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Eriksen EØ, Kudirkiene E, Barington K, Goecke NB, Blirup-Plum SA, Nielsen JP, Olsen JE, Jensen HE, Pankoke K, Larsen LE, Liu G, Pedersen KS. An observational field study of porcine post-weaning diarrhea: clinical and microbiological findings, and fecal pH-measurements as a potential diagnostic tool. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37434248 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, in-feed medicinal zinc has been phased out in pig production in the European Union. This makes updated knowledge about porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) crucial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate (i) the clinical presentation of PWD in pigs housed in Danish herds that did not use medicinal zinc, specifically the prevalence of diarrhea and whether PWD was associated to clinical signs of dehydration or altered body temperature; (ii) which microorganism are associated to PWD; and iii) whether measurements of the fecal pH have a potential to be used diagnostically to differentiate between infectious etiologies in cases of PWD. RESULTS The prevalence of diarrhea varied considerably between the outbreaks in the nine studied herds (median = 0.58, range = 0.10; 0.94). In a cross-sectional design (n = 923), diarrhea was associated with reduced rectal temperature and alkaline feces. Diarrhea was also associated with observably reduced skin elasticity, possibly indicating dehydration. In both diarrheic case pigs (n = 87) and control pigs (n = 86), the presence of Brachyspira pilosicoli, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium spp., Cystoisopora suis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Lawsonia intracellularis, porcine circovirus types 2 and 3, rotavirus A, B, C, and H, Samonella enterica spp. enterica, and Trichuris suis was described. PWD was associated with high levels of enterotoxigenic E. coli shedding (odds ratio versus no E. coli detection = 4.79 [CI 1.14; 12.62]). Diarrhea was associated with high levels of rotavirus A shedding (odds ratio versus no/low rotavirus A = 3.80 [CI 1.33; 7.97]). The association between microbiological findings in diarrheic pigs and fecal pH was negligible. CONCLUSIONS Enterotoxigenic E. coli was confirmed to be a cause of PWD; however, cases of PWD where enterotoxigenic E. coli was not detected in high levels occurred commonly, and this adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that PWD is not necessarily a result of enteric colibacillosis. Rotaviral enteritis might be a differential diagnosis of PWD. pH-measurements cannot be used to differentiate between differential diagnoses for PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Østergaard Eriksen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristiane Barington
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicole Bakkegård Goecke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sophie Amalie Blirup-Plum
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karen Pankoke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gang Liu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ken Steen Pedersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Ø-Vet A/S, Køberupvej 33, 4700, Næstved, Denmark
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Li F, Wu X, Liang Y, Wu W. Potential implications of oxidative modification on dietary protein nutritional value: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:714-751. [PMID: 36527316 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During food processing and storage, proteins are sensitive to oxidative modification, changing the structural characteristics and functional properties. Recently, the impact of dietary protein oxidation on body health has drawn increasing attention. However, few reviews summarized and highlighted the impact of oxidative modification on the nutritional value of dietary proteins and related mechanisms. Therefore, this review seeks to give an updated discussion of the effects of oxidative modification on the structural characteristics and nutritional value of dietary proteins, and elucidate the interaction with gut microbiota, intestinal tissues, and organs. Additionally, the specific mechanisms related to pathological conditions are also characterized. Dietary protein oxidation during food processing and storage change protein structure, which further influences the in vitro digestion properties of proteins. In vivo research demonstrates that oxidized dietary proteins threaten body health via complicated pathways and affect the intestinal microenvironment via gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal morphology. This review highlights the influence of oxidative modification on the nutritional value of dietary proteins based on organs and the intestinal tract, and illustrates the necessity of appropriate experimental design for comprehensively exploring the health consequences of oxidized dietary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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Kang D, Shin D, Choe H, Hwang D, Bugenyi AW, Na CS, Lee HK, Heo J, Shim K. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals gluten-induced suppression of
small intestine development in young chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:752-769. [PMID: 35969701 PMCID: PMC9353357 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat gluten is an increasingly common ingredient in poultry diets but its impact
on the small intestine in chicken is not fully understood. This study aimed to
identify effects of high-gluten diets on chicken small intestines and the
variation of their associated transcriptional responses by age. A total of 120
broilers (Ross Strain) were used to perform two animal experiments consisting of
two gluten inclusion levels (0% or 25%) by bird’s age (1
week or 4 weeks). Transcriptomics and histochemical techniques were employed to
study the effect of gluten on their duodenal mucosa using randomly selected 12
broilers (3 chicks per group). A reduction in feed intake and body weight gain
was found in the broilers fed a high-gluten containing diet at both ages.
Histochemical photomicrographs showed a reduced villus height to crypt depth
ratio in the duodenum of gluten-fed broilers at 1 week. We found mainly a
significant effect on the gene expression of duodenal mucosa in gluten-fed
broilers at 1 week (289 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]). Pathway analyses
revealed that the significant DEGs were mainly involved in ribosome, oxidative
phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling
pathways. These pathways are involved in ribosome protein biogenesis, oxidative
phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. Our results suggest a
pattern of differential gene expression in these pathways that can be linked to
chronic inflammation, suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis. And via such a mode of action, high-gluten inclusion levels in
poultry diets could lead to the observed retardation of villi development in the
duodenal mucosa of young broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Hosung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Doyon Hwang
- Institute for Animal Products Quality
Evaluation, Sejong 339011, Korea
| | - Andrew Wange Bugenyi
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- National Agricultural Research
Organization, Entebbe 295, Uganda
| | - Chong-Sam Na
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jaeyoung Heo,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2549, E-mail:
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kwanseob Shim,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2609, E-mail:
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Zhang H, Zheng P, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Mao X, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yan H. Dietary Arginine Supplementation Improves Intestinal Mitochondrial Functions in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets but Not in Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121995. [PMID: 34943098 PMCID: PMC8698761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that L-arginine supplementation had beneficial effects on intestinal barrier functions of low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets, which were associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity. Moreover, mitochondrial functions are closely related to the redox state. This study was to explore potential mechanisms of L-arginine-induced beneficial effects against intestinal dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial function of LBW piglets. Twenty 4-day-old normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (BW: 2.08 ± 0.09 kg) and 20 LBW siblings (BW: 1.16 ± 0.07 kg) were artificially fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1.0% L-arginine for 21 d, respectively. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, redox status, mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial functions were examined. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. LBW piglets presented lower (p < 0.05) ADG, shorter (p < 0.05) intestinal villus height, lower (p < 0.05) jejunal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG in jejunal mitochondria, compared with NBW piglets. Supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine significantly increased (p < 0.05) ADG, the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, intestinal villus height and mRNA abundances of ZO-1 (2-fold) in the jejunum of LBW piglets, but not in NBW piglets. Furthermore, the concentrations of ATP and the transcription of COX IV, COX V genes were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and the concentration of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG were decreased (p < 0.05) in arginine-treated LBW piglets. The results suggest that mitochondrial morphology is affected, and mitochondrial functions are impaired in the jejunum of LBW piglets. While supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine relieved intestinal dysfunction through enhancing antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondrial functions via repairing mitochondrial morphology, normalizing mitochondrial calcium, and increasing ATP concentration in the jejunum of LBW piglets. However, supplementation with L-arginine has no significant beneficial effects on intestinal health in NBW piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-86290922
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Insititute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (D.C.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (H.Y.)
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Gu Y, Chen Y, Jin R, Wang C, Wen C, Zhou Y. Protective effects of curcumin on laying hens fed soybean meal with heat-induced protein oxidation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1913653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Ruan D, Zhu YW, Fouad AM, Yan SJ, Chen W, Zhang YN, Xia WG, Wang S, Jiang SQ, Yang L, Zheng CT. Dietary curcumin enhances intestinal antioxidant capacity in ducklings via altering gene expression of antioxidant and key detoxification enzymes. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3705-3714. [PMID: 30869142 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary curcumin supplementation on tissue distribution of curcumin and its metabolites, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and expression of detoxification-related genes in ducks. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cherry Valley Pekin ducklings (initial BW 58.6 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups each with 6 replicates of 30 ducks using a single factorial arrangement design. Ducks in the control group were fed a basal diet and the remainder were fed the basal diet supplemented with 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg curcumin. The experiment lasted for 21 D. Curcumin was present at 13.12 to 16.18 mg/g in the cecal digesta, 75.50 to 575.40 μg/g in jejunal mucosa, 35.10 to 73.65 μg/g in liver, and 7.02 to 7.88 μg/mL in plasma. The jejunal and hepatic contents of curcumin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in response to supplementation with 400 and 800 mg/kg of curcumin respectively, compared with 200 mg curcumin/kg group. There was a linear (P < 0.001) effect of dietary curcumin on relative abundance of SOD1, GPX1, CAT, HO-1, and Nrf2 transcripts, and a quadratic (P < 0.001) increase in the activities of GSH-Px and T-AOC in jejunal mucosa. The expression of CYP1A4, CYP2D17 increased and CYP1B1, CYP2A6 decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with dietary curcumin concentrations. In addition, dietary curcumin increased gene expression of GST, MRP6, and ABCB1 in jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 200 to 800 mg/kg curcumin enhanced the accumulation of curcumin and its metabolites in jejunum as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity and detoxification potential, which play major roles in the protection of duck intestines against damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Y W Zhu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - S J Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities of Psidium guajava in diarrheal rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 17:57-65. [PMID: 30555015 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psidium guajava occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used to treat inflammation, diabetes, fever, hypertension and ulcers. However, its antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities still need to be investigated. METHODS Fifty-four male rats were divided into normal and diarrheal rats. The normal rats were divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg) and gallic acid. Treatments were administrated orally in 1 mL saline for a 1-month period. The diarrheal rats were divided into 5 groups: desmopressin (0.2 mg/kg) drug, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg), gallic acid and an untreated control. Doses were given daily for a 1-month period while the untreated control received no treatment. RESULTS Diarrhea was responsible for an observed decline in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride. Further, diarrhea was positively correlated with a significant increase in urine volume, and excretion of electrolytes, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in the urine. In contrast, there was a proportional increase in the lipid peroxidation value in diarrhea and a significant decline was observed in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels in diarrhea. Also, diarrhea inhibited blood proteins. The oral intake of P. guajava leaf extract by diarrheal rats restored all of these parameters to near normal levels. High-dose P. guajava leaf extract was more effective than the same compound at a low dose. CONCLUSION P. guajava leaf extract elicited antidiarrheal and protein conservative effects.
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