1
|
Kádár S, Kennedy A, Lee S, Ruiz R, Farkas A, Tőzsér P, Csicsák D, Tóth G, Sinkó B, Borbás E. Bioequivalence prediction with small-scale biphasic dissolution and simultaneous dissolution-permeation apparatus-An aripiprazole case study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106782. [PMID: 38697313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Both biphasic dissolution and simultaneous dissolution-permeation (D-P) systems have great potential to improve the in vitro-in vivo correlation compared to simple dissolution assays, but the assay conditions, and the evaluation methods still need to be refined in order to effectively use these apparatuses in drug development. Therefore, this comprehensive study aimed to compare the predictive accuracy of small-volume (16-20 mL) D-P system and small-volume (40-80 mL) biphasic dissolution apparatus in bioequivalence prediction of five aripiprazole (ARP) containing marketed drug products. Assay conditions, specifically dose dependence were studied to overcome the limitations of both small-scale systems. In case of biphasic dissolution the in vivo maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) prediction greatly improved with the dose reduction of ARP, while in case of the D-P setup the use of whole tablet gave just as accurate prediction as the scaled dose. With the dose reduction strategy both equipment was able to reach 100 % accuracy in bioequivalence prediction for Cmax ratio. In case of the in vivo area under the curve (AUC) prediction the predictive accuracy for the AUC ratio was not dependent on the dose, and both apparatus had a 100 % accuracy predicting bioequivalence based on AUC results. This paper presents for the first time that not only selected parameters of flux assays (like permeability, initial flux, AUC value) were used as an input parameter of a mechanistic model (gastrointestinal unified theory) to predict absorption rate but the whole in vitro flux profile was used. All fraction absorbed values estimated by Predictor Software fell within the ±15 % acceptance range during the comparison with the in vivo data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew Kennedy
- Pion Inc UK Ltd., Forest Row Business Park, Forest Row RH18 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel Lee
- Pion Inc UK Ltd., Forest Row Business Park, Forest Row RH18 5DW, UK
| | - Rebeca Ruiz
- Pion Inc UK Ltd., Forest Row Business Park, Forest Row RH18 5DW, UK
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, Budapest 1092, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, Budapest 1092, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huzjak T, Jakasanovski O, Berginc K, Puž V, Zajc-Kreft K, Jeraj Ž, Janković B. Overcoming drug impurity challenges in amorphous solid dispersion with rational development of biorelevant dissolution-permeation method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106655. [PMID: 38016626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion is often used to prepare amorphous solid dispersion to overcome low drug solubility and enhance bio-performance of the formulation. Due to the uniqueness of each drug - polymer combination and its physico-chemical properties, setting the appropriate HME barrel temperature, feed rate and screw speed ensures drug amorphization, absence of residual crystallinity, absence of water, and a suitable drug release profile. In this research, samples with BCS II/IV model drug and PVP/VA polymer were prepared to evaluate the impact of HME process parameters, incoming drug form (anhydrous vs. hydrate), and drug supplier (i.e., impurity profile), on biorelevant drug release. This study provides a relationship between observed in vitro supersaturation and precipitation behavior of amorphous solid dispersion formulation with in vivo results, on patients, by using the acceptor profile of side-by-side dissolution-permeation apparatus. An in vitro dissolution method, in small volumes, in an apparatus with paddles and dissolution-permeation side-by-side method was developed on the MicroFlux™ apparatus to assess if the differences observed in vitro bears relevance to the bioequivalence outcome in vivo. The former was used to guide the generic drug product development due to high discriminatory strength, while the latter was biorelevant, due to the inclusion of the second compartment assuring absorptive environment to capture the impact of supersaturation and subsequent precipitation on bioavailability. Bio-relevancy of the in vitro method was confirmed with the in vivo dog study and clinical study on patients, and an in vitro - in vivo correlation was established. For the investigated BCS II/IV drug, this research highlights the importance of considering supersaturation and formation of colloidal species during amorphous solid dispersion release testing to assure product quality, safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Huzjak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia.
| | - O Jakasanovski
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| | - K Berginc
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| | - V Puž
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| | - K Zajc-Kreft
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| | - Ž Jeraj
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| | - B Janković
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 1526, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rune Jørgensen J, Mohr W, Rischer M, Sauer A, Mistry S, Rades T, Müllertz A. In vitro-in vivo relationship for amorphous solid dispersions using a double membrane dissolution-permeation setup. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00114-5. [PMID: 37146739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is one commonly applied formulation strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by overcoming dissolution rate and/or solubility limitations. While bioavailability enhancement of ASDs is well documented, it has often been a challenge to establish a predictive model describing in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR). In this study, it is hypothesized that drug absorption might be overestimated by in vitro dissolution-permeation (D/P)-setups, when drug in suspension has the possibility of directly interacting with the permeation barrier. This is supported by the overprediction of drug absorption from neat crystalline efavirenz compared to four ASDs in a D/P-setup based on the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). However, linear IVIVR (R2 = 0.97) is established in a modified D/P-setup in which the addition of a hydrophilic PVDF-filter acts as a physical boundary between the donor compartment and the PAMPA-membrane. Based on microscopic visualization, the improved predictability of the modified D/P-setup is due to the avoidance of direct dissolution of drug particles in the lipid components of the PAMPA-membrane. In general, this principle might aid in providing a more reliable evaluation of formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs before initiating animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rune Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Mohr
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 13, 79395 Neuenburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Sauer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Shilpa Mistry
- Harke Pharma GmbH, Xantener Str. 1, 45479 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jacobsen AC, Visentin S, Butnarasu C, Stein PC, di Cagno MP. Commercially Available Cell-Free Permeability Tests for Industrial Drug Development: Increased Sustainability through Reduction of In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020592. [PMID: 36839914 PMCID: PMC9964961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacing in vivo with in vitro studies can increase sustainability in the development of medicines. This principle has already been applied in the biowaiver approach based on the biopharmaceutical classification system, BCS. A biowaiver is a regulatory process in which a drug is approved based on evidence of in vitro equivalence, i.e., a dissolution test, rather than on in vivo bioequivalence. Currently biowaivers can only be granted for highly water-soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class I/III drugs. When evaluating poorly soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class II/IV drugs, in vitro dissolution testing has proved to be inadequate for predicting in vivo drug performance due to the lack of permeability interpretation. The aim of this review was to provide solid proofs that at least two commercially available cell-free in vitro assays, namely, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, PAMPA, and the PermeaPad® assay, PermeaPad, in different formats and set-ups, have the potential to reduce and replace in vivo testing to some extent, thus increasing sustainability in drug development. Based on the literature review presented here, we suggest that these assays should be implemented as alternatives to (1) more energy-intense in vitro methods, e.g., refining/replacing cell-based permeability assays, and (2) in vivo studies, e.g., reducing the number of pharmacokinetic studies conducted on animals and humans. For this to happen, a new and modern legislative framework for drug approval is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cosmin Butnarasu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul C. Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Best practices in current models mimicking drug permeability in the gastrointestinal tract - an UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 170:106098. [PMID: 34954051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of orally administered drug products is a complex, dynamic process, dependent on a range of biopharmaceutical properties; notably the aqueous solubility of a molecule, stability within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and permeability. From a regulatory perspective, the concept of high intestinal permeability is intrinsically linked to the fraction of the oral dose absorbed. The relationship between permeability and the extent of absorption means that experimental models of permeability have regularly been used as a surrogate measure to estimate the fraction absorbed. Accurate assessment of a molecule's intestinal permeability is of critical importance during the pharmaceutical development process of oral drug products, and the current review provides a critique of in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The usefulness of in silico models to predict drug permeability is also discussed and an overview of solvent systems used in permeability assessments is provided. Studies of drug absorption in humans are an indirect indicator of intestinal permeability, but in vitro and ex vivo tools provide initial screening approaches are important tools for direct assessment of permeability in drug development. Continued refinement of the accuracy of in silico approaches and their validation with human in vivo data will facilitate more efficient characterisation of permeability earlier in the drug development process and will provide useful inputs for integrated, end-to-end absorption modelling.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lentz KA, Plum J, Steffansen B, Arvidsson PO, Omkvist DH, Pedersen AJ, Sennbro CJ, Pedersen GP, Jacobsen J. Predicting in vivo performance of fenofibrate amorphous solid dispersions using in vitro non-sink dissolution and dissolution permeation setup. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121174. [PMID: 34655705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is emerging as a useful formulation strategy to increase the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients with poor solubility. In vitro dissolution testing under non-sink conditions has often been used to evaluate the ability of ASDs to generate and maintain supersaturation to predict the in vivo performance. However, such a single compartment dissolution setup can fail to predict the oral bioavailability, due to an interdependence between precipitation and permeation. Hence, the use of two compartment dissolution-permeation setups is emerging. In this study, three ASDs containing fenofibrate as model drug substance were developed using Soluplus®, and Hypromellose Acetate Succinate in two different grades (high and low), respectively. The aim was to compare the use of a small-scale in vitro non-sink dissolution setup and a small-scale in vitro dissolution-permeation setup to predict the in vivo oral exposure of the ASDs in rats. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC) obtained in the in vitro studies were used to predict the in vivo rank order of the formulations. The results showed that the two in vitro studies resulted in the same rank order based on both Cmax and AUC. Interestingly, Cmax resulted in a better in vitro/in vivo correlation than the in vitro AUC, and based on the in vitro Cmax, the in vivo rank order was predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Aagaard Lentz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; LEO Pharma, A/S, Industriparken 55, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Plum
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; LEO Pharma, A/S, Industriparken 55, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|