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Wani AK, Prakash A, Sena S, Akhtar N, Singh R, Chopra C, Ariyanti EE, Mudiana D, Yulia ND, Rahayu F. Unraveling molecular signatures in rare bone tumors and navigating the cancer pathway landscapes for targeted therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104291. [PMID: 38346462 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare cancers (RCs), which account for over 20% of cancer cases, face significant research and treatment challenges due to their limited prevalence. This results in suboptimal outcomes compared to more common malignancies. Rare bone tumors (RBTs) constitute 5-10% of rare cancer cases and pose unique diagnostic complexities. The therapeutic potential of anti-cancer drugs for RBTs remains largely unexplored. Identifying molecular alterations in cancer-related genes and their associated pathways is essential for precision medicine in RBTs. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific RBT-associated proteins show promise. Ongoing clinical trials aim to define RBT biomarkers, subtypes, and optimal treatment contexts, including combination therapies and immunotherapeutic agents. This review addresses the challenges in diagnosing, treating, and studying RBTs, shedding light on the current state of RBT biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and promising inhibitors. Rare cancers demand attention and innovative solutions to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India.
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Saikat Sena
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India
| | - Esti Endah Ariyanti
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Deden Mudiana
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nina Dwi Yulia
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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Şişli HB, Hayal TB, Şenkal S, Bulut E, Kıratlı B, Asutay AB, Şahin F, Bayrak ÖF, Doğan A. Activation of Wnt Pathway Suppresses Growth of MUG-Chor1 Chordoma Cell Line. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:823-837. [PMID: 37751039 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Chordoma as a malignant bone tumor, occurs along the axial skeleton and does not have an effective therapy. Brachyury, which is a crucial player for the formation of early embryonic notochord, is abundantly found in both sporadic and familial chordoma. During embryonic development, Brachyury expression was reported to be regulated by the Wnt pathway. The objective of the study is to investigate the role of Wnt signaling in a human chordoma cell line in terms of proliferation, survival, and invasiveness. We tried to elucidate the signaling events that regulate Chordoma cancer. In this regard, Wnt pathway was activated or inhibited using various strategies including small molecules, siRNA-based knockdown and overexpression applications. The results indicated the negative regulatory effect of Wnt signaling activity on proliferation and migration capacity of the chordoma cells. It was revealed that when GSK3β was inhibited, the Wnt pathway was activated and negatively regulated T/Bra expression. Activity of the Wnt pathway caused cell cycle arrest, reduced migration potential of the cells, and led to cell death. Therefore, the present study suggests that the Wnt pathway plays a key role in suppressing the proliferation and invasive characteristics of human chordoma cells and has a great potential as a therapeutic target in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Taha Bartu Hayal
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bulut
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Binnur Kıratlı
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ayla Burçin Asutay
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey.
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Oxidative stress-triggered Wnt signaling perturbation characterizes the tipping point of lung adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:16. [PMID: 36627278 PMCID: PMC9832009 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lkb1 deficiency confers the Kras-mutant lung cancer with strong plasticity and the potential for adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation (AST). However, it remains largely unknown how Lkb1 deficiency dynamically regulates AST. Using the classical AST mouse model (Kras LSL-G12D/+;Lkb1flox/flox, KL), we here comprehensively analyze the temporal transcriptomic dynamics of lung tumors at different stages by dynamic network biomarker (DNB) and identify the tipping point at which the Wnt signaling is abruptly suppressed by the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its downstream effector FOXO3A. Bidirectional genetic perturbation of the Wnt pathway using two different Ctnnb1 conditional knockout mouse strains confirms its essential role in the negative regulation of AST. Importantly, pharmacological activation of the Wnt pathway before but not after the tipping point inhibits squamous transdifferentiation, highlighting the irreversibility of AST after crossing the tipping point. Through comparative transcriptomic analyses of mouse and human tumors, we find that the lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma form a "Yin-Yang" counteracting network. Interestingly, inactivation of the Wnt pathway preferentially suppresses the adenomatous lineage TF network and thus disrupts the "Yin-Yang" homeostasis to lean towards the squamous lineage, whereas ectopic expression of NKX2-1, an adenomatous lineage TF, significantly dampens such phenotypic transition accelerated by the Wnt pathway inactivation. The negative correlation between the Wnt pathway and AST is further observed in a large cohort of human lung adenosquamous carcinoma. Collectively, our study identifies the tipping point of AST and highlights an essential role of the ROS-Wnt axis in dynamically orchestrating the homeostasis between adeno- and squamous-specific TF networks at the AST tipping point.
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Single-cell transcriptome reveals cellular hierarchies and guides p-EMT-targeted trial in skull base chordoma. Cell Discov 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 36127333 PMCID: PMC9489773 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skull base chordoma (SBC) is a bone cancer with a high recurrence rate, high radioresistance rate, and poorly understood mechanism. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of 90,691 single cells, revealed the SBC cellular hierarchies, and explored novel treatment targets. We identified a cluster of stem-like SBC cells that tended to be distributed in the inferior part of the tumor. Combining radiated UM-Chor1 RNA-seq data and in vitro validation, we further found that this stem-like cell cluster is marked by cathepsin L (CTSL), a gene involved in the packaging of telomere ends, and may be responsible for radioresistance. Moreover, signatures related to partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) were found to be significant in malignant cells and were related to the invasion and poor prognosis of SBC. Furthermore, YL-13027, a p-EMT inhibitor that acts through the TGF-β signaling pathway, demonstrated remarkable potency in inhibiting the invasiveness of SBC in preclinical models and was subsequently applied in a phase I clinical trial that enrolled three SBC patients. Encouragingly, YL-13027 attenuated the growth of SBC and achieved stable disease with no serious adverse events, underscoring the clinical potential for the precision treatment of SBC with this therapy. In summary, we conducted the first single-cell RNA sequencing of SBC and identified several targets that could be translated to the treatment of SBC.
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Ma XL, Zhu KY, Chen YD, Tang WG, Xie SH, Zheng H, Tong Y, Wang YC, Ren N, Guo L, Lu RQ. Identification of a novel Calpain-2-SRC feed-back loop as necessity for β-Catenin accumulation and signaling activation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:3554-3569. [PMID: 35697802 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progression is the major cause of the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here, we found Calpain-2 (CAPN2), a well-established protease that accelerates tumor progression in several malignancies, is overexpressed in HCC and acts as an independent predictor for poor outcomes. Furthermore, CAPN2 promoted the proliferation and invasion of HCC, and showed a positive correlation with the levels of invasion-related markers. Mechanistically, a novel CAPN2-SRC positive regulatory loop was identified upstream of β-catenin to prevent its ubiquitination and degradation, and subsequently promoted HCC progression: CAPN2 could proteolyze PTP1B to form a truncation of approximately 42 kDa with increased phosphatase activity, resulting in reduced SRC Y530 phosphorylation and increased SRC kinase activity; meanwhile, CAPN2 itself was a bone fide substrate of SRC that was primarily phosphorylated at Y625 by SRC and exhibited increased proteolysis activity upon phosphorylation. Interestingly, the CAPN2-SRC loop could not only restrain most of cytoplasmic β-catenin degradation by inhibiting GSK3β pathway, but also prevented TRIM33-induced nuclear β-catenin degradation even in β-catenin-mutant cells. Present study identified a CAPN2-SRC positive loop responsible for intracellular β-catenin accumulation and signaling activation, and targeting CAPN2 protease activity might be a promising approach for preventing HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Ma
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke-Yu Zhu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue-Da Chen
- Department of general surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Guo Tang
- Liver cancer institute, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan university, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Su-Hong Xie
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Liver cancer institute, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan university, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ren-Quan Lu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Li M, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Wang S, Li C, Bai J, Zhang Y. Loss of SMARCB1 promotes autophagy and facilitates tumour progression in chordoma by transcriptionally activating ATG5. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13136. [PMID: 34668612 PMCID: PMC8666275 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) loss is associated with a poor prognosis in chordoma, while the mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we aim to explore the function and regulatory mechanisms of SMARCB1 in chordoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of SMARCB1 on chordoma cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing was used to investigate the mechanisms of SMARCB1 in chordoma. The association between SMARCB1 and autophagy was validated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the ATG5 expression in chordoma tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry and correlated with patient survival. RESULTS SMARCB1 inhibited the malignant phenotype of chordoma cells in vitro and in vivo, supporting a tumour suppressor role of SMARCB1 in chordoma. ATG5-mediated autophagy was identified as a potential downstream pathway of SMARCB1. Mechanistically, SMARCB1 bound directly to the ATG5 promoter and epigenetically inhibited its transcription, which decreased ATG5 expression and impaired autophagy. Additionally, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine had a potential anti-cancer effect on chordoma cells in vitro. Moreover, high ATG5 expression was observed in recurrent chordoma patients, which independently correlated with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results revealed that the SMARCB1/ATG5 axis is a promising therapeutic target for chordoma and autophagy inhibitors may be effective agents for chordoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yutao Shen
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujia Xiong
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Brain Tumor CenterBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
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7
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Tessonnier T, Mein S, Walsh DWM, Schuhmacher N, Liew H, Cee R, Galonska M, Scheloske S, Schömers C, Weber U, Brons S, Debus J, Haberer T, Abdollahi A, Mairani A, Dokic I. FLASH dose-rate helium ion beams: first in vitro investigations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1011-1022. [PMID: 34343608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish and investigate the impact of dose, linear energy transfer (LET) and O2 concentration on biological response to ultra-high dose-rate (uHDR, FLASH) helium ion beams compared to standard dose-rate (SDR) irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Beam delivery settings for raster-scanned helium ions at both uHDR and SDR were tuned to achieve >100 Gy/s and ∼0.1 Gy/s, respectively. For both SDR and uHDR, plan optimization and calibration for 10 × 10mm2 fields was performed to assess in vitro response at LET range of 4.5-16 keV/µm. Clonogenic survival assay was conducted at doses ranging from 2 Gy to 12 Gy in two human lung epithelial cell lines (A549 and H1437). Radiation induced nuclear γH2AX foci (RIF) were assessed in both epithelial cell lines and primary human pulmonary fibroblasts. RESULTS Average dose-rates achieved were 185 Gy/s and 0.12 Gy/s for uHDR and SDR, respectively. No differences in cellular response to SDR vs. uHDR were observed for all tested doses at 21% O2, as well as at 2 and 4 Gy at 1% O2. In contrast, at 1% O2 and dose threshold of ≳8Gy cell survival was higher and correlated with reduced nuclear γH2AX RIF signal indicating FLASH sparing effect in the investigated cell lines irradiated with uHDR as compared to SDR . CONCLUSION The first uHDR delivery of raster-scanned particle beams was achieved using helium ions, reaching FLASH-level dose-rates of >100 Gy/s. Baseline oxygen levels and delivered dose (≳ 8 Gy) play a pivotal role, irrespective of the studied cell lines, for observation of a sparing effect for helium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tessonnier
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stewart Mein
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich W M Walsh
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Schuhmacher
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Liew
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rainer Cee
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Galonska
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheloske
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schömers
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung;Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Medical Physics, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ivana Dokic
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Menéndez ST, Gallego B, Murillo D, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez R. Cancer Stem Cells as a Source of Drug Resistance in Bone Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122621. [PMID: 34198693 PMCID: PMC8232081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are commonly characterized by a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity, which in part is due to the presence of subpopulations of tumor cells presenting stem cell properties. Similar to normal stem cells, these cancer stem cells (CSCs) display a drug resistant phenotype and therefore are responsible for relapses and tumor dissemination. Drug resistance in bone sarcomas could be enhanced/modulated during tumor evolution though the acquisition of (epi)-genetic alterations and the adaptation to changing microenvironments, including drug treatments. Here we summarize findings supporting the involvement of pro-stemness signaling in the development of drug resistance in bone sarcomas. This include the activation of well-known pro-stemness pathways (Wnt/β-Cat, NOTCH or JAT/STAT pathways), changes in the metabolic and autophagic activities, the alteration of epigenetic pathways, the upregulation of specific non-coding RNAs and the crosstalk with different microenvironmental factors. This altered signaling is expected to be translated to the clinic in the form of biomarkers of response and new therapies able to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T. Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Borja Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
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9
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Dong W, Li J, Dong X, Shi W, Zhang Y, Liu Y. MiR-17 and miR-93 Promote Tumor Progression by Targeting p21 in Patients with Chordoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3109-3118. [PMID: 34054299 PMCID: PMC8153071 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s307138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs have been implicated in the progression of various cancers. However, the role of microRNAs in chordoma remains to be further elucidated. Here, we purposed to character the role of two microRNAs, miR-17 and miR-93, and their potential mechanisms in chordoma. Methods The expression and prognostic value of miR-17 and miR-93 were assessed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and Cox regression analysis. The effects of miR-17/93 mimics on chordoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay. The downstream target of miR-17/93 was further explored via luciferase reporter assay. Results High expression of miR-17/93 was identified in chordoma tissues, and was associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-17/93 contributed to cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-17/93 directly targeted p21 and decreased the expression of p21. Besides, the rescue assay further confirmed the essential role of the miR-17/93-p21 axis in chordoma. Conclusion Our results revealed the potential oncogenic effect of the miR-17/93 on chordoma progression, and suggested that the miR-17/93-p21 axis served as a promising therapeutic target in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwu Li
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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10
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Chen L, Zuo Y, Pan R, Ye Z, Wei K, Xia S, Li W, Tan J, Xia X. GSK-3β Regulates the Expression of P21 to Promote the Progression of Chordoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:201-214. [PMID: 33469364 PMCID: PMC7810826 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor transformed from the remnants of notochord. It is characterized as highly aggressive and locally invasive, difficult to be completely removed by surgery, and has a poor clinical prognosis. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is involved in many cellular processes. GSK-3β overexpression has been shown to promote the development of many cancers, according to previous studies. However, the role of GSK-3β in chordoma remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were performed on clinical specimens to measure GSK-3β expression in chordoma, and immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were performed to examine the expression of GSK-3β and P21 in cell lines. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 assay and colony formation analysis, cell migration and invasion checked by Transwell experiments, and cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. P21 was predicted as a downstream target gene of GSK-3β using STRING and UNIHI databases. Moreover, we used immunoprecipitation to confirm that GSK-3β and P21 interacted with each other. The double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that GSK-3β could regulate the promoter activity of P21. Finally, the role of the GSK-3β -P21 pathway in chordoma tumorigenesis was analyzed in vivo in nude mice. Results Our study showed that GSK-3β was significantly higher in chordoma tissues than in paracancer tissues, and siRNA knockdown of GSK-3β inhibited chordoma cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, our research found that GSK-3β bound and downregulated the expression of the P21 gene, and the expression of silencing P21 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of knockdown GSK-3β on chordoma. Furthermore, xenografts showed that knockdown GSK-3β inhibited the formation of chordomas in vivo. Conclusion Our results indicated that the GSK-3β-P21 axis may be an important signaling pathway for the occurrence and development of chordoma, providing a new therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohuai Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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11
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Yin CD, Hou YL, Liu XR, He YS, Wang XP, Li CJ, Tan XH, Liu J. Development of an immune-related prognostic index associated with osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2020; 12:172-182. [PMID: 33371790 PMCID: PMC8806312 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1864096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is closely associated with the prognosis of tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of the present study was to construct an immune-related prognostic index (PI) to predict the prognosis of OS. Herein, OS expression data were sourced from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. We divided the OS patients into nonmetastatic and metastatic groups, allowing differentially immune-related genes (DIRGs) to be selected. After DIRGs were further investigated by enrichment analysis, four keys prognostic IRGs (CD79A, CSF3R, MTNR1B and NPPC) were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model. Then, an immune-related prognostic index was constructed. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. The difference in tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) abundance was also discussed. In our study, eight upregulated genes and 30 downregulated genes were identified. Several Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were immune-associated functions and pathways. Four genes, including CD79A, CSF3R, MTNR1B and NPPC, were used to establish a risk assessment model for evaluating OS prognosis. GSEA revealed that the risk score was related to cytokine receptor interaction and to the chemokine and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, high risk markedly related to the infiltration of several immune cell types, including M2 macrophages, naïve CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells. In sum, we developed a survival model for OS. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the high-risk group may affect immune-related biological processes and TIICs.Abbreviations TARGET: Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments; PI: Prognostic index; OS: Osteosarcoma; DIRGs: Differentially immune-related genes; GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis; TIIC: Tumor-infiltrating immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Dong Yin
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ying-Lan Hou
- Health Management Centre, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ren Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng He
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Jie Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Tan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
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12
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Kong X, Gao R, Wang Z, Wang X, Fang Y, Gao J, Reiter RJ, Wang J. Melatonin: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Breast Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:859-871. [PMID: 32893084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has significant inhibitory effects in numerous cancers, especially breast cancer. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer, the oncostatic actions of melatonin are mainly achieved by suppressing ER mRNA expression and ER transcriptional activity via the MT1 receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of nuclear receptors, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, melatonin suppresses tumor aerobic glycolysis, critical cell-signaling pathways relevant to cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and overcomes drug resistance. Studies in animal and human models indicate that disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer, resulting in resistance to hormone therapy and chemotherapy, which may be reversed by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518116, China.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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13
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Wen YC, Lin YW, Chu CY, Yang YC, Yang SF, Liu YF, Hsiao M, Lee WJ, Chien MH. Melatonin-triggered post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of ADAMTS1 coordinately retard tumorigenesis and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12668. [PMID: 32408377 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family are widely implicated in tissue remodeling events manifested in cancer development. ADAMTS1, the most fully characterized ADAMTS, plays conflicting roles in different cancer types; however, the role of ADAMTS1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Herein, we found that ADAMTS1 is highly expressed in RCC tissues compared to normal renal tissues, and its expression was correlated with an advanced stage and a poor prognosis of RCC patients. In vitro, we observed higher expression of ADAMTS1 in metastatic (m)RCC cells compared to primary cells, and manipulation of ADAMTS1 expression affected cell invasion and clonogenicity. Results from protease array showed that ADAMTS1 is modulated by melatonin through mechanisms independent of the MT1 receptor in mRCC cells, and overexpression of ADAMTS1 relieved the invasion/clonogenicity and growth/metastasis inhibition imposed by melatonin treatment in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft model. The human microRNA (miR) OneArray showed that miR-181d and miR-let-7f were induced by melatonin and, respectively, targeted the 3'-UTR and non-3'-UTR of ADAMTS1 to suppress its expression and mRCC invasive ability. Clinically, RCC patients with high levels of miR-181d or miR-let-7f and a low level of ADAMTS1 had the most favorable prognoses. In addition, ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of ADAMTS1 can also be triggered by melatonin. Together, our study indicates that ADAMTS1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting RCC progression. The novel convergence between melatonin and ADAMTS1 post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation provides new insights into the role of melatonin-induced molecular regulation in suppressing RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Li R, Toan S, Zhou H. Role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6467-6485. [PMID: 32213662 PMCID: PMC7185127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient oversupply and mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mitochondria are the major sites of β-oxidation, a catabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down. The mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system includes mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial redox regulation, and is essential for the maintenance of the functionality and structural integrity of the mitochondria. Excessive and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria damages mitochondrial components, including membranes, proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The functionality of some damaged mitochondria can be restored by fusion with normally functioning mitochondria, but when severely damaged, mitochondria are segregated from the remaining functional mitochondrial network through fission and are eventually degraded via mitochondrial autophagy, also called as mitophagy. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, fusion, oxidative stress and mitophagy in the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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15
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Zhang J, Xie T, Zhong X, Jiang HL, Li R, Wang BY, Huang XT, Cen BH, Yuan YW. Melatonin reverses nasopharyngeal carcinoma cisplatin chemoresistance by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5423-5438. [PMID: 32203052 PMCID: PMC7138577 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP)-based concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is a standard approach to treat locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, many patients eventually develop recurrence and/or distant metastasis due to chemoresistance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of melatonin on DDP chemoresistance in NPC cell lines in vitro and vivo, and we explored potential chemoresistance mechanisms. We found that DDP chemoresistance in NPC cells is mediated through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Melatonin not only reversed DDP chemoresistance, but also enhanced DDP antitumor activity by suppressing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and reducing expression of Wnt/β-catenin response genes in NPC cells. In vivo, combined treatment with DDP and melatonin reduced tumor burden to a greater extent than single drug-treatments in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Our findings provide novel evidence that melatonin inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NPC, and suggest that melatonin could be applied in combination with DDP to treat NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Yao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hong Cen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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