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Wang C, Huang L, Jin S, Hou R, Chen M, Liu Y, Tang W, Li T, Yin Y, He L. d-Aspartate in Low-Protein Diets Improves the Pork Quality by Regulating Energy and Lipid Metabolism via the Gut Microbes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12417-12430. [PMID: 37578298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
d-Aspartate is critical in maintaining hormone secretion and reproductive development in mammals. This study investigated the mechanism of different d-aspartate levels (0, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5% d-aspartate) in low-protein diets on growth performance and meat quality by mediating the gut microbiota alteration in pigs. We found that adding 0.005% d-aspartate to a low-protein diet could dramatically improve the growth performance during the weaned and growing periods. Dietary d-aspartate with different levels markedly increased the back fat, and 0.5% d-aspartate significantly increased the redness in 24 h and reduced the shear force of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Moreover, d-aspartate treatments decreased the mRNA expression of MyHC II a and MyHC IIx in the LD muscle. The protein expression of MyH1, MyH7, TFAM, FOXO1, CAR, UCP2, and p-AMPK was upregulated by 0.005% d-aspartate. Additionally, the abundance of Alistipes, Akkermansia, and the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group in the intestinal chyme of pigs was significantly decreased by d-aspartate treatments at the genus level, which was also accompanied by a significant decrease in acetate content. These differential microorganisms were significantly correlated with meat quality characteristics. These results indicated that d-aspartate in low-protein diets could improve the growth performance and meat quality in pigs by regulating energy and lipid metabolism via the alteration of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Le Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shunshun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ruoxin Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingzhe Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Ma S, Zhang K, Shi S, Li X, Che C, Chen P, Liu H. Low-protein diets supplemented with isoleucine alleviate lipid deposition in broilers through activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102441. [PMID: 36599221 PMCID: PMC9823210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism of broilers fed a low-protein diet (LPD). The 396 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups as follows: control diet (CON), LPD, LPD + 0.13% Ile (LPD-LI) and LPD + 0.26% Ile (LPD-HI), with nine replicates of 11 broilers each for 42 d. The Ile increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, fiber density and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-I in breast muscle, and decreased feed to gain ratio, shear force, fiber diameter and the mRNA level of MyHC-IIb in breast muscle, which were impaired by the LPD. Compared to the LPD group, broilers in LPD-LI and LPD-HI groups had lower serum lipid levels, liver fat content, abdominal adipose percentage and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, ki-67, topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase 2 in abdominal adipose and liver X receptors-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver, and higher mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in liver, which were equal to the CON levels. A LPD supplemented with Ile decreased enzyme activities of ACC and FAS in liver and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and TOP2A in abdominal adipose, and increased enzyme activities of CPT-1 and ACOX1 in liver. Furthermore, Ile supplementation enhanced the mRNA level of leptin receptor and protein levels of phospho-5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein 70 S6 kinase, janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and decreased the protein level of SREBP1 in the liver of broilers in LPD group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Ile to 0.83% could improve growth performance and meat quality and alleviate lipid deposition of broilers fed a LPD through activating AMPK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuyan Shi
- Qingdao Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Skeletal Muscle Development and Fat Deposition in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060793. [PMID: 35740199 PMCID: PMC9220283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork quality is a factor increasingly considered in consumer preferences for pork. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are complicated, including endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite a lot of research on meat quality, unexpected variation in meat quality is still a major problem in the meat industry. Currently, gut microbiota and their metabolites have attracted increased attention in the animal breeding industry, and recent research demonstrated their significance in muscle fiber development and fat deposition. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on the effects of gut microbiota on pig muscle and fat deposition. The factors affecting gut microbiota composition will also be discussed, including host genetics, dietary composition, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. We provide an overall understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and meat quality in pigs, and how manipulation of gut microbiota may contribute to increasing pork quality for human consumption.
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Gao J, Ma L, Ma J, Xia S, Gong S, Yin Y, Chen Y. Camellia ( Camellia oleifera Abel.) Seed Oil Regulating of Metabolic Phenotype and Alleviates Dyslipidemia in High Fat-Fed Mice through Serum Branch-Chain Amino Acids. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122424. [PMID: 35745155 PMCID: PMC9228151 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed oil (CO) has been shown to effectively reduce the blood lipid level of its host due to its fatty acid content, but the specific molecular mechanism associated with the metabolic phenotype after digestion is not clear. Here, we further investigated the relationship between branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and the metabolic phenotype that may exhibit the anti-dyslipidemia effect of CO on mice fed a high-fat diet for 30 day C57BL/6J male mice were allocated to three groups: the control group (Cont), the high-fat feed group (HFD), and a high-fat feed group with CO treatment (CO). A serum sample was collected to detect lipid biomarkers and BCAA concentration. Notably, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Total Cholesterol (TC), and Triglycerides (TG) showed a significant decrease, whereas High-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased in CO mice but not in the HFD group. The concentration of Isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), and valine (Val) was similar between the Cont and CO groups compared with the HFD group, exhibiting an inhibition induced by CO in mice fed with a high-fat diet. A metabolic phenotype from serum examined by non-targeted metabolite analysis using UHPLC/MS showed most metabolites exhibited lipid and BCAA metabolism. The results indicated that CO treatment notably regulated the metabolism of arachidonic acid and steroid biosynthesis in response to HFD-induced dyslipidemia. In addition, the expression of PPARγ genes that correlated with the BCAA and serum lipid biomarkers were compared, and significant inhibition was noticed, which might lead to the potential exposure of the anti-dyslipidemia mechanism of CO in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, the expression of PPARγ genes, serum lipid level, BCAA concentration, and the metabolic phenotype was significantly positive in correlation with a high-fat diet, whereas oral CO improved the biomarkers and metabolism of some specific serum metabolites in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Shao Shan South Road, No. 658, Changsha 410004, China; (J.G.); (L.M.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea Camellia, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Li Ma
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Shao Shan South Road, No. 658, Changsha 410004, China; (J.G.); (L.M.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea Camellia, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410127, China; (J.M.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410127, China; (J.M.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410127, China; (J.M.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410127, China; (J.M.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Shao Shan South Road, No. 658, Changsha 410004, China; (J.G.); (L.M.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Tea Camellia, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
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Ji F, Gu L, Rong G, Hu C, Sun W, Wang D, Peng W, Lin D, Liu Q, Wu H, Dai H, Zhou H, Xu T. Using Extract From the Stems and Leaves of Yizhi (Alpiniae oxyphyllae) as Feed Additive Increases Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Ducks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:793698. [PMID: 35174238 PMCID: PMC8841826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.793698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yizhi (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, A. oxyphylla) has been widely used as an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb for centuries. Existing studies have shown that A. oxyphylla has numerous benefits in human and animal health. We hypothesized that extract from the stems and leaves of A. oxyphylla (AOE) as a feed additive may have positive effects on animal health and products. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of AOE as a feed additive on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, microbial composition, and meat quality in Jiaji ducks. A total of 240 Jiaji ducks of 42 days old (1675.8 ± 44.2 g, male: female ratio = 1:1) were blocked based on body weight and randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with three replicates that each had 20 duck individuals. The dietary treatments included: basal diet, control group (CK); basal diet supplementation with 30 mg/kg (Y1), 80 mg/kg (Y2), and 130 mg/kg (Y3) AOE, respectively, and lasted for 49 days. The results showed that average daily feed intake from day 42 to day 60 was decreased with the increasing level of AOE (P < 0.05). Compared with the CK group, the groups with AOE supplementation decreased serum LDL-C level (P < 0.05), the addition of 30 mg/kg AOE increased total amino acids, essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and umami taste amino acids (P < 0.05), but decreased selenium and zinc concentrations in breast muscle (P < 0.05). In addition, the supplementation of 30 or 130 mg/kg AOE significantly increased jejunal villus height (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P = 0.092) compared to the CK group. Moreover, the addition of 30 mg/kg AOE showed a higher abundance of genus unclassified Bacteroidales and genus unclassified Ruminococcaceae than the CK group (P < 0.05). Therefore, dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg AOE increased meat nutrition profile and flavor through promoting amino acid contents in breast muscle, as well as maintained intestine integrity and modulated the microbial composition. In conclusion, AOE as an antibiotic alternative displayed potential in maintaining intestinal health and improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guang Rong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Dajie Lin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Haofu Dai
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hanlin Zhou
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Tieshan Xu
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Wang B, Mi MM, Zhang QY, Bao N, Pan L, Zhao Y, Qin GX. Relationship between the amino acid release kinetics of feed proteins and nitrogen balance in finishing pigs. Animal 2021; 15:100359. [PMID: 34536654 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In current nutrition requirements of swine, although the protein diets are formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acid (AA), there is a difference in nitrogen utilisation among various protein diets, which might be related to the AA release kinetics. To evaluate the relationship between AA release kinetics of feed proteins and nitrogen balance in finishing pigs, pigs were fed diets based on casein (CAS) or corn gluten meal (CGM) at normal or low-protein concentrations, and the AA release patterns were assessed. A 2 × 2 full factorial experimental design was used. 24 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial weight of 67.0 ± 1.8 kg were randomly assigned to consume a normal-protein casein-based diet (N.CAS, 10% CP), normal-protein corn gluten meal-based diet (N.CGM, 10% CP), low-protein casein-based diet (L.CAS, 8.5% CP), or low-protein corn gluten meal-based diet (L.CGM, 8.5% CP) for 14 days (n = 6 per group; pigs housed and fed separately). The low-protein diets were associated with a more rapid release of AAs in the early stages of gastric digestion than the normal-protein diets. The N.CAS and L.CAS diets were associated with a peak AA release at approximately 4 h during trypsin digestion, whereas N.CGM and L.CGM were at approximately 16 h. The N.CAS diet was associated with the least dispersed release curves and lowest synchronisation indexes, implying that it was associated with the best AA release synchronism, whereas the L.CGM diet was on the contrary. The nitrogen intake (NI), faecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen (UN), total nitrogen, net protein utilisation and apparent biological value (ABV) of protein of pigs fed the L.CAS or L.CGM diets were lower than those fed the N.CAS or N.CGM diets (P < 0.05). Notably, there was a difference in NI (P < 0.05) and trends with respect to UN and ABV (0.05 < P < 0.1), but no differences in retained nitrogen or apparent nitrogen digestibility between pigs fed the N.CAS or L.CAS diets and those fed the N.CGM or L.CGM diets. Pigs fed the N.CAS or N.CGM diets had higher serum concentrations of UN than pigs fed the L.CAS or L.CGM diets (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in serum total protein, albumin, triglyceride, glucose, alanine transaminase, or aspartate aminotransferase between the groups. In addition, there was an interaction between protein level and protein source on serum globulin (P < 0.05). Therefore, the diet with a better AA release synchronism can improve protein utilisation efficiency in finishing pigs and to reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - M M Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Q Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - N Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - L Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Y Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - G X Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
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Yin J, Ma J, Li Y, Ma X, Chen J, Zhang H, Wu X, Li F, Liu Z, Li T, Yin Y. Branched-chain amino acids, especially of leucine and valine, mediate the protein restricted response in a piglet model. Food Funct 2020; 11:1304-1311. [PMID: 32016208 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are reduced in various protein restricted models, while the detailed role of BCAAs in protein restricted response is still obscure. Thus, the current study mainly investigated the amino acid metabolism in protein restricted piglets and the effects of BCAA balance in a low-protein diet on growth performance, amino acid metabolism, intestinal structure, and gut microbiota with focus on which BCAAs contributed to the protein restricted response. The results showed that protein restriction increased serum Ser, Thr, Ala, Lys, and Trp but reduced His, Cys, Val, and Ile levels. Intestinal amino acid transporters mainly mediated the mechanism of amino acid uptake. The BCAA balance refreshed the serum BCAA pool, which further improved growth performance in protein restricted piglets. Leu, Val, and Ile balances increased serum BCAA concentrations, respectively, and Leu and Val but not Ile enhanced the feed intake and weight gain in protein restricted piglets. In addition, protein restriction impaired the villus structure and increased the number of goblet cells in the ileum. Also, gut microbiota (Spirochaetales, Gammaproteobacteria, Lactobacillales at the order level) were altered in protein restricted pigs, while the BCAA balance markedly improved Gammaproteobacteria, Lactobacillales, and Aeromonadales proliferation, which might mediate growth promotion and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, protein restriction markedly affected the host amino acid metabolism (i.e., Ser, Thr, Lys, His, BCAAs). The BCAA balance (especially for supplementation with Leu and Val) improved the amino acid metabolism, growth performance, and gut microbiota communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng C, Li F, Kong X, Duan Y, Deng J. α-Ketoisocaproate and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate regulate fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:846-857. [PMID: 30775808 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects and roles of excess leucine (Leu) versus its metabolites α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed one of the four diets (basal diet, L-Leu, KIC-Ca and HMB-Ca) for 45 days. Results indicated that dietary treatments did not affect the intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p > 0.05), but differently influenced the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and soleus muscle (SM). In particular, the proportion of N3 PUFA specifically in LM was significantly decreased in the Leu group and increased in both KIC and HMB group relative to the basal diet group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed KIC-supplemented diets exhibited decreased expression of FATP-1, ACC, ATGL, C/EBPα, PPARγ and SREBP-1c in LM and increased expression of FATP-1, FAT/CD36, ATGL and M-CPT-1 in SM relative to the basal diet control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that doubling dietary Leu content decreased the percentage of N3 PUFA mainly in glycolytic skeletal muscle, whereas KIC and HMB improved muscular fatty acid composition and altered lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. The mechanism of action of KIC might be related to the TFs, and the mechanism of action of HMB might be associated with the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Elsabagh M, Ishikake M, Sakamoto Y, Haruno A, Miura M, Fujieda T, Obitsu T, Sugino T. Postruminal supply of amino acids enhances ghrelin secretion and lipid metabolism in feed-deprived sheep. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1663-1672. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafrelsheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Motomi Ishikake
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
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