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Sueyoshi S, Vitor Silva J, Guizze F, Giarolla J. Dendrimers as drug delivery systems for oncotherapy: Current status of promising applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124573. [PMID: 39134292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, causing death and serious health problems. Despite significant investment in the development of new anticancer compounds, there are still several limitations that can still be found. Many compounds exhibit high levels of toxicity and low bioavailability. Therefore, it is urgent to design safer, more effective, and particularly more selective compounds for oncological treatment. Dendrimers are polymeric structures that have been shown to be potential drug nanocarriers to overcome physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and indirect pharmacodynamic issues. Due to their versatility, they can be used in the design of nanovaccines, lipophilic complexes, amphiphilic complexes, smart nanocomplexes, and others. This work targets the use of dendrimers in oncological treatment and their importance and effectiveness as drug delivery systems for the development of new therapies. For this review, only publications from the last two years are considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sueyoshi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Guizze
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Estrada-Pérez AR, García-Vázquez JB, Mendoza-Figueroa HL, Rosales-Hernández MC, Fernández-Pomares C, Correa-Basurto J. Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Study of HO-AAVPA and VPA on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14543. [PMID: 37833990 PMCID: PMC10572250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the biggest health problems worldwide, characterized by intricate metabolic and biochemical complexities stemming from pronounced variations across dysregulated molecular pathways. If BC is not diagnosed early, complications may lead to death. Thus, the pursuit of novel therapeutic avenues persists, notably focusing on epigenetic pathways such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). The compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), a derivative of valproic acid (VPA), has emerged as a promising candidate warranting pre-clinical investigation. HO-AAVPA is an HDAC inhibitor with antiproliferative effects on BC, but its molecular mechanism has yet to be deciphered. Furthermore, in the present study, we determined the metabolomic effects of HO-AAVPA and VPA on cells of luminal breast cancer (MCF-7) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) subtypes. The LC-MS untargeted metabolomic study allowed for the simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites and pathways, identifying that both compounds affect glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, suggesting that other biological targets were different from HDACs. In addition, there are different dysregulate metabolites, possibly due to the physicochemical differences between HO-AAVPA and VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rubén Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Benjamín García-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Humberto L. Mendoza-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Pomares
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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Correa Basurto AM, Tamay Cach F, Jarillo Luna RA, Cabrera Pérez LC, Correa Basurto J, García Dolores F, Mendieta Wejebe JE. Hepatotoxic Evaluation of N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide: A Novel Derivative of Valproic Acid for the Treatment of Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:6282. [PMID: 37687111 PMCID: PMC10488843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug that has various therapeutic applications; however, it has been associated with liver damage. Furthermore, it is interesting to propose new compounds derived from VPA as N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA). The HO-AAVPA has better antiproliferative activity than the VPA in different cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the liver injury of HO-AAVPA by acute treatment (once administration) and repeated doses for 7 days under intraperitoneal administration. The median lethal dose value (LD50) was determined in rats and mice (females and males) using OECD Guideline 425. In the study, male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7), G1: control (without treatment), G2: vehicle, G3: VPA (500 mg/kg), and G4: HO-AAVPA (708 mg/kg, in equimolar ratio to VPA). Some biomarkers related to hepatotoxicity were evaluated. In addition, macroscopic and histological studies were performed. The LD50 value of HO-AAVPA was greater than 2000 mg/kg. Regarding macroscopy and biochemistry, the HO-AAVPA does not induce liver injury according to the measures of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities. Comparing the treatment with HO-AAVPA and VPA did not show a significant difference with the control group, while malondialdehyde and glutathione-reduced levels in the group treated with HO-AAVPA were close to those of the control (p ≤ 0.05). The histological study shows that liver lesions caused by HO-AAVPA were less severe compared with VPA. Therefore, it is suggested that HO-AAVPA does not induce hepatotoxicity at therapeutic doses, considering that in the future it could be proposed as an antineoplastic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Feliciano Tamay Cach
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Bioquímica Aplicada, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Adriana Jarillo Luna
- Laboratorio de Morfología, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Laura Cristina Cabrera Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, La Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
| | - José Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Fernando García Dolores
- Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses de la Ciudad de México, Av. Niños Héroes 130. Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Jessica Elena Mendieta Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (A.M.C.B.); (L.C.C.P.); (J.C.B.)
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PAMAM-G4 protect the N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA) and maintain its antiproliferative effects on MCF-7. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3383. [PMID: 36854957 PMCID: PMC9974963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our work group designed and synthesized a promissory compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA). The HO-AAVPA is a HDAC1 inhibitor and antiproliferative in cancer cell lines. However, HO-AAVPA is poor water solubility and enzymatically metabolized. In this work, the fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-G4) was used as a drug deliver carrier of HO-AAVPA. Moreover, HO-AAVPA and HO-AAVPA-PAMAM complex were submitted to forced degradation studies (heat, acid, base, oxidation and sunlight). Also, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was assayed as antiproliferative in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was obtained by docking and experimentally using three pH conditions: acid (pH = 3.0), neutral (pH = 7.0) and basic (pH = 9.0) showing that PAMAM-G4 captureand protect the HO-AAVPA from forced degradation, it is due to sunlight yielded a by-product from HO-AAVPA. In addition, the PAMAM-G4 favored the HO-AAVPA water solubility under basic and neutral pH conditions with significant difference (F(2,18) = 259.9, p < 0.001) between the slopes of the three conditions being the basic condition which solubilizes the greatest amount of HO-AAVPA. Finally, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex showed better antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 (IC50 = 75.3 μM) than HO-AAVPA (IC50 = 192 μM). These results evidence that PAMAM-G4 complex improve the biological effects of HO-AAVPA.
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Galindo-Alvarez NL, Mendoza-Figueroa HL, Rosales-Hernández MC, Bakalara N, Correa-Basurto J. Decrease in Cell Viability of Breast Cancer Cells by a Di-Hydroxylated Derivative of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1802-1812. [PMID: 34525926 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210915100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preliminary study of the biotransformation by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), an HDAC inhibitor, led to the synthesis of two hydroxylated derivatives: N-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (5a) and N-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (5b). OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of these di-hydroxylated derivatives in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS MTT assays were conducted in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies were carried out to evaluate the affinity of these derivatives with the HDAC1 enzyme. RESULTS Results showed that only 5b possess an enhanced anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Docking studies revealed that the presence of hydroxyl groups, as well as the position of the additional hydroxyl groups, could have an impact on HDAC1 affinity and could explain the lack of activity of compound 5a. CONCLUSION A priori, these results hypothesize that anti-proliferative activity of 5b could be related to HDAC1 inhibition and thus anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Lizeth Galindo-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Humberto L Mendoza-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Norbert Bakalara
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier. France
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
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