrivastava A, Chattopadhyay N, Mugale MN. Longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by evaluating TGF-β1/Smad2, Nrf2 signaling and metabolomic analysis in mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122064. [PMID: 37657527 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an increase in collagen synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix. Several factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog family proteins (Smad), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) trigger extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, fibroblast to myofibroblasts conversion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) leading to PF. However, the role of cellular defense mechanisms such as the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling during the onset and progression of PF is not understood completely. AIM The present study aims to analyze the involvement of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and Nrf2 in the EMT and metabolic alterations that promote fibrosis in a time-dependent manner using bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF model in C57BL/6 mice. KEY FINDINGS Histopathological studies revealed loss of lung architecture and increased collagen deposition in BLM-exposed mice. BLM upregulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling and α-SMA at all time-points. The gradual increase in the accumulation of α-SMA and collagen implied the progression of PF. BLM exposure raises Nrf2 throughout each specified time-point, which suggests that Nrf2 activation might be responsible for TGF-β1-induced EMT and the development of PF. Further, metabolomic studies linked the development of PF to alterations in metabolic pathways. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was consistently enriched across all the time-points. Additionally, alterations in 22 commonly enriched pathways, associated with fatty acid (FA) and amino acid metabolism were observed in 30- and 60-days. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidates the association of TGF-β1/Smad and Nrf2 signaling in the EMT and metabolic alterations associated with the etiology and progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sun X, Zhu M, Xia W, Xu X, Zhang J, Jiang X. Total sesquiterpenoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. attenuate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by suppressing myofibroblast transition. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105567. [PMID: 37315715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. has been used as a functional food in China for a long time. However, the antifibrotic activity of total sesquiterpenoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (TS-EL) is still unknown. In this study, we discovered that TS-EL reduced the increase in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen and fibronectin content, the formation of cell filaments and collagen gel contraction in transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated human lung fibroblasts. Intriguingly, TS-EL did not change the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Erk1/2. TS-EL decreased the levels of serum response factor (SRF), a critical transcription factor of α-SMA, and SRF knockdown alleviated the transition of lung myofibroblasts. Furthermore, TS-EL significantly attenuated bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung pathology and collagen deposition and reduced the levels of two profibrotic markers, total lung hydroxyproline and α-SMA. TS-EL also decreased the levels of SRF protein expression in BLM-induced mice. These results suggested that TS-EL attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast transition via the downregulation of SRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghua Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xihan Xu
- Suzhou Foreign Language School, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, China.
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, China.
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10
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Li R, Kang H, Chen S. From Basic Research to Clinical Practice: Considerations for Treatment Drugs for Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098333. [PMID: 37176040 PMCID: PMC10179659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis, characterized by irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, remains a major global public health problem. Nowadays, cumulative studies are focusing on elucidating the pathogenesis of silicosis in order to identify preventive or therapeutic antifibrotic agents. However, the existing research on the mechanism of silica-dust-induced pulmonary fibrosis is only the tip of the iceberg and lags far behind clinical needs. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as a pulmonary fibrosis disease, also has the same problem. In this study, we examined the relationship between silicosis and IPF from the perspective of their pathogenesis and fibrotic characteristics, further discussing current drug research and limitations of clinical application in silicosis. Overall, this review provided novel insights for clinical treatment of silicosis with the hope of bridging the gap between research and practice in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huimin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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12
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Zou X, Huang Z, Zhan Z, Yuan M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Hu X, Fan W, Chen P, Qin H, Zhang S, Xia Y, Zheng S, Pan Z, Huang P. The alcohol extracts of Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon exert anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect through targeting SETDB1/STAT3/p-STAT3 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116520. [PMID: 37120058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological process of irreversible scarring of lung tissues, with limited treatment means. Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon (STE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has a traditional use in relieving cough and asthma, resolving phlegm, clearing heat, and detoxicating in China. However, its role in PF has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protective role of STE in PF and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, PF model group, positive drug (pirfenidone) group and STE group. After 28 days of STE administration in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF rats, living Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) was used to observe the structural changes of lung tissues. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe PF-associated pathological alteration, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of PF-related marker proteins in the lung tissues. ELISA was used to detect PF-associated biochemical criteria in the lung tissue homogenates. The proteomics technology was used to screen the different proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and IHC staining were used to confirm the underlying targets of STE as well as its downstream signaling. UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS assay was used to explore the effective components in the alcohol extracts of STE. Autodock vina was used to detect the potential binding between the above effective components and SETDB1. RESULTS STE prevented PF by inhibiting the activation of lung fibroblasts and ECM deposition in BLM-induced PF rats. Mechanism analyses demonstrated that STE could inhibit the up-regulation of SETDB1 induced by BLM and TGF-β1, which further blocked the binding of SETDB1 and STAT3 as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3, ultimately preventing the activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION STE played a preventive role in PF by targeting the SETBD1/STAT3/p-STAT3 pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic agent for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zibo Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Su Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Shuilian Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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13
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Dorababu A, Maraswami M. Recent Advances (2015-2020) in Drug Discovery for Attenuation of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COPD. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093674. [PMID: 37175084 PMCID: PMC10179756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A condition of scarring of lung tissue due to a wide range of causes (such as environmental pollution, cigarette smoking (CS), lung diseases, some medications, etc.) has been reported as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This has become a serious problem all over the world due to the lack of efficient drugs for treatment or cure. To date, no drug has been designed that could inhibit fibrosis. However, few medications have been reported to reduce the rate of fibrosis. Meanwhile, ongoing research indicates pulmonary fibrosis can be treated in its initial stages when symptoms are mild. Here, an attempt is made to summarize the recent studies on the effects of various chemical drugs that attenuate PF and increase patients' quality of life. The review is classified based on the nature of the drug molecules, e.g., natural/biomolecule-based, synthetic-molecule-based PF inhibitors, etc. Here, the mechanisms through which the drug molecules attenuate PF are discussed. It is shown that inhibitory molecules can significantly decrease the TGF-β1, profibrotic factors, proteins responsible for inflammation, pro-fibrogenic cytokines, etc., thereby ameliorating the progress of PF. This review may be useful in designing better drugs that could reduce the fibrosis process drastically or even cure the disease to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, India
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- Department of Chemistry, Abzena LLC., 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
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14
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Mangiferin relieves CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4172. [PMID: 36914687 PMCID: PMC10011547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a late stage process of many chronic liver diseases. Blocking the fibrosis process will be beneficial to the treatment and recovery of the diseases. Mangiferin has many pharmacological activities. Recently, it has been reported that mangiferin may relieve tissue fibrosis, including renal, myocardial, pulmonary fibrosis via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in animal models. Here, we investigate the effects of mangiferin on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism in mice. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 in each group), injected with carbon tetrachloride (10% CCl4) for 8 weeks, and oral administrated with mangiferin (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) from the fifth week. The serum levels of ALT, AST were analyzed to evaluate liver function. H&E, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining were used to assess liver morphology and the degree of liver fibrosis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assay the gene expression and protein levels. The results showed that mangiferin alleviated the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TBA and TBIL, reduced liver lesions, prevented hepatic parenchymal necrosis, and ameliorated collagen accumulation in the liver of CCl4-treated mice. Meanwhile, mangiferin inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes IL-6 and IL-1β, fibrogenic genes α-SMA, TGF-β and MMP-2 and bile acid metabolism genes ABCB4, ABCB11, SULT2A1 in the liver of CCl4-treated mice. Furthermore, mangiferin reduced collagen accumulation and HSCs activation, inhibited the p-IκB and p-p65 protein levels. Our results suggest that mangiferin could alleviate liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice through inhibiting NF-κB signaling, and mango consuming may have beneficial effects to hepatic fibrosis.
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15
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Tian H, Wang L, Fu T. Ephedrine alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and restraining NF-κB signaling. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:547-556. [PMID: 37778983 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal and progressive pulmonary disorder in human beings. Ephedrine is a compound isolated from Ephedra and plays a regulatory role in inflammatory response. This study focused on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of ephedrine and its potential molecular mechanism. After a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established through bleomycin (BLM) induction, the survival percentage, body weight, and pulmonary index were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining for lung tissues were performed to observe the pathological alterations. The viability of lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined by cell counting kit-8 assays, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine E-cadherin and vimentin expression after BLM or ephedrine treatment. The mRNA and protein levels of cytokeratin-8, E-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Experimental results revealed that ephedrine treatment rescued the repressive impact of BLM on BEAS-2B cell viability, and ephedrine inhibited BLM-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells. Additionally, ephedrine suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process stimulated by BLM treatment, as demonstrated by the reduced α-SMA and vimentin levels together with the increased cytokeratin-8 and E-cadherin levels in BLM + Ephedrine group. In addition, ephedrine inhibited NF-κB and activated Nrf-2 signaling in BLM-treated BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, ephedrine ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in BLM-induced mice and improved the survival of model mice. In conclusion, ephedrine attenuates BLM-evoked pulmonary fibrosis by repressing EMT process via blocking NF-κB signaling and activating Nrf-2 signaling, suggesting that ephedrine might become a potential anti-pulmonary fibrosis agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Taoli Fu
- Department of Geratology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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16
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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17
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Monayo SM, Liu X. The Prospective Application of Melatonin in Treating Epigenetic Dysfunctional Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867500. [PMID: 35668933 PMCID: PMC9163742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, different human disorders were described by scientists from the perspective of either environmental factors or just by genetically related mechanisms. The rise in epigenetic studies and its modifications, i.e., heritable alterations in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences, have now been confirmed in diseases. Modifications namely, DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have led to a better understanding of the coaction between epigenetic alterations and human pathologies. Melatonin is a widely-produced indoleamine regulator molecule that influences numerous biological functions within many cell types. Concerning its broad spectrum of actions, melatonin should be investigated much more for its contribution to the upstream and downstream mechanistic regulation of epigenetic modifications in diseases. It is, therefore, necessary to fill the existing gaps concerning corresponding processes associated with melatonin with the physiological abnormalities brought by epigenetic modifications. This review outlines the findings on melatonin’s action on epigenetic regulation in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It summarizes the ability of melatonin to act on molecules such as proteins and RNAs which affect the development and progression of diseases.
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18
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Shang Q, Yang Y, Li H. LINC01605 knockdown induces apoptosis in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts by inhibiting autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:343. [PMID: 35401799 PMCID: PMC8988162 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an irreversible disease that causes blindness. Formation of a hypertrophic scar (HS) is the main cause of failure of glaucoma surgery. The long non-coding RNA LINC01605 is closely associated with the formation of HS; however, the function of LINC01605 in the formation and development of HS remains unclear. For this study, firstly, human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) and corneal epithelial cells (control cells) were collected from patients (n=5) with POAG who underwent glaucoma filtration surgery at Fuyang People's Hospital. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of vimentin (one of the main components of medium fiber and plays an important role in the cytoskeleton and motility), keratin (the main component of cytoskeletal proteins) and LC3 (an autophagy marker). In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect LINC01605 expression. Besides, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess the viability of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs). Next, flow cytometry was performed to detect HTF apoptosis. Furthermore, western blot analysis was performed for Bax, Bcl-2, Pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated (p-)Smad2, Smad2, α-SMA, MMP9, ATG7, p62, beclin 1, p-AMPK and AMPK in HTFs to determine the mechanism by which LINC01605 regulates the formation and development of HS. Moreover, a Transwell assay was performed to detect the migratory ability of HTFs. The results demonstrated that LINC01605 was significantly upregulated in HS tissues compared with that in normal (control/healthy) tissues. In addition, vimentin was highly expressed in HTFs, whereas keratin was expressed at a low level. Also, in HTFs, LINC01605 knockdown inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, decreasing Smad2 activation and inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, LINC01605 knockdown significantly inhibited the migratory ability of HTFs. Transfection with LINC01605 small interference RNAs significantly downregulated the expression levels of p-Smad2, α-SMA and MMP9 in HTFs. Furthermore, LINC01605 knockdown notably inhibited the viability and migration, and induced the apoptosis of HTFs, the effects of which were reversed following treatment with TGF-β. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that LINC01605 knockdown may inhibit the viability of HTFs by inducing the apoptotic pathway. These findings may provide novel directions for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
| | - Hangzhu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
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19
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Shen XB, Ding DL, Yu LZ, Ni JZ, Liu Y, Wang W, Liu LM, Nian SH. Total extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105546. [PMID: 34954573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has been applied in clinical practice for a long history. Recently, components of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were reported to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory features; however, the effect of them on pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of total extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (TEAR) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis rat model was established by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, three doses of TEAR were intragastrically administered for consecutive 28 days. Subsequent to sacrificing of rats, pulmonary fibrosis was observed in rats treated with bleomycin, but administration of TEAR attenuated lung fibrosis, as evidenced by the improved lung histopathological damage and decreased weight loss and lung index. Moreover, TEAR treatment inhibited the inflammatory response in lung fibrosis, which was shown by the reduced nitrogen oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, TEAR modulated the redox balance in lung tissue by alleviated lipid peroxidation and enhanced enzymatic antioxidants activity. Meanwhile, TEAR protected the rats from fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, and the anti-fibrotic activity of TEAR may be related to the modulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Collectively, TEAR alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, indicating perspectives for development of a potential agent for lung fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Da-Li Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Li-Zhen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhong Ni
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu 241003, PR China.
| | - Si-Hui Nian
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China; Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China.
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Chen X, Huang J. Mangiferin inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1220. [PMID: 34603517 PMCID: PMC8453333 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is one of the complications that can occur after lung transplantation and may lead to morbidity and mortality. Mangiferin (MAF) is a naturally occurring glucosyl xanthone that has been documented to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and potent antioxidant effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of MAF on LIRI using a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) cell model. In the present study, the viability of lung alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and H/R-A549 were detected by MTT assay. ELISA was used to evaluate the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. TUNEL assay and western blotting were used to evaluate the apoptosis. In addition, H/R-A549 cells were treated with sirtinol, which is known inhibitor of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, to determine the effects of MAF on proteins associated with the SIRT1/5'AMP-activate protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway using western blotting. The results showed that 20 µM MAF exerted a protective effect on A549 cells against H/R mediating no clear cytotoxic effects. In terms of inflammation, MAF reduced IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which was accompanied by activation of the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, compared with those in the group treated with sirtinol, expression of SIRT1, Bcl-2 and AMPK activity were elevated in MAF-treated H/R-A549 cells, whereas the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 was suppressed. TUNEL analysis of H/R-A549 cells treated with MAF in combination with sirtinol revealed that treatment with sirtinol blocked the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway and increased the apoptosis rate compared with the MAF group. Taken together, results of the present study revealed that MAF could inhibit lung H/R cell injury through the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Danggui Buxue Tang Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing the TLR4/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8030143. [PMID: 34349830 PMCID: PMC8328708 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) on rats with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Sixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, PF, prednisone treatment, and DBT treatment. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM) was performed to establish a PF rat model. DBT was administered to PF rats concurrently for 2 weeks. Lung samples were then collected for HE and Masson staining after pulmonary function testing, and semiquantitative analysis for the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis was performed using the Szapiel and Ashcroft score systems. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydroxyproline (HYP), hyaluronic acid (HA), and inflammatory cytokine content were measured. Western blotting was performed to detect fibrotic marker and TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway changes. Results Oral administration of DBT attenuated weight loss, survival rate, and pulmonary index. Lung histopathologic lesions were also reduced. DBT inhibited PF by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and collagen deposition. Specifically, DBT reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, HYP, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III levels. Corollary experiments identified a potential mechanism involving suppression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway activation and the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis, the downstream regulatory pathway. Conclusion DBT exhibited a potent effect on BLM-induced PF rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Thus, DBT alleviates pulmonary inflammation to inhibit fibrotic pathology and should be considered as a candidate for the clinical treatment of PF.
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Xiong Y, Cui X, Zhou Y, Chai G, Jiang X, Ge G, Wang Y, Sun H, Che H, Nie Y, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in mice via the JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107780. [PMID: 34118645 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and irreversible inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. This study explored the potential role and mechanisms of Dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in a bleomycin (BLM) induced model. Treatment with DHL significantly reduced pathological injury and fibrosis, the secretion of BLM-induced pro-fibrotic mediators TGF-β and α-SMA, and components of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin). Additionally, in the early stages of inflammation, DHL administration inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and downregulated the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating that DHL treatment effectively alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BLM induced the production of IL-33 in vivo, which initiated and progressed pulmonary fibrosis by activating macrophages and enhancing the production of IL-13 and TGF-β. In contrast, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-33 after DHL treatment in vitro showed that DHL strongly reduced IL-13 and TGF-β. Regarding the mechanism, BLM-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB were significantly reduced after DHL treatment, which further led to the down-regulation of IL-33 expression, thereby decreasing IL-13 and TGF-β. Collectively, our data suggested that DHL could exert its anti-fibrosis effect via inhibiting the early inflammatory response by downregulating the JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress macrophage activation. Therefore, DHL has therapeutic potential for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Cui
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Guizhi Ge
- The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Huilian Che
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Li N, Xiong R, He R, Liu B, Wang B, Geng Q. Mangiferin Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2289-2300. [PMID: 34103962 PMCID: PMC8178744 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope Mangiferin (MF) is a natural phytopolyphenol, which displays potential pharmacological properties involving antibacterial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and anti-tumor. However, little is known about the roles of MF in lung injury. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the modulatory effects and molecular mechanisms by which MF operates in sepsis-induced lung injury. Methods and Results To examine the protective properties of MF, an in vivo model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice and an in vitro model of LPS-treated J774A.1 cells were established, respectively. The results revealed that MF treatment significantly relieved LPS-induced pathological injury and inflammatory response in murine lung tissues. Meanwhile, MF treatment also inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induced by LPS. In macrophage-specific NLRP3 deficiency mice treated with LPS, MF showed little protective effects. NLRP3 overexpression by adenovirus could also offset the beneficial effects of MF in LPS-treated J774A.1 cells. Furthermore, we found that MF could suppress the expression of NLPR3 and pyroptosis of macrophages by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunits P50 and P65. Conclusion MF protects against lung injury and inflammatory response by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a NF-κB-dependent manner in macrophages, which provides a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
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Wu S, Ye H, Xue T, Wang J. Mechanism of lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar type II epithelial cells in absence of other inflammatory cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211014427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that gram-negative bacilli infection can cause acute lung injury, and that consequent pulmonary fibrosis is caused when alveolar type-II epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism underlying this change remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether the main toxin of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can induce EMT in human alveolar epithelial cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Human alveolar type-II epithelial cells (A549) were used in EMT induction experiments. Cells were collected after LPS exposure, and changes in the expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers were determined. Further, the effect of LPS exposure on the expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad2/3 was assessed. The expression level of a mesenchymal cell marker was also assessed after pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 and TGF-β1 prior to addition of LPS, to identify downstream pathways involved in EMT induction. Results showed that LPS exposure caused significant downregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and upregulation of mesenchymal marker vimentin, together with increased expression of TGF-β1 and activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TLR4 inhibitors suppressed EMT, and treatment with the latter also reduced the expression level of TGF-β1. Overall, we conclude that LPS directly induces EMT in A549 cells through upregulation of TLR4 and activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Our results suggest that LPS-mediated pulmonary fibrosis may occur in ALI patients even if the LPS-induced inflammatory response is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - TianJiao Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Chen W, He S, Xiang D. Hypoxia-induced retinal pigment epithelium cell-derived bFGF promotes the migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through regulating TGF-β1/smad2/3 pathway. Gene 2021; 790:145695. [PMID: 33964379 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes the secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which plays an important part in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study preliminarily explored the effect of hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF on the biological functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After cell culture in hypoxia conditions, the cell viability, apoptosis, and the expressions of bFGF and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in human RPEs were detected by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, western blot, RT-qPCR, or ELISA. The HUVECs were transfected with siRNA for bFGF (sibFGF) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (siTGF-β1) and grown in the supernatant RPE under normoxia conditions or hypoxia conditions to further determine the cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and the expressions of TGF-β1, p-smad2/3, and smad2/3 in the cells by performing MTT, transwell, tube formation, Western blot, or RT-qPCR. Hypoxia culture decreased the cell viability and promoted the apoptosis as well as the expressions of bFGF and VEGFA in RPEs. In both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, RPE-derived bFGF increased the cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and the expressions of TGF-β1 and p-smad2/3 in the HUVECs, with hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF showing a stronger effect than bFGF induced by normoxia. However, sibFGF reversed the effects caused by RPE-derived bFGF. Moreover, siTGF-β1 decreased the high cell viability, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs, and downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated (p)-smad2/3 upregulated by hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF. Hypoxia-induced RPE-derived bFGF could promote the migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through regulating TGF-β1/smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shiping He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, China
| | - Daoman Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
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26
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Hosseini SA, Zahedipour F, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pulmonary fibrosis: Therapeutic and mechanistic insights into the role of phytochemicals. Biofactors 2021; 47:250-269. [PMID: 33548106 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the devastating consequence of various inflammatory diseases of the lung. PF leads to a reduction of lung function, respiratory failure, and death. Several molecular pathways are involved in PF, such as inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor β1 (TNFβ1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 4 (IL-4), reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteases, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Targeting these processes involved in the progression of PF is essential for the treatment of this disease. Natural products, including plant extracts and active compound that directly target the processes involved in PF, could be suitable therapeutic options with less adverse effects. In the present study, we reviewed the protective effects and the therapeutic role of various bioactive compounds from plants in PF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Shi J, Lv H, Tang C, Li Y, Huang J, Zhang H. Mangiferin inhibits cell migration and angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in high glucose‑ and hypoxia‑induced RRCECs. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:473. [PMID: 33899114 PMCID: PMC8097750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a prominent active component that can be derived from several traditional herbs, including Mangifera indica L., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., and Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC., which displays antidiabetic properties. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a serious complication caused by diabetes, is the leading cause of blindness. The present study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of mangiferin on high glucose (HG)/hypoxia‑induced rat retinal capillary endothelial cell (RRCEC) angiogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanisms. To establish an in vitro model of DR, RRCECs were exposed to 30 mM glucose and hypoxia. Following treatment with different doses of mangiferin (0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 µM), RRCEC viability, migration and angiogenesis were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit 8, immunofluorescence, wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate protein expression levels. Furthermore, LY294002 and IGF‑1, an inhibitor and activator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, respectively, were used to verify the potential mechanisms underlying mangiferin. The results demonstrated that mangiferin notably inhibited HG/hypoxia‑induced RRCEC migration and angiogenesis. HG/hypoxia‑induced upregulation of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression levels and the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in RRCECs was significantly reversed following treatment with mangiferin. Additionally, further activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by IGF‑1 inhibited the beneficial effects of mangiferin on RRCECs, whereas deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by LY294002 displayed the opposite results. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that mangiferin suppressed RRCEC angiogenesis via modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which could serve as an effective treatment strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
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28
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Wang S, Li J, He Y, Ran Y, Lu B, Gao J, Shu C, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Hao Y. Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120584. [PMID: 33887395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a complication commonly found in victims suffering from nuclear accidents and patients treated with chest tumor radiotherapy, and drugs are limited for effective prevention and treatment. Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short. In order to prolong the metabolism period of MET, we prepared MET entrapped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (MET/PLGANPS) for the treatment of RILI. As a result, the release rate of MET/PLGANPS in vitro was lower than MET, with stable physical properties, and it caused no changes in histopathology and biochemical indicators. After 2 weeks and 16 weeks of irradiation with the dose of 15 Gy, MET and MET/PLGANPS could reduce the expression of caspase-3 proteins, inflammatory factors, TGF-β1 and Smad3 to alleviate radiation-induced lung injury. MET/PLGANPS showed better therapeutic effect on RILI than MET. In addition, we also found that high expression of miR-21 could increase the expression levels of TGF-β1, and inhibit the protective effect of MET/PLGANPS. In conclusion, MET/PLGANPS may alleviate RILI by inhibiting the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which would provide a new target for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Normal University, No.37, Middle University Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Wang L, Chang M, Tian Y, Yan J, Xu W, Yuan S, Zhang K, Liu X. The Role of Smad2 in Transforming Growth Factor β 1-Induced Hypertrophy of Ligamentum Flavum. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:e128-e136. [PMID: 33831616 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) contributes to the development of spinal stenosis. Smad proteins can mediate the fibrogenesis activity through the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) pathway, but which Smad protein plays a more important role in the hypertrophy process of LF is unclear. METHODS The LF samples were obtained from 50 patients. After the LF cells (LFCs) were cultured, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that target human phosphorylated-Smad2, 3, or 4 (p-Smad2,3,4) genes was transfected into LFCs. Next, proteins from cells were extracted and the protein levels of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blot. The messenger ribonucleic acid level of TGF-β1 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to test the impact of Smad2 downstream of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. RESULTS Degeneration of the LF was characterized by an increase in disorganized elastic fibers and fibrotic transformation by extracellular collagen deposition. The gene expression analysis of fibrotic genes in LFCs showed that knockdown of phosphorylated-Smad2 by siRNA significantly reduced the protein expression level of TGF-β1 compared with other groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggested that the protein expression level of Smad2 can influence the downstream events of TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the LFCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Smad2 plays a potential role in the pathologic development of hypertrophy of LF. We also found that Smad2 knockdown by Smad-siRNA can influence the TGF-β1 signaling pathway through decreasing expression of TGF-β1, tumor necrosis factor α, and nuclear factor κb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wanlong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Suomao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Dahuang Zhechong Pills Suppress Silicosis Fibrosis Progression via p38 MAPK/TGF- β1/Smad Pathway In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6662261. [PMID: 33868442 PMCID: PMC8034999 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dahuang Zhechong pills (DHZCP) is a classic Chinese medicinal prescription in “Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases (Shanghan Zabing Lun),” and it has the function of tonifying blood, nourishing Yin, and removing blood stasis. Previous studies have shown that DHZCP could alleviate SiO2 induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. This study aims to further explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of DHZCP against silicosis fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Methods We used the experimental model of SiO2-induced MH-S cells to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DHZCP. MH-S cells induced by SiO2 were intervened with the drug-containing serum of DHZCP, and the effects of drug-containing serum of DHZCP on the MH-S cells were detected by CCK8, ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results DHZCP improved cell viability by reducing apoptosis. It also decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in the supernatant of MH-S cells induced by SiO2, inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK, blocked the activation of NF-κB, and controlled the upstream inflammatory response by multiple targeting. Concomitantly, we observed upregulation of Smad7 and a marked decline in TGF-β1, α-SMA, Smad2, Smad3 expression in MH-S cells treated with DHZCP. Conclusion To sum up, we conclude that DHZCP protects against SiO2-induced silicosis by reducing the persistent irritation of inflammation, regulating the p38 MAPK/TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Mei S, Ma H, Chen X. Anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin: A review of its molecular mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cheng J, Ren C, Cheng R, Li Y, Liu P, Wang W, Liu L. Mangiferin ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats by inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:131-137. [PMID: 33602883 PMCID: PMC7893489 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the process spontaneously occurred in living organisms. Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of cardiac aging. Mangiferin is a well-known C-glucoside xanthone in mango leaves with lots of beneficial properties. In this study, rat model of cardiac fibrosis was induced by injected with 150 mg/kg/d D-galactose for 8 weeks. The age-related cardiac decline was estimated by detecting the relative weight of heart, the serum levels of cardiac injury indicators and the expression of hypertrophic biomakers. Cardiac oxidative stress and local inflammation were measured by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidant status and proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition via masson and sirius red staining, as well as by examining the expression of extracellular matrix proteins via Western blot analysis. The cardiac activity of profibrotic TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation levels of p38 and MK2. It was observed that mangiferin ameliorated D-galactose-induced cardiac aging, attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. These results showed that mangiferin could ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats possibly via inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Ren
- Dong Xi Hu Municipal Healthcare Security Administration, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Renli Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Yunning Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xian 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
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Shen YH, Cheng MH, Liu XY, Zhu DW, Gao J. Sodium Houttuyfonate Inhibits Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596492. [PMID: 33716736 PMCID: PMC7947865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) could severely disrupt the normal lung architecture and function with fatal consequences. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PF or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sodium Houttuyfonate (SH) on bleomycin (BLM) induced PF mice model. Our results indicated that SH could attenuate BLM induced lung injury by reducing the inflammation, fibrogenesis and lung/body weight ratio. The proposed mechanisms for the protective effects of SH include: 1) improvement of pulmonary function in BLM mice, for instance, it can elevate the vital capacity (VC), increase the forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF50) and improve other pulmonary function indices; 2) inhibition of collagen formation in BLM mice; 3) attenuation of the elevation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are triggered by BLM administration; 4) reduction of the mRNA level and protein production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in BLM mice. Furthermore, it was found that the protective effects of SH against BLM induced PF in mice was comparable to that of prednisone acetate (PA) tablets, a widely used drug for immunological diseases. Although Houttuynia Cordata Thunb has been widely used in China for lung infection and inflammation, the mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Our study provides the evidence that SH is an effective compound against pulmonary injury, irritation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wang J, Zhao X, Feng W, Li Y, Peng C. Inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text] 1-Mediated Cellular Processes as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Chinese Herbal Medicines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1965-1999. [PMID: 34961416 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible interstitial lung disease that even threatens the lives of some patients infected with COVID-19. PF is a multicellular pathological process, including the initial injuries of epithelial cells, recruitment of inflammatory cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, etc. TGF-[Formula: see text]1 acts as a key effect factor that participates in these cellular processes of PF. Recently, much attention was paid to inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text]1 mediated cell processes in the treatment of PF with Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, this review first summarized the effects of TGF-[Formula: see text]1 in different cellular processes of PF. Then, this review summarized the recent research on CHM (compounds, multi-components, single medicines and prescriptions) to directly and/or indirectly inhibit TGF-[Formula: see text]1 signaling (TLRs, PPARs, micrRNA, etc.) in PF. Most of the research focused on CHM natural compounds, including but not limited to alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenes. After review, the research perspectives of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1 inhibition in PF were further discussed. This review hopes that revealing the inhibiting effects of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1-mediated cellular processes of PF can promote CHM to be better understood and utilized, thus transforming the therapeutic activities of CHM into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Huang C, Fan S. Mangiferin and organ fibrosis: A mini review. Biofactors 2021; 47:59-68. [PMID: 33217771 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end stage of many chronic diseases, which results in organ function failure and high mortality. Mangiferin is a major constituent in mango and other 16 plants, and has been shown a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation. The emerging evidence has shown that mangiferin can improve renal interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrogenesis effects, indicating that mangiferin is promising therapeutic choice for organ fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the therapeutic effects of mangiferin on fibrosis of various organs and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu J, Yao H, Wang S, Li H, Hou X. Mangiferin Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy Induced by Staphylococcus aureus in RAW264.7 Cells. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:847-857. [PMID: 33177860 PMCID: PMC7650040 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s280091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important bacterial pathogen, which creates infective inflammation to human being and animals. Mangiferin (MG) is one of the natural flavonoids with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the anti-apoptosis and anti-autophagy of MG are unknown. Hence, this study was aimed to research the inhibition of MG on S. aureus-induced apoptosis and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. Methods The RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with MG, or pretreated with SP600125 or anisomycin synchronously, and then infected with S. aureus (MOI=100:1). The viability and proliferation status of RAW264.7 cells were detected by MTT and EdU assay. The relative expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 protein was tested with ELISA. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38, LC3, Beclin-1, p62, phosphorylated JNK, phosphorylated p38 and phosphorylated ERK in cells were detected by Western blotting. The apoptosis rate of RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by flow cytometric assay. Results The study showed that MG significantly attenuated RAW264.7 cells apoptosis and autophagy caused by S. aureus. MG alleviated S. aureus-induced apoptosis by down-regulating the protein level of active caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulating the level of Bcl-2. MG also inhibited S. aureus-induced autophagy via decreasing the protein level of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 or increasing the protein expression of p62. This protective role was dependent on the up-regulation of JNK signal pathway, which was confirmed by using JNK agonist and inhibitor. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that MG might protect RAW264.7 cells from S. aureus-induced apoptosis and autophagy via inhibiting JNK/Bax-dependent signal pathway. Therefore, MG may be a potential agent against pathological cell damage induced by S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mu E, Wang J, Chen L, Lin S, Chen J, Huang X. Ketogenic diet induces autophagy to alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in murine models. Exp Lung Res 2020; 47:26-36. [PMID: 33121292 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1840667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Ketogenic diet (KD) has been identified as an effective strategy in treating multiple diseases. KD is capable of inducing autophagy which is an important therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This study aimed to investigate the effect of KD treatment on PF progression. Materials and Methods: Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg) to establish PF model in male Kunming mice fed either KD or standard diet. The survival of mice was recorded every day for 3 weeks. The pulmonary tissues were weighed on day 21 and the pulmonary index was calculated. The histopathological changes of pulmonary tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining, and the collagen deposition by hydroxyproline assay. Then the content of proinflammatory factors in pulmonary tissues was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of profibrogenic cytokines, autophagy markers and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in pulmonary tissues using western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Results: KD treatment significantly restored the BLM-induced increase of pulmonary index and had a tendency to increase the survival rate of PF mice. Furthermore, KD treatment restored the BLM-induced damage of alveolar structure, infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition and decreased hydroxyproline content. In addition, the BLM-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β and expression of transforming growth factor β1, phospho-Smad2/3, connective tissue growth factor, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type III alpha 1 chain were inhibited by KD. KD treatment also up-regulated the expression of light chain 3 II/I and Beclin1 and down-regulated the expression of p62, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR and phospho-p70S6K, suggesting that KD induced autophagy and suppressed the BLM-induced activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: These findings indicate that KD can alleviate PF in vivo by regulating autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Mu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuirong Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Phytother Res 2020; 35:810-822. [PMID: 32961631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). MGF has shown diverse effects such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating properties. MGF also has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways. In this review, we examined and evaluated the literature dealing with the protective effects of MGF against various chemical toxicities. Our literature review indicated that the MGF-induced protective effects against the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and environmental chemicals were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (along with enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and the MAPK survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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Yang Y, Tai W, Lu N, Li T, Liu Y, Wu W, Li Z, Pu L, Zhao X, Zhang T, Dong Z. lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and ferroptosis via functioning as a ceRNA through miR-150-5p/SLC38A1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9085-9102. [PMID: 32453709 PMCID: PMC7288977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal fibrotic lung disease. The role of lncRNAs in multiple diseases has been confirmed, but the role and mechanism of lncRNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) in the progression of PF need to be elucidated further. Here, we found that lncRNA ZFAS1 was upregulated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF rats lung tissues and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated HFL1 cells, and positively correlated with the expression of solute carrier family 38 member 1 (SLC38A1), which is an important regulator of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, knockdown of lncRNA ZFAS1 significantly alleviated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation, inflammation and lipid peroxidation. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of lncRNA ZFAS1 abolished BLM-induced lipid peroxidation and PF development. Mechanistically, silencing of lncRNA ZFAS1 attenuated ferroptosis and PF progression by lncRNA ZFAS1 acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and sponging miR-150-5p to downregulate SLC38A1 expression. Collectively, our studies demonstrated the role of the lncRNA ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/SLC38A1 axis in the progression of PF, and may provide a new biomarker for the treatment of PF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Nihong Lu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650041, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengkun Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
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Zhao H, Li C, Li L, Liu J, Gao Y, Mu K, Chen D, Lu A, Ren Y, Li Z. Baicalin alleviates bleomycin‑induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in rats via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2321-2334. [PMID: 32323806 PMCID: PMC7185294 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is an important flavonoid compound THAT is isolated from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Chinese herb and plays a critical role in anti‑oxidative, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑infection and anti‑tumor functions. Although baicalin can suppress the proliferation of tumor cells, the underlying mechanisms of baicalin in bleomycin (BLM)‑induced pulmonary fibrosis remain to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the role of baicalin in pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to measure the morphology of pulmonary fibrosis, ELIASA kits were used to test the ROS and inflammation, and western blotting and TUNEL were performed to study the apoptosis proteins. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of baicalin on proliferation of fibroblasts. The most significantly fibrotic changes were identified in the lungs of model rats at day 28. Baicalin (50 mg/kg) attenuated the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline content of the lung tissues was decreased in the baicalin group, compared with the BLM group. Further investigation revealed that baicalin significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑px), total‑superoxide dismutase (T‑SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, whilst decreasing that of serum malondialdehyde (MDA). TUNEL‑positive cells were significantly decreased in rats treated with baicalin group, compared with the model group. Furthermore, it was found that BLM promoted fibroblasts viability in a dose‑dependent manner in vivo, which was restricted following treatment with different concentrations of baicalin. Moreover, BLM promoted the expression levels of cyclin A, D and E, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, phosphorylated (p)‑AKT and p‑calcium/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase type. BLM also promoted the transition of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the G2/M and S phases, and increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was subsequently suppressed by baicalin. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that baicalin exerted a suppressive effect on BLM‑induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chundi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Donghe Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Wu SH, Lu IC, Tai MH, Chai CY, Kwan AL, Huang SH. Erythropoietin Alleviates Burn-induced Muscle Wasting. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:33-44. [PMID: 31929736 PMCID: PMC6945565 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burn injury induces long-term skeletal muscle pathology. We hypothesized EPO could attenuate burn-induced muscle fiber atrophy. Methods: Rats were allocated into four groups: a sham burn group, an untreated burn group subjected to third degree hind paw burn, and two burn groups treated with weekly or daily EPO for four weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed at four weeks post-burn. Results: EPO attenuated the reduction of mean myofiber cross-sectional area post-burn and the level of the protective effect was no significant difference between two EPO-treated groups (p=0.784). Furthermore, EPO decreased the expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase, atrogin-1, which was up-regulated in response to burn. Compared to untreated burn rats, those receiving weekly or daily EPO groups had less cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. EPO decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 (key factor in the caspase-dependent pathway) and apoptosis-inducing factor (implicated in the caspase-independent pathway) after burn. Furthermore, EPO alleviated connective tissue overproduction following burn via transforming growth factor beta 1-Smad2/3 pathway. Daily EPO group caused significant erythrocytosis compared with untreated burn group but not weekly EPO group. Conclusion: EPO therapy attenuated skeletal muscle apoptosis and fibrosis at four weeks post-burn. Weekly EPO may be a safe and effective option in muscle wasting post-burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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44
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Pan H, Qiu H, Zhang K, Zhang P, Liang W, Yang M, Mou C, Lin M, He M, Xiao X, Zhang D, Wang H, Liu F, Li Y, Jin H, Yan X, Liang H, Cui W. Fascaplysin Derivatives Are Potent Multitarget Agents against Alzheimer's Disease: in Vitro and in Vivo Evidence. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4741-4756. [PMID: 31639294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and impaired cognitive functions. Fascaplysin is a β-carboline alkaloid isolated from marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis bergquist in 1988. Previous studies have shown that fascaplysin might act on acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid (Aβ) to produce anti-AD properties. In this study, a series of fascaplysin derivatives were synthesized. The cholinesterase inhibition activities, the neuronal protective effects, and the toxicities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 2a and 2b, the two most powerful compounds in vitro, were further selected to evaluate their cognitive-enhancing effects in animals. Both 2a and 2b could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine or Aβ oligomers without affecting locomotor functions in mice. We also found that 2a and 2b could prevent cholinergic dysfunctions, decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and inhibit Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in vivo. Most importantly, pharmacodynamics studies suggested that 2b could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be retained in the central nervous system. All these results suggested that fascaplysin derivatives are potent multitarget agents against AD and might be clinical useful for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Pan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongda Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weida Liang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenye Mou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Miaoman Lin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Difan Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Saghir SAM, Al-Gabri NA, Khafaga AF, El-shaer NH, Alhumaidh KA, Elsadek MF, Ahmed BM, Alkhawtani DM, Abd El-Hack ME. Thymoquinone-PLGA-PVA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and iNOS Signaling. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E951. [PMID: 31717986 PMCID: PMC6912694 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is considered one of the most chronic interstitial illnesses which are not easily treated. thymoquinone's (TQ) benefits are still partly problematic due to poor water solubility; therefore, it was loaded onto PLGA-PVA carriers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of TQ-PLGA-PVA nanoparticles (TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in albino rats. Forty male rats were randomized into four groups. The first group served as the control group; the second and the third groups received bleomycin intratracheally, whereas the third group received TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs after 4 weeks from bleomycin administration. The fourth group was administrated TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs alone. The designed nanoparticles appeared around 20 nm size (10-30 nm), had a spherical shape, and had 80% encapsulation efficiency. The histological examination of rats simultaneously treated with TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs and bleomycin revealed reduction in the thickness of the alveolar septa and improvement of the other lung structures, with the presence of lymphocytes admixed with exfoliated epithelium in a few lumina remaining. Ultrastructural findings revealed marked collagenolysis and the release of nanoparticles from ruptured pneumocytes within the alveolar septa after 14 days from TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs administration. Very active pneumocyte types II were seen in the TQ-PLGA-PVANP group. Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and estimation of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues including interleukin 10 (IL 10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) confirmed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of TQ-PLGA-PVANPs. The study concluded that TQ-PLGA-PVA-NPs could attenuate the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, through the inhibition of lung inflammation and the suppression of bleomycin- induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan A. M. Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma‘an 71111, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Naif A. Al-Gabri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar 2153, Yemen;
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Nahla H. El-shaer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Khaled A. Alhumaidh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalamoon University, Damascus 222, Syria;
| | - Mohamed F. Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.E.); (B.M.A.); (D.M.A.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Badreldin M. Ahmed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.E.); (B.M.A.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Daniyah M. Alkhawtani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.E.); (B.M.A.); (D.M.A.)
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