1
|
Chen AT, Child CE, Grace Asirot M, Domoto-Reilly K, Turner AM. A visual approach to facilitating conversations about supportive care options in the context of cognitive impairment. J Biomed Inform 2024; 157:104691. [PMID: 39019302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with cognitive impairment may experience difficulties with language and cognition that interfere with their ability to communicate about health-related decision making. OBJECTIVE We developed a visual elicitation technique to facilitate conversations about preferences concerning potential future supportive care needs and explored the utility of this technique in a qualitative interview study. METHODS We conducted 15 online interviews with persons with mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate dementia, using storytelling and a virtual tool designed to facilitate discussion about preferences for supportive care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive qualitative data analysis method. We report our findings with respect to several main themes. First, we considered participants' perspectives on supportive care. Next, we examined the utility of the tool for engaging participants in conversation through two themes: cognitive and communicative processes exhibited by participants; and dialogic interactions between the interviewer and the participant. RESULTS With respect to participants' perspectives on supportive care, common themes included considerations relating to informal caregivers such as availability and burden, and the quality of care options such as paid caregivers. Other themes, such as the importance of making decisions as a family, considerations related to facing these challenges on one's own, and the fluid nature of decision making, also emerged. Common communicative processes included not being responsive to the question and unclear responses. Common cognitive processes included uncertainty and introspection, or self-awareness, of one's cognitive abilities. Last, we examined dialogic interactions between the participant and the interviewer to better understand engagement with the tool. The interviewer was active in using the visualization tool to facilitate the conversation, and participants engaged with the interface to varying degrees. Some participants expressed greater agency and involvement through suggesting images, elaborating on their or the interviewer's comments, and suggesting icon labels. CONCLUSION This article presents a visual method to engage older adults with cognitive impairment in active dialogue about complex decisions. Though designed for a research setting, the diverse communication and participant-interviewer interaction patterns observed in this study suggest that the tool might be adapted for use in clinical or community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie T Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Claire E Child
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, UW Health Sciences Building, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Mary Grace Asirot
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 359775, 325 9(th) Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Kimiko Domoto-Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 359791, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Anne M Turner
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Hans Rosling Center, 4(th) Floor, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, Box 351621, University of Washington, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pepper A, Dening KH. Person-centred communication with people with dementia. Nurs Older People 2023; 35:e1430. [PMID: 36694988 DOI: 10.7748/nop.2023.e1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Communication is a two-way process of exchanging or sharing information and is an essential element of the nursing process. Challenges with communication are a feature of all types of dementia, so understanding how dementia affects communication and how to support people is important for all nurses. This article provides an overview of communication in dementia care. The authors draw on the literature on communication and dementia to present evidence-based, practical approaches for supporting person-centred communication with people with dementia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Morrisby C, Bogle J, Dillon R, Reen C, Tanner G. Peer-Led Virtual Learning: Impact of Dementia-Specific Communication Training for Occupational Therapy Students. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2065403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Morrisby
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Jade Bogle
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Ruby Dillon
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Claudia Reen
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Genevieve Tanner
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ries JD. A framework for rehabilitation for older adults living with dementia. Arch Physiother 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35361283 PMCID: PMC8970689 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-022-00134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction & Background
The aging of the population assures increased prevalence of Individuals Living with Dementia (ILwD) and there will be an increased representation of this cohort requiring physical rehabilitation. If physical therapists (PTs) manage these patients as they do their age-matched, cognitively-intact peers, they will likely be unsuccessful. ILwD have unique needs related to interpersonal and pragmatic components of rehabilitation. Therapeutic nihilism (doubting the benefit of therapy) is well-documented in PTs, either because of existing biases about dementia or previous challenges in working with ILwD. Physical rehabilitation eligibility and placement decisions are often made by PTs without special training in dementia, based upon brief exposure to patients in environments not well-designed for their best functioning. This can lead to underestimation of rehabilitation potential and denial of future PT services. PTs who work with ILwD desire more practical knowledge and targeted skills. Those with more education and training have a more positive attitude and outlook related to ILwD.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework for rehabilitation with ILwD equipped with pragmatic ideas to facilitate therapeutic success. The four primary components of the model are: (1) Establish a personal RELATIONSHIP, (2) Use intentional verbal and nonverbal COMMUNICATION, (3) Understand and optimize MOTOR LEARNING capabilities, and (4) Create a safe, purposeful ENVIRONMENT. Specific strategies to help PTs optimize each component are provided with supporting evidence. The model is intended to be dynamic, encouraging PTs to capitalize on the most accessible strategies within their control for a given patient and setting.
Implications
This framework provides a practical resource for working with ILwD with immediate implications for facilitating therapeutic success. The model is displayed in a schematic that reminds the reader of ideas at a glance within the context of each of the components. If an appreciation for this content was among core competencies required among PTs working with ILwD, perhaps there would be significantly fewer patients written off as “uncooperative” or “unable to participate” in PT.
Collapse
|
5
|
Walker VG. Communication strategies for nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia using life course theory. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 54:234-241. [PMID: 34773440 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore effective communication strategies that may be used to promote efficacious research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. DESIGN A theoretical framework of Life Course Theory was used to examine the problems of communicating in research settings with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and present potential effective solutions to these problems. METHODS Using Life Course Theory as an underpinning, a literature review was conducted regarding communication strategies/methods commonly used in psychiatric nursing. This paper deductively presents how these strategies/methods could theoretically improve nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. RESULTS Four main potential effective strategies for communication with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in nursing research were identified which were (1) giving space; (2) shortened intervals; (3) the use of simple, meaningful phrases; and (4) showing engagement. CONCLUSIONS Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia may be given more opportunities to share their input regarding their perceptions and valuable input regarding health care systems if these effective strategies of communication are used when conducting nursing research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a need to gain more information regarding the perceptions of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia as they are living longer and are entering into a health care system that is often at a quandary as to how to best care for them. The strategies delineated in this paper are part of an ongoing project to co-develop a model with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia specifically tailored to improve their health outcomes and quality of life.
Collapse
|
6
|
Miron AM, Thompson AE, Bagley A, Anderson J, Melotik E, Rowley S. Fear of Incompetence in Intergenerational Relationships with a Family Member with Dementia. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2019.1575783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca M. Miron
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma Melotik
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah Rowley
- University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khosla R, Chu MT, Khaksar SMS, Nguyen K, Nishida T. Engagement and experience of older people with socially assistive robots in home care. Assist Technol 2019; 33:57-71. [PMID: 31063044 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2019.1588805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is one of the most common consequences of older people with dementia, especially for those who live at their own dwellings alone due to limited access to social activities. Research relating to the use of social robots in aged care has increasing attention to facilitating the support to care services for older people with dementia. Particularly less attention has focused on the applicability of social robots in home care services. This paper aims to study the engagement and robot experience of older people with dementia while interacting with a social robot named Betty in the context of home-based care. This paper contributes to the research relating to care service embedded robots by expanding the knowledge regarding longitudinal research in home based care, while there is limited long-term study in this context. The results show that social robots are evident to be able to engage with older people with dementia at home. Consequently, designing social robots in a social context is desirable. While the robots enabled service for the human partner within the social context is possible, there is a need to underpin the concept of personhood to realize personalization of services and its contents to suit individual preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Khosla
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Marketing, La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mei-Tai Chu
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Marketing, La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Khanh Nguyen
- Research Centre for Computers, Communication and Social Innovations, Department of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Marketing, La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Toyoaki Nishida
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ennis L, Mansell W, McEvoy P, Tai S. A systematic scoping review and synthesis of dementia and communication theory. DEMENTIA 2017; 18:2261-2281. [PMID: 29216743 DOI: 10.1177/1471301217744069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim This review considers the theoretical literature concerning communication between a person with dementia and a person without dementia. Methods Theoretical accounts of communication between a person with dementia and a person without dementia were identified through database searches, hand searching of reference lists and contacting experts in the topic area. Results Twenty-one articles were included in the final review, yielding 18 different theoretical accounts of communication in the context of dementia. Thematic synthesis showed that four categories could account for the majority of the material described in these theories, even though they were derived from very different perspectives. These categories were mutuality, personhood, anxiety reduction and environmental considerations. Discussion The four categories identified in the thematic synthesis were reminiscent of Kitwood’s theory of person-centred dementia care. Different interpretations of this finding are considered. Most theoretical accounts focused on the relational aspects of communication. This meant that societal and individual accounts of communication in the context of dementia were relatively impoverished in terms of theory. Conclusions There is widespread agreement regarding the important components of good quality communication in the context of dementia. This suggests exciting opportunities for collaboration between apparently disparate bodies of literature. Individual and societal accounts of communication in the context of dementia are relatively neglected and would benefit from more research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Moniz-Cook E, Hart C, Woods B, Whitaker C, James I, Russell I, Edwards RT, Hilton A, Orrell M, Campion P, Stokes G, Jones RSP, Bird M, Poland F, Manthorpe J. Challenge Demcare: management of challenging behaviour in dementia at home and in care homes – development, evaluation and implementation of an online individualised intervention for care homes; and a cohort study of specialist community mental health care for families. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar05150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDementia with challenging behaviour (CB) causes significant distress for caregivers and the person with dementia. It is associated with breakdown of care at home and disruption in care homes. Challenge Demcare aimed to assist care home staff and mental health practitioners who support families at home to respond effectively to CB.ObjectivesTo study the management of CB in care homes (ResCare) and in family care (FamCare). Following a conceptual overview, two systematic reviews and scrutiny of clinical guidelines, we (1) developed and tested a computerised intervention; (2) conducted a cluster randomised trial (CRT) of the intervention for dementia with CB in care homes; (3) conducted a process evaluation of implementation of the intervention; and (4) conducted a longitudinal observational cohort study of the management of people with dementia with CB living at home, and their carers.Review methodsCochrane review of randomised controlled trials; systematic meta-ethnographic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.DesignResCare – survey, CRT, process evaluation and stakeholder consultations. FamCare – survey, longitudinal cohort study, participatory development design process and stakeholder consultations. Comparative examination of baseline levels of CB in the ResCare trial and the FamCare study participants.SettingsResCare – 63 care homes in Yorkshire. FamCare – 33 community mental health teams for older people (CMHTsOP) in seven NHS organisations across England.ParticipantsResCare – 2386 residents and 861 staff screened for eligibility; 555 residents with dementia and CB; 277 ‘other’ residents; 632 care staff; and 92 staff champions. FamCare – every new referral (n = 5360) reviewed for eligibility; 157 patients with dementia and CB, with their carer; and 26 mental health practitioners. Stakeholder consultations – initial workshops with 83 practitioners and managers from participating organisations; and 70 additional stakeholders using eight group discussions and nine individual interviews.InterventionAn online application for case-specific action plans to reduce CB in dementia, consisting of e-learning and bespoke decision support care home and family care e-tools.Main outcome measuresResCare – survey with the Challenging Behaviour Scale; measurement of CB with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and medications taken from prescriptions; implementation with thematic views from participants and stakeholders. FamCare – case identification from all referrals to CMHTsOP; measurement of CB with the Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist and NPI; medications taken from prescriptions; and thematic views from stakeholders. Costs of care calculated for both settings. Comparison of the ResCare trial and FamCare study participants used the NPI, Clinical Dementia Rating and prescribed medications.ResultsResCare – training with group discussion and decision support for individualised interventions did not change practice enough to have an impact on CB in dementia. Worksite e-learning opportunities were not readily taken up by care home staff. Smaller homes with a less hierarchical management appear more ready than others to engage in innovation. FamCare – home-dwelling people with dementia and CB are referred to specialist NHS services, but treatment over 6 months, averaging nine contacts per family, had no overall impact on CB. Over 60% of people with CB had mild dementia. Families bear the majority of the care costs of dementia with CB. A care gap in the delivery of post-diagnostic help for families supporting relatives with dementia and significant CB at home has emerged. Higher levels of CB were recorded in family settings; and prescribing practices were suboptimal in both care home and family settings.LimitationsFunctionality of the software was unreliable, resulting in delays. This compromised the feasibility studies and undermined delivery of the intervention in care homes. A planned FamCare CRT could not proceed because of insufficient referrals.ConclusionsA Cochrane review of individualised functional analysis-based interventions suggests that these show promise, although delivery requires a trained dementia care workforce. Like many staff training interventions, our interactive e-learning course was well received by staff when delivered in groups with facilitated discussion. Our e-learning and decision support e-tool intervention in care homes, in its current form, without ongoing review of implementation of recommended action plans, is not effective at reducing CB when compared with usual care. This may also be true for staff training in general. A shift in priorities from early diagnosis to early recognition of dementia with clinically significant CB could bridge the emerging gap and inequities of care to families. Formalised service improvements in the NHS, to co-ordinate such interventions, may stimulate better opportunities for practice models and pathways. Separate services for care homes and family care may enhance the efficiency of delivery and the quality of research on implementation into routine care.Future workThere is scope for extending functional analysis-based interventions with communication and interaction training for carers. Our clinical workbooks, video material of real-life episodes of CB and process evaluation tool resources require further testing. There is an urgent need for evaluation of interventions for home-dwelling people with dementia with clinically significant CB, delivered by trained dementia practitioners. Realist evaluation designs may illuminate how the intervention might work, and for whom, within varying service contexts.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN02553381 (the ResCare trial) and ISRCTN58876649 (the FamCare study).FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esme Moniz-Cook
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Research and Development, Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Hull and East Yorkshire, UK
| | - Cathryn Hart
- Research and Development, Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Hull and East Yorkshire, UK
| | - Bob Woods
- Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Chris Whitaker
- North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Ian James
- Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Russell
- Swansea Trials Unit, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Andrea Hilton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Martin Orrell
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Campion
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Robert SP Jones
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Mike Bird
- Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Fiona Poland
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rehm IC, Stargatt J, Willison AT, Reser MP, Bhar SS. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults With Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment: Adaptations and Illustrative Case Study. J Cogn Psychother 2017; 31:72-88. [PMID: 32755919 DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.31.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent condition in older adults with neurocognitive disorders such as dementia. Interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear to be an emerging area of treatment innovation for treating anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment. Drawing on the empirical literature on CBT for late-life anxiety and recent trials of CBT for anxiety in persons with mild-to-moderate dementia, this article provides an overview of the customization of CBT to the needs of older adults with anxiety and cognitive impairment. Adaptations for assessment, case conceptualization, socialization, therapeutic alliance, and treatment strategies are discussed. A case study to illustrate implementation of these adaptations is presented. Limitations to the current state of the literature on the efficacy and feasibility of CBT for anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment are identified, and future directions for treatment research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen C Rehm
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stargatt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aaron T Willison
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maree P Reser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil S Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial experiences of people living with dementia using a perceptual control theory (PCT) perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual paper.
Findings
The paper suggests that people with dementia may control their perceptions by using four modes of control: control, automatic, passive observation and imagination.
Research limitations/implications
The paper highlights how a perceived sense of “too little” or “too much” control can create psychological and emotional distress, as people with dementia seek to respond to the changing contextual circumstances of their lives. However, more work needs to be done to develop specific PCT informed strategies that may serve the goal of helping people who are living with dementia to maximise their functioning and alleviate their distress.
Originality/value
The potential benefits of adopting a PCT perspective to understand the experiences of people living with dementia have only been explored in a relatively superficial way. This paper is a first attempt to develop a more considered analysis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Digby R, Lee S, Williams A. Interviewing people with dementia in hospital: recommendations for researchers. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:1156-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Lee
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Monash University; Frankston Vic. Australia
| | - Allison Williams
- Monash Nursing Academy; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Conway ER, Chenery HJ. Evaluating the MESSAGE Communication Strategies in Dementia training for use with community-based aged care staff working with people with dementia: a controlled pretest-post-test study. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:1145-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Conway
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- School of Allied Health; Australian Catholic University; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Helen J Chenery
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine; Bond University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alsawy S, Mansell W, Carey TA, McEvoy P, Tai SJ. Science and Practice of Transdiagnostic CBT: A Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) Approach. Int J Cogn Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2014.7.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|