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Su J, Zhang J, Bao R, Xia C, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Lv Q, Qi Y, Xue J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are attenuated through activation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174202. [PMID: 34048739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder worldwide, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and decrease of dopamine content. Mitochondria plays an important role in the development of PD. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are all key proteins that regulate mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis, and they are involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD mice and MPP+ iodide-induced PC12 cells. MPTP-induced mice were subjected to behavioral testing to assess PD-like behaviors. Various molecular biological techniques including ELISA, Western blot, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and the important instruments Seahorse XF24 Extracellular and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used to identify the underlying molecular events of mitochondria. Treatment with the AMPK activator GSK621 dramatically ameliorated PD by increasing the levels of dopamine and rescuing the loss of dopaminergic neurons, which is dependent on the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, regulation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway-related proteins by GSK621 was partially inhibited the development of PD, suggesting a negative feedback loop exists between AMPK action and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis. Our data preliminarily indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of PD might be mediated by AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway action, which might be a promising new option for future therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Su
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqin Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China.
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